Essays on Social Structure

Violence and aggression are the hallmark of old patriarchal societies where men’s supremacy was the main value underpinning a family. However and unfortunately, it would be too early to talk about such type of social structure using the past tense, since even in our today’s open-minded world patriarchal families based on men’s violence and women’s oppression are not a rare case. While trying to understand why such a situation could take place and why Beth could follow and obey her husband so long, it would be helpful to address the theoretical approach suggested by Andersen ...

Introduction

The desire to conform to the norms is what makes the foundation of a civilized society. Social order, for instance, is a desired attribute that is founded on established written and unwritten rules that are being observed by most people within a society. Deviation from these established rules is considered as undesirable and people who deviate are considered as having abnormal qualities or malfunctioning (Merton, 2002, p. 672). There are instances, however, wherein some people are observed to deviate from the standard pattern of human behavior. This deviation has captured the interest of many social scientists and have been ...

Different Aspects of Globalization

Globalization represents the integration of societies and economies through migration, capital flows, foreign direct investment and global trade activities. One positive aspect of globalization is that it brings countries and their people closer by connecting them with each other. This is largely supported by the rise of the internet. The second aspect of globalization concerns the capital inflow and foreign investment into the developing countries. Because of such inflows, developing economies are able to prosper economically, get more employment opportunities, and the living standard of the local people increases. The third aspect of globalization is that countries are able ...

The Synopsis of the Story

As the world was ushering in the New Year, Chicago was met with a disturbing video that went viral. The terrifying video involved four black men bullying a white man. The four recorded their indecent acts as they kidnapped, gagged and humiliated the victim, who is disabled. The 18-year old victim is a subject of schizophrenia, a mental illness, and attention deficit disorder. Regardless of his state, the group appeared to derive pleasure in mistreating the young man as they laughed along. Even worse, they issued death threats without any sign of compassion or remorse. In fact, one of ...

General Aspects of Indonesian Culture

Indonesia is an Asian country that comprises over 17,000 islands and with a population of around 256 million people. The country’s population implies diversity in the ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious domains. Being an island means that Indonesia is basically multi-ethnic with small groups occupying geographic enclaves. Indonesia comprises over six hundred ethnic groups grouped into 31 broad categories based on the 2010 census publication with the majority being the Javanese (40.2%) followed by Sundanese (15.5%) and Bataks (3.6%) (Utomo and McDonald, 2014, p.7). Indonesians speak various languages and observe varying customs and religious beliefs, however, there ...

Organic Solidarity refers to the social unit that is founded on a division of labor, thus, giving rise to interdependence among people. In addition, the culture identified above is characterized by four core attributes. These include a large population spreading out over a larger geographical area, a legal system that is based on restituting sanctions and redressing social vices by restoring a situation to the previous state, complex labor division, and a growing level of individual freedom. Gesellschaft is a further important social culture. It describes a form of association in which the interests of the individual members are ...

The following literature review evaluates scholarly research on the challenges of entrepreneurship, project management and sustainable development in Africa. Based on the discussion meaningful implications and suggestions are mentioned towards the end. Africa is a land of magnificent natural sceneries and resources but even in the 21st century it is still considered the Dark Continent, bearing metaphorical meaning. It is the least developed continent in the world. Despite major efforts in improving the lives of Africans there are many challenges that face the continent.

Sustainable Development in Africa

Africa has immense natural resources and precious minerals. For decades the practice of finding energy ...

A Summary of

The reviews on Africa’s solar based enterprises are quite recent and cover a majority of related topics. He has reviewed the factors that provided an impetus to solar power based enterprises and the existing opportunities. However, the need for some more reviews on the reasons addressing slow development in the field is evident. Nevertheless, it is successful in drawing the readers’ attention on the gaps existing in the current review of scholarly works. The three basic research questions raised in the study clearly underline its problems and the purpose. Through these questions the author seeks to address the ...

One effective aspect of the story is the use of conflict between Sonny boy and his community. Examples of the conflict can be seen with the treatment of Grandma Sooky, Old Jason, and Clara. Grandma Sooky is always telling Sonny to stop looking at the moon, Old Jason tries to convince him to pick up a plow, and Clara is in love with him, yet he does not propose to her. These conflict all shape and give meaning to the story. First, Grandma Sooky want him to be conventional and follow religious rules not the moon "Devils". However, Sonny ...

Many of us, when we think about our histories, do not realize how influenced we are by the institutions are us. Whether it is by religion, class, work, a different institution, or a combination of a few, who we become has much to do with what we witnessed, and what went on around us, how we were raised, and the opportunities that were presented to us in youth. In some cases, these institutions began before we were born. For me, it is a combination of institutions. While many played small roles in my upbringing, as well as who I ...

The three main theories of social structure are the social disorganization theory, strain theory and culture conflict theory. These theories explain the various perspectives of crime with respect to society. All three theories have their own representation for the crime. The social disorganization theory represents the relation between crime and society in a pathological framework where the society is the body or organism whereas the crime is a parasite and disease which creates a deviance. These theories mainly relate to the ecological setup of society and were developed in the 1920s and 1930s (“Social structure theories,” n.d.). According to ...

Introduction

Social class .Culture

Social status

Role Group Social institutions Conclusion Social structure is an organization of a set of patterns between people and social institutions that together make up the society. It is both a determinant and product of social interaction. Social structure is made up of six major components each with a different use in the society. The first component is social class that is a grouping of people whose wealth, prestige, and power rank closely together and is comparable to one another. The existence of social classes in society is known as stratification and leads to people from different ...

In Gridiron Gang, the character of Willie Weathery had many factors that could explain why he became delinquent. Family disruption, peers, gang membership, peer pressure, strain, community disorganization, social learning, low self-control and labeling are all theories and causes used to explain delinquent behavior and are all reasons why Willie Weathery engage in the delinquent act that landed him in juvenile detention. There is no single cause of delinquency. Many factors that combine to motivate a juvenile to engage in delinquent behavior.

FAMILY DISRUPTION

In the movie, Willie Weathery appears to live with his mother and younger brother. At no time ...

Research Paper

Introduction The social world is as complex as the physical world. Due to such complexity, sociologists have made considerable efforts to explain various social phenomena through different sociological theories. One of the major sociological theories is functionalism, which has its origins in the works of Herbert Spencer and Emile Durkheim. The functionalist theory explains how societies survive and maintain social stability. It also explores dysfunctional events like suicide. This paper argues that functionalism can provide a reasonable and accurate explanation of the phenomenon of suicide since social factors, like excessive social cohesion or the lack of it and extreme ...

International Politics

Q1. Constructing International Politics by Wendt According to Wendt, social structures are built on three elements; a shared knowledge, the material resources, and practices (Wendt, 1995). Concerning the aspect of shared knowledge, Wendt points out that partial definition of social structures involves common understanding, knowledge or expectations. These aspects constitute actions in a given situation which in turn influence how they relate, whether conflictive or corporative. To draw his point, Wendt further uses the case of the security dilemma, which is a social structure based on intersubjective understandings whereby states become so distrustful to the extent that they assume ...

In this paper, I am going to discuss an oratorical child leader whose name is Severn Cullis-Suzuki (BC BookWorld, n.d.; Cullis-Suzuki, 1994; speedybo's island, 1992). In 1992, she delivered her speech in the United Nations Earth Summit’s Plenary Session, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The theme of her oration is a call to end environmental abuse, wastage, and destruction. The focus of her speech is for conference delegates (e.g., governments, private corporate leaders, businesspersons, politicians, legislators, reporters, et al.) to assign a priority for children – during Suzuki’s and all other children’s time until future generations. In this ...

The relationship between traditional organizational structures of policing agencies:

According to Gaines & Worrall (2012), all police organizations regardless of their size or location have a social structure. The social structure of a police organization is composed of the relationships between the members of the organization. Social structures play important roles in the organization. They form the basis for division of work among the members of the police force (Gaines & Worrall, 2012). They also serve other functions such as the way to socialize new members of the force into the police force. Traditionally, the social structure of police forces focuses on three dimensions. These are vertical, functional, and geographic ( ...

Abstract

There are many economies that have developed at a significant pace, such as Japan, and many economies that are flagging behind these countries, such as India. Is this development hindered or encouraged by internal and/or external factors? The question remains as to why certain countries are developing faster than others needs to explored, which is what the first half of this essay will do. An analysis will be conducted into how the role of the state, stimuluses for modernisation, social structure and cultural factors play their part in either hindering or encouraging development in these countries. The interference of ...

Rituals exist as part of a predetermined behavior for events and societal situations concerning the belief in mystical beings and societal structure. Ritual behavior follows the use of symbols as specific properties of information and meaning. They can be objects, relationships, words, events, and activities. For instance, prayer and churches are part of the Christian ritual. National anthems and loyalty pledges are also symbols to a ritual in support of one’s nation. Therefore, a ritual is a stereotypical sequence of events that involves symbols designed to influence entities and forces on behalf of participants and their interests. While ...

Abstract

Juvenile delinquency in the United States is steadily increasing at an alarming rate. The age pool of offenders keeps on decreasing even for violent crimes such as homicide and rape. It is unclear on how the society deteriorated in successive decades since the 1970s crack cocaine epidemic. Street gangs took over droves of students into their establishments while promising acceptance. The programs that came to the aid of the criminal justice system were two pronged. The primary program is prevention. This program holds the potential to safeguard schoolchildren who are yet to succumb to the pressures and circumstances around ...

Katznelson is one of those leading writers who have proved themselves in providing much knowledge to the readers about social and political history. A professional in political science and history, he is best known for his influential research upon United States and covered topics such as social knowledge, liberal state, inequality, and institutions. His work always brings exceptional aspects that have been most important in the history of America. He has highlighted various features that have been a part of American history and has unfolded the inequalities that were evidenced in the 20th century. A collection of his books ...

In today's world everyone is a part of society and has several social roles, directly interacting with other people. A modern democratic society has gradually become civilian. This citizen is not just a person who has legal rights and responsibilities, but also attained a certain level of consciousness. This is a person who deliberately applies to himself, his place in society actively participating in public and political life. The concept of a person is used to characterize the inherent qualities of all the people and abilities. A single representative of the human race, a particular carrier is an individual ...

How conflicts can change the economic behavior of consumers?

If we consider the fast food from the viewpoint of the conflict theory it is necessary to understand that the conflict in society is inevitable and universal, as it stimulates and develops the changes society for the better. The conflict for fast food is considered primarily on the macro level. Manufacture of food products and all associated with the economy, technology and cooking appliances are woven into human relationships. This is the primary material relations of the social world, rather than abstract economic relations of social labor. As an example we can provide a story of a hockey player ...

Introduction

Correctional reforms are an important part of the criminal justice system. The reforms can reduce recidivism or have the opposite effect depending on its implementation based on cultural beliefs. Every region of the world has its unique philosophies. Despite changes in political paradigms, the cultural values find their purpose even in the new laws. Eventually, all penal systems aim to achieve an intolerance for criminal behavior from their respective civilian population. The success of any reformist drive must have the potential to derive a law that will work for the entire community. Although this criterion might seem difficult, it ...

THE ENLIGHTENMENT AND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

The French Revolution was known for its blood-lined streets, rioting peasants, and terrifying regime changes. However, all death and destruction aside, the protesters of this time were heavily influenced by the thinkers that had come before them and brought new ideas to light. While the results were bloody, the intentions were lodged in modern thought. The Enlightenment was a time that influenced many historical movements in the future and had a significant impact on the political structure of France before and after the revolution. The driving force behind this movement was the writings of the philosophes and their contributions ...

And cultural profiling of a Country

Abstract This paper discusses the primary determinants of any culture. They can be narrowed down to : Social structure Religion Education Language Economic and political philosophy I will discuss each one of them in context of Japan. For country profiling, I would like to select Japan. Japan has a population of 127 million which is the 10th highest in the world. Japan consists of nearly 6,852 islands (in an archipelago fashion) which are located in a volcanic zone on the ‘Pacific Ring of Fire’. Japan is surrounded by or located on ocean trenches, volcanic arcs and tectonic plates ...

The antebellum years in the American history are known as the years of rapid changes in various spheres of social life. The drive for reforms was defined by the economic, technological and social progress that deemed the existing social structure unacceptable for all member of the American society. Several factors were involved in this process. Among those were the Industrial Revolution, the religious movement that is known as the Second Great Awakening, the utopian communities, the transcendentalism intellectual movements and others. “They [the reformers] hoped to change American life by creating ‘heavens on earth’” (Foner, 2014, p.434). Prior to ...

Crime has turned out to be a growing trend, and evidence suggests that there are growing factors that place individuals at the risk of being involved in criminal offences. A high rise in criminal activities raises very puzzling questions like what led a person to partake a criminal act. Being able to explain why people commit a crime is essential to handle the high rate of crime. There are some theories that strive to explain the reason why people turn out to be outlaws and engage in crime. Understanding these principles will unveil a strategy for coming up with ...

Understanding the Local Society in which Counterinsurgency Operations are conducted is Critical to Mission Success. Discuss. There has been a history in world political affairs when insurgency has forced single or joint counterinsurgency operations, organized in collaboration with the ruling government of that country to help it militarily to defeat insurgent forces. Before writing on counterinsurgency, we need to comprehend its meaning, which is an antonym of insurgency. According to Cambridge Dictionary Online, insurgency refers to a scenario when a country is taken control of by its people through the use of arms and ammunition, in other words, forcefully. ...

The mass media plays an important role in the current society. The information transmitted via media has a huge influence on people's perceptions and decisions and for that matter, it can be seen as the eyes of our society (Champagne 2). Although there are strict guidelines and a code of ethics that governs media reporting, today's media is full of self-aggrandizement and greed (Champagne 2). There is stiff competition in the media industry. There are so many options an audience can choose from, and with increasing competition, every media house has to roll up its sleeves and use every ...

Anthropology is the scientific humanistic study of human beings. It comprises of the history of the evolution of human beings or rather humanity. It describes the physical variations among us. It also studies the past societies and gives today human society and culture in a comparative manner. In the context applied here, a society refers to a group of people with a certain dependence on one another for well-being and their own survival. Culture therefore refers to the societal adaptations a given environment (Scupin, 12). This gives meaning to their lives. Therefore, anthropology struggles to analyze, describe, and explain ...

OVERVIEW

The two theorists we chose for our research are Robert K. Merton and Peter Blau. Two famous American sociologists of XX century. Their theories will be applied to the article named Should we worry about gene editing which apparently exposes the author`s opinion upon the new biological researches and the ability of biologists to influence our body artificially. The credibility of an article is proved by the fact that the author of the article is Robert Klitzman, a renown professor of psychology at Columbia University. There are several ways of approaching the problem, but first of all, we ...

Workplace discrimination has been around for decades in most parts of the world. Discrimination refers to the disparate treatment of workers based on social and physiological indicators such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. The pervasiveness of discrimination manifests in the adverse psychological, social, occupational, and sometimes physical effects that the vice has on the victims. Over the last four decades, several countries have enacted antidiscrimination laws due to the mounting awareness and public outcry regarding workplace discrimination. These laws, coupled with avenues for redress in the courts, have been effective in significantly reducing cases of overt ...

In fact, there are considerable differences in physical activity, emotions, interests, perception between men and women. Numerous scientists have explored and discussed if these differences are conditioned by social factors or biology. To make it clear, some think that it is biology that defines human behavior, tastes, skills etc.; others adhere to the opinion that society is a more influential impact on formation of behavior. In other words, socially created features of men and women are called "gender", "sex" is determined by biology. Unfortunately, nowadays it is possible to see numerous mistakes and discrepancies concerning the use of both ...