Essays on Excavations

Archaeology is the study of both ancient and recent past of human beings through material remains. Archaeology gives us a unique perspective on the culture and the history of human beings which helps us understand both the ancient and the recent past of a certain group of people greatly. This study helps us understand where, when, why and how people lived on this planet. It also examines the different kinds of changes that human culture has undergone over time, and tries to seek an explanation for the changes. In this paper, we will be discussing the archaeology of both ...

The Fate of Greenland's Vikings by Dale Mackenzie Brown.

In 1721, Hans Egede, a Norwegian missionary discovered that the Norse were no longer inhabiting the two settlements that they had established around 1000 A.D. Since then there has been many debates on the cause of their disappearance and decline. For long, the theories about their disappearance centered around the oral traditions of the Inuits. The Inuit tradition held that the demise of the Norse was due to the contact between the Inuit and the Norse which was often aggressive (Seaver 1996, 119). In recent years however, owing to expanding archaeological findings and other limited documentary evidence there have ...

Abstract

The ethical and technical importance of effective, efficiently performed forensic crime scene investigation combines the use of creative thinking, with well-planned assessments and collection of evidence. When law enforcement participants function together as a team, in the engagement of utilizing standardized procedures in the collection and recovery of evidence, whether on ground-surface or burial excavations, precision and integrity may be maintained as foundational to the process. Preservation using photographic, videotaping, and handwritten documentation during each step of the crime scene investigation process, provides a basis of accuracy in reporting outcomes and greatly aids in an unambiguous identification of party – ...

Introduction 2

The Discovery of Shang Dynasty Bronze Vessels 3 The Shang Dynasty 4 The Bronze Age 6 Conclusion 7

Works Cited 9

The Beauty of Shang Bronze Vessels Introduction The Chinese culture has been identified as one of the oldest and most complex of its kind to have ever existed on planet Earth. The fact that the Chinese, despite intermingling with other cultures throughout history, have maintained a unique writing style provides an insight into this complexity. However, the Chinese are also famed for their culture, which is unique in many ways. One of the cultural practices that the Chinese have maintained over ...

Abrigo do Lagar Velho is a rock-shelter in the Portuguese valley that is famous for the stratigraphic range of the Upper Paleolithic human occupations within that area.

Absolute dating technique (chronometric dating) refers to the process of revealing the age on a certain time scale.

Acclimatization is the response of an organism to a gradual change in environmental conditions by adjusting and sustaining within these changes. Acheulian (Acheulean) is a tool made of stone that had round cutting edges and was used during the Lower Palaeolithic era.

Adolescent growth spurt refers to the sharp growth in height and weight rates t during adolescence.

Aegyptopithecus refers to the extinct primate of the Oligocene Period, resembling a modern-day lemur, whose fossils were found in Egypt. Afar Triangle is the region that is part of the ...

Historical origin and development of shipyard in Istanbul

Ships and shipyards are a very old tradition in Istanbul (Cvikel & Kahanov, 2013). The pioneer shipyard was designed in 1390. The shipyards developed quickly and as early as the 16th century, Turkish shipyards were leading globally (Grant, 2005). Traditional shipbuilding techniques in combination with modern technology have helped the shipbuilding industry develop as an international recognized trademark in shipping industry since the beginning of 1990's. In Istanbul, shipyards perform various functions ranging from creating a variety of ship models such as yacht both big and small. Repair and maintenance of the different vessels are also done in these shipyards. ...

TECHNICAL REPORT 2

REVIEW OF FOUNDATION SYSTEM FOR A BUILDING For: Introduction This report outlines different types of foundations and their suitable application areas in construction. In addition, it presents the plan view, design considerations, the elevation and the significant information that are needed from soil investigations and geotechnical design. Soil investigation report outlines the outcome of the geotechnical examination report for the proposed building and complex in Dubai UAE (Peck, Hanson & Thornburn, 1974). The investigations were conducted in accordance with the conformation which is dated 8th April 2016. The aim of the investigation is to determine the conditions of both surface ...

Rome brought light to the darkest and the most barbaric places of the world, and if and when it did, these were areas that posed value to the strategic interests of the empire rather than be regions that needed civilizing. Britain was the island whose unique geography allowed founding a city serving the imperial interests well. Its conquest improved the image of the empire as a formidable force to reckon with and enhanced the reputation of the emperor. Furthermore, the introduction of religious and cultural buildings into Londinium served the ideological purpose of exposing the new subjects to the ...

In the formation of art of the peoples who lived in the Mediterranean basin, a huge role was played by the so-called Aegean, or Mycenaean art. The Aegean culture was formed and developed in III—II millennia BC and was created by tribes that lived on the island of Crete, the Peloponnese, the West coast of Asia Minor (Boardman 21). In 1871, the German archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann excavated Hissarluka on the hill "pre-Homer" cities that can be dated to the III Millennium BC and which belong to the prehistory of the Aegean culture. Soon Schliemann began excavations in the ...

Egyptian Pyramids

"Visiting card" of Egypt is the pyramids. There are about hundreds of them - large and small, with smooth and stepped sides that have survived virtually unchanged and more look like a shapeless heap of stones. They are located along the West Bank of the Nile in small groups near the place, where in the era of the Old Kingdom was the capital of the country - Memphis. The most famous of the pyramids are on the outskirts of Cairo, on the edge of the desert plateau of Giza, looming over the green valley of the Nile. Here at ...

Trash can tell a lot about a person who throws it away as it can show what the person was doing, eating, what is the person’s life style, hobbies, etc. In my trash can, archaeologists will be able to find two big-size cups from Starbucks, an empty apple juice container, several empty bottles of Coke, one empty pizza box, candy bar wrappers, an empty tube of a Peelu toothpaste with a toothbrush (that looks rather new), plastic wrap from the sneakers, an iPhone silicone case, an empty Xbox box, leftover fruit, an empty Gatorade bottle, and other trash. ...

Describe the business? What do they do?

Riverside Electric, Inc. is reportedly a full service electric contractor that allegedly provides professional lighting solutions to diverse types of business organizations . According to its official website, the list of services include: lighting management programs; on-call services; Green Technology; Photometric Study; generator sales, installation and services; and electrical services . Being a full service electrical contractor, the organization boast of offering diverse electrical services from installation, maintenance, to repair. Likewise, their pricing strategy was disclosed to be competitive and could fit the budget of those who aimed to avail any of the needed services. Specifically, the organization itemized the following service options: ...

Peace that people enjoy nowadays uninterrupted is, of course, not a new phenomenon. However, what is interesting is that the humanity has lived only several hundred years without warring for whatever reason could bring large armies face-to-face in a lethal confrontation for questionable reasons. Besides soldiers, the brute force of conflicts, the main tools of war have always been weapons indicating the state of technological advancement of nations, being the litmus paper and the benchmarks of progress. Thousands years ago, there was no such concept as a long-lasting peace, and the weaponry was a lot more different than it currently is, being used ...

Site-specific installation artworks can promote appreciation of contemporary art

This study seeks to determine how site-specific installation of artworks promotes appreciation of contemporary art. The study will focus on the following artists and their artwork: Richard Serra’s ‘Tilted Arc’, Anish Kapoor’s ‘Cloud Gate’, and Rachel Whiteread’s Judenplatz Vienna 'Holocaust Memorial’. Site-specific installation artworks by Richard Serra, Anish Kapoor, and Rachel Whiteread promote appreciation of contemporary art. This project seeks to showcase some of the artworks of these artists. The artworks under study are the examples of public art. Thus, the public view them and give their feedback on the artworks displayed. Depending on how ...

Introduction

Plate tectonics is important because it explains the reasons for the deformation of Earth’s surface. Plate Tectonics theory assumes that the Earth’s surface was broken into several small plates and the plates have collided with each other to form the continents. The theory explains that the oceans and continents also move in addition to the tectonic plates. It also explains the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. The plate tectonics explains the major features of the earth, such as the continents and oceans, the earthquakes and volcanoes and the mountains and valleys. The theory explained that the ...

There are a small number of extremely significant archaeological discoveries that were made by chance without scientists’ intentional efforts and search. Among such exceptional finding are the Rosetta Stone, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the Terracotta Army, which is situated in the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Qinshihuang. The significance of the latter has been recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in 1987 by way of being inscribed in the World Heritage List as one of the World Heritage Sites to be specifically preserved and safeguarded by the Chinese government, a home for the Mausoleum (" ...

Introduction:

In the introduction, Clunas insists that Chinese art is quite a recent invention, in actual fact, not more than a hundred years old. Although the textiles, pieces of calligraphy, paintings, sculptures, ceramics and other works of art date from over 5,000 years old, the idea of grouping Chinese art is a much more recent phenomenon. The book is purposely called ‘Art in China’ and not Chinese art since it is principally written out of a major distrust of the existence of unifying principles that bring together art from a particular country. There are several abrupt decisions that have been made in the ...

Introduction

The ancient city of Troy is perhaps one of the cities that have generated waves of disputes over time, as to whether it has been an actual city or a legendary one. However, due to extensive archaeological research, Troy is a city that indeed existed, and maybe its remains do not bring back pictures of its old glorious days, yet, there is so much to learn from its passage through time. In greater detail: Ancient Greek epic poet wrote in his infamous epic “The Iliad”: “Generations of men are like the leaves. In winter, winds blow them down to ...

Person and Place in PreClassic Maya Ritual

Person and Place in PreClassic Maya Ritual The enigmatic Maya civilization evokes pangs of interest among historians and commoners. The ancient civilization was advanced in several ways and their quintessence is still existent on the heart of the world which is adorned by the massive archeological structures constructed by the Maya people. An insight into their constructions would enable one to decipher the intricacies of their culture. The Maya society and its structure can be comprehended in relation to the artifacts, paintings, monuments, temples and other structures. Excavations in the heartland of the ancient Maya civilization have unearthed ...

Introduction

Archeology has helped scholars to reconstruct the story of the Bible from its utopist genesis to epic battles and struggles of the patriarchs of Israel. Archeologists have found evidence of the kingdoms, kings, temples and the people of Biblical times. Archeological excavations have corroborated some biblical events, contradicted others while entirely dismissing the occurrence of others because of the absence of archeological evidence and logical proof (Finkelstein & Silberman 15). This paper will examine the existing archeological evidence in relation to the biblical accounts of the Exodus and the life of Jesus in Early Rome. The paper will analyze two ...

he research was able to come up with conclusions and recommendations. It recommended that the council should consider excavating the landfall in one site that was considered to be the best of all. This is because it would be cheaper and more pollution free.

Introduction

As an assistant manager for the Town Council of Quillicom, Michigan, I was instructed by my boss, Robert D. Delorme to help this council in addressing the emerging problem of landfill that was already wrecking havoc to its administration. Hence, from my analysis, I found out that the council was planning to deal with this ...

This paper is going to have two parts; part A and part B. the paper is going to be about risk management in a building and construction site whose plan has been given. In part A, the discussion will include different aspects of risk management like hazard identification, risk Assessment, control Measures and implementation of the measures and the monitoring and reviewing the effectiveness of Measures used in construction sites. Part B on the other hand will be about a fault that was observed in the scaffold of the building.

PART A

1. Hazards identification a. Scaffold This type of hazard ...

Introduction

Learning can be defined as the process of acquiring or adding value to the existing knowledge, skills and personal values. The learning process is continuous in one’s lifetime, since every new day is an opportunity for one to learn something new. However, in a classroom situation, the teachers have the responsibility of taking their students through the learning process. To facilitate the learning process in a classroom situation, learning theories and frameworks have been designed (Illeris, 2009, p.144). The general definition of a theory is a statement that is meant to explain a particular phenomenon (Gredler, 2008, p. 5). Based on this ...

1. Types of Risks and Hazards

In any building sites there exist various hazards that may lead to numerous risks to the workers in a building site. The hazards include:

2. Assessment of the Risks

Trenches and Excavations sides are likely to collapse any time when weights are applied. This poses a threat as soil cannot be relied to carry its own weight.

Head injuries in a building site are hazards that might result due to tools, equipments, and materials that fall from ladders or from high heights.

Electricity at the construction site is dangerous as they result ...