Essays on Randomness

Validity in Research Design

Validity in Quantitative Research Designs Validity refers to the degree to which physical evidence supports an experimental concept or conclusion. In statistics, it refers to the level of confidence that researchers hold on a particular causal effect of an experiment. The most common challenges to internal validity in the research design occur from the selection process of target population as well as the sample size (Yuan et al., 2009).In particular, the selection process in the article reflects only persons who have volunteered for the research. Ideally, this represents a threat to internal validity since the individuals used in ...

In this video, Leonard Mlodinow discussed the incorrect conclusions about events that many people make because of the misunderstanding of randomness. We process information based on our own experience rather than through the use of statistical theory, and we are unaware of the effect uncontrollable events have on our lives. Mlodinow described research studies that have shown people need to feel they have control over events in their lives, even when they consciously know they do not. People’s perceptions are also influenced by expectations. Because you may expect one thing to happen, you may think it does, even ...

Describe in your own words the differences between steganography, digital watermarking, and digital rights management.

Steganography, digital watermarking, and digital right management are certainly all related, however they differ in that they represent different levels, or facets of the information security process. Digital watermarking is a way of embedding hidden digital information on video, audio, and imaging, that denotes ownership of the information, or marks a piece of visual or audio information for copyright (Shih, 2008). These watermarks can be traced, according to a specific algorithm, in order to identify copyright infringement, or authenticate data use. These digital watermarks are a specific type of stenography. Steganography is more generally the act of concealing a ...

In the history of philosophy, the problem of determinism and free will has always sparked a debate between philosophers who take opposing views on the issue. Determinism is a philosophical belief and thinking that assumes that all things which include human behavior are causally determined. On the other hand, free will is a philosophical idea that views things such as human will and behavior as free from causal determination. This topic in itself creates other issues that relate to morality and religion. On one hand, to believe in free simply does not in itself mean that human conduct is ...

Tim Harford, an English economist and journalist, shared his views on how frustration can make us more creative, on Ted Talk. The talk was based on some examples from daily life with regards to situations that may not be to our liking, but adjusting to those situations can help uncover the inner creative side by unfolding creative solutions to problems (Harford). The premise of Ted Talk is to provide a platform to leaders from different sectors, with the main topic of discussion on the ‘TED’, i.e. technology, entertainment and design, and ongoing discussion on global issues, science and business ...

ABSTRACT

The aim of this dissertation is mainly to analyzethe risk in the New York Stock Exchange using Statistical aspects and the computation of Value at Risk. The technique of Value at Risk or Value at Risk (VaR) is a methodology to standardize the calculation of the various risks that occur in a business e.g. banks, stock exchanges and corporations. The risk is defined as the probability of obtaining a result different than expected, the factors that will depend on the position of the entity, the risk factor under consideration and the time of calculation. Thus, the VaR seeks to establish quantitatively the ...

Fooled by Randomness is Taleb’s first non-technical book published in 2001. This book discusses the underestimation of the role or randomness and chance in day-to-day life experiences. One of the core concepts of this book is the idea of hopefulness for the best average consequence across all possible outcomes and the unpredictable ranges of possibilities as opposed to a fixed foreseeable outcome. This book looks at randomness at a broader context and even though it focuses more on market and trading, it stills spans to other spheres of life and general philosophy. Precisely stated, this book is about luck and ...

Introduction: The Theory

Gamblers fallacy is an argument that bases its argument on the occurrence of random events, in that if the occurrence of a certain event is frequent currently the there will be an infrequent occurrence in the future. The fallacy depicts that if something happens more often or if there is a positive performance, there will be a rare occurrence in the future, or the performance will be negative. The fallacy is based on independent events where the outcome of one event does not influence the other also called random events. The fallacy argues that if a certain outcome is favored then as you ...

A coin toss is an action frequently used in everyday life and the theory of probability (e.g., in a probabilistic Turing machine) as a "random generator", outstanding receiver two possible signal: "heads" or "tails". Can be used both as a game and when the need for the random solution of two equally of acceptable (for example, draw in different sports). Theoretical and experimental analysis shows that the result is predictable to a certain extent, at least, if you know the initial data - location, speed and momentum. The coin toss may well be considered as a problem from the Lagrangian mechanics. An important ...

Analysis Essay on “Outliers”

Malcolm Gladwell offers a definition of success that relates to a person’s status in terms of wealth, fame, and influence. Even though his rule contains firm grounds in terms of the several drives such as date of birth and family background that paves ways for attaining success, Gladwell openly dodges the value of determination and hard work. His theory for achieving success has some cogent, but he intentionally takes out the most important part of the person’s endeavor within his analyses. The key to success lies in the individual’s power to persist through setbacks and difficulties, but his ...

Naif Alsultan

Introduction The vaccine-autism controversy came into limelight in 1998 after a UK-based gastroenterologist Dr. Andrew Wakefield published a paper linking the MMR vaccine to autism using inappropriate and false research techniques (Gerber & Offit, 2009). The theory was later disproved. Yet, some parents still felt that the reason for their child having autism was vaccine. This is primarily because the human mind is inclined towards reasoning, questioning and pattern perception. As Chabris and Simons point out in their book, this very drive for stamping on reasons for every occurrence and coincidence leads to the Illusion of cause theory (2010). According to ...

Many authors use science fiction and fantasy to explore complex and difficult themes and issues that may be invisible in the everyday world. In both Ray Bradbury's “A Sound of Thunder” and Robert Heinlein's “--And He Built a Crooked House--,” the authors use the hypothetical science fiction worlds and technologies that exist only in the abstract to discuss issues and themes that apply directly to the current day. Both Bradbury and Heinlein are masters of the science fiction genre, creating worlds and scenarios that are both whimsical and impactful to the present day. “A Sound of Thunder” follows a corporation ...

Research paper on how students’ experience of higher education enhanced or limited by their skills and knowledge in Information and Communications Technology

Abstract

This research aims at ascertaining how information communication technology impacts university and college students’ skills and knowledge with regard to academics. A sample size of 50 students was selected. The use of ICT in the institutions of higher learning has had varying impacts, with the students being the main users of this technology. The sample of randomly 50 randomly selected students was subjected to interviews and was also requested to fill in the questionnaire. Randomness eliminates subjective ...

Introduction

Quality of services and products determines whether an organization will be successful or not. Consumers essentially expect the business organizations to maintain high quality level and at the same time consider it as an imperative aspect of satisfaction. For that reason, quality management becomes very crucial as far as any business organization is concerned. This quality management can in real sense be accomplished through a variety of quality control techniques. Quality control and quality assurance are objective oriented and can actually be achieved by statistical quality control. As a result, quality control refers to a process through which the entries review ...

The Time Traveler’s Wife, a novel by Audrey Niffenegger, follows a couple through their somewhat-atypical love story: Henry, one of the protagonists of the novel, has a genetic disorder that makes him slip through time. He cannot control this time-slipping, and the fact that he can travel through time causes his relationship with the other protagonist, Clare, to be unusual. However, for the unusual and difficult nature of their relationship, Henry and Clare’s relationship lasts in the long term. Niffenegger utilizes the idea of time travel as a metaphor for love, loss, absence, fate, aging and death; the use of time ...

Abstract

The modern mantra of corporate risk management is fast becoming “A risk is risk is a risk.” Large, multinational companies are no longer prepared to approach risk management on a single risk-by-risk basis. It makes no sense for a manager to accept a potential $30m loss in the organization’s currency-trading activities and simultaneously hedge against a $10m loss on a suburban office property. Risk managers now realize that any particular risk can have consequences for many seemingly unconnected parts of the business-losses in one part of the business might be offset by gains else where in the organization that result from that loss event. ...

The argument on whether God does exist is one that has been debated by many people for a long time; philosophers on their part have based their assertions on theistic proof on rationality and logic. Some religious groups argue that this debate cannot be decided by logic alone but rather some faith is needed to understand God’s existence. However, that is not always the case; philosophers like Descartes, who is considered the father of modern day philosophy, were able to give theistic proof using valid philosophical arguments. It is hence interesting to try and answer the question of whether ...

It is a well-known fact that human culture reacts to the environment very quickly and efficiently. With the help of analysis of artistic works of a certain period it is easy to conclude what feelings and tendencies prevailed in society at that time. When art of a separate country is considered, it is useful to trace economic and overall situation in it to draw certain conclusions about the environment reflection that is observed in the sphere of art. IF culture and art are considered in such extreme situations as wars, riots, occupations, etx., it is clear that art cannot be left outside ...