Essays on Sterile

Summary: APSIC Guide for prevention of Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLASBI)

The recommendations provided for insertion are optimal site selection, hand hygiene, alcohol based chlorhexidine skin preparation and maximum barrier precautions (Ling et al 2016). It is important to know the proper catheter infection site because it can affect the risk of infection and phlebitis. It is preferred to use subclavian site for adult patients. Hand hygiene is also important because it provides protection before the catheter insertion and maintenance. There should be proper aesthetic technique. Alcohol based chlorhexhidine in skin preparation is the standard procedure used in central and peripheral venous catheters. Lastly, maximum barrier precautions must be done ...

The history of food preservation begins with the understanding that the spoilage of food

begins from the moment it is harvested and left in open air. The earliest of methods used by man included freezing meat in the winter or drying certain foods under the sun. One of the ways by which man could move from one place to another while carrying an ample supply of food was by preserving it and preventing meats and other food stuff from spoiling. The need to kill and eat foods all at one time was prevented by the idea of food preservation. It is noted that different civilizations used various methods of preservation, mainly those which ...

Colonization and infection

The population of elderly adults has been on a rise within the US, and this has been attributed to the improved healthcare system and especially on increased access to care for these populations. Within this perspective, life expectancy has increased and today the healthcare system is dominated by consumers within this category of elderly citizens (Koyano et al., 2014). Their risks of illness in this population is attributed to the aging mechanisms of tear and wear which therefore means that their systems and organs and particularly the defense mechanism tends to lose its agility with age. The one of ...

Based on current evidence, most healthcare professionals, physicians, and microbiologists consider blood culture as one of the most essential parameters in laboratory assessment, especially in the emergency department (ED) (Patton, 2016). It is important for nursing professionals in the ED to identify, assess, implement, and evaluate effective strategies to prevent and control blood culture contaminations (Bentley, et al. 2016). As per recent guidelines and recommendations, nurses involved in the ED can follow the PICO format for the prevention and control of blood culture contamination (Snyder, et al. 2012). Population (P): Patients admitted in the emergency care department. Most ...

Bacteria refer to the regnum of prokaryotes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan). For the current moment, it accounts for more than ten thousand kinds of bacteria. The bacterium is recognized as one of the most ancient of living organisms, arising about 3.9 – 3.5 billion years ago. Bacteria have the substantial variation in the ways of metamorphic and energetic metabolism. Thus, autotrophs can synthesize all necessary organic molecules from non-organic compounds, whereas heterotrophs demand active organic compounds to transform them. The biggest degree of heterotrophs belongs to intracellular parasites. They are called saprophytes (Sundararaj, Mudaliar, Anthoniraj, Kannan, Muthukaruppan) and can ...

Introduction

Sub- capital fracture of the femoral neck is a common injury among the ageing population and is regarded as “unsolvable fractures”. This is a growing health concern in every country as the healthcare expenditure is very high. The surgical options, especially for elderly population, highly depend on the patient’s profile, their preference and the experience of the surgeon . Mrs. Pollard, 75- year- old, sustained a left sub- capital fractured neck of femur. Due to her age and her other complications such as hypertension and Type- 2 diabetes, a total hip replacement might be a better surgical option as ...

Advantages and disadvantages of having a circumcision

Various persons and groups have advocated for and against circumcision, often citing various advantages or disadvantages to back up their respective positions. Some advantages according to Elist (2013a), the National Health Service (NHS) (2016) and Webmd (2014) include the reduced risk of developing urinary tract infections (UTIs), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) especially HIV, cancer of the penis and cervical cancer in female partners. It also acts as prophylaxis against balanitis, balanoposthitis phimosis and paraphimosis as well as facilitates the maintenance of penis hygiene (Elist, 2013b; NHS, 2016; Webmd, 2014; Wiswell, 1997). Disadvantages of the procedure include complications which may ...

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Amersham Biosciences Uppsala, Sweden Becton, Dickinson and Company (BD) Ireland, UK Bio Basic Inc. Ontario, Canada Biometra (an analytik Jena company) Göttingen, Germany

Bio-Rad California, USA

Biotek Instruments. Inc. Vermont, USA

Boeco Hamburg, Germany

Damad, The National Medical Products co. Ltd Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Eppendorf Hamburg, Germany Eurofins MWG Operon LLC Alabama, USA GE healthcare Buckinghamshire, UK GFL Gesellschaft for Labortechnik Burgwedel, Germany Health o meter® Professional Scales Florida, USA Labcaire New York, USA Lab-Line Kerala, India LG Electronics Seoul, South Korea New England Biolabs Massachusetts, USA Nichipet Texas, USA Panreac Darmstadt, Germany Promega Wisconsin, USA Pyrex California, USA Qiagen Boston, USA Sanyo Biomedical ...

Abstract

Handwashing is an important process in controlling microorganism transmission and infectious diseases. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of different antibacterial hand cleaners (soap, alcohol hand sanitizer and ethanol soaked wipes) on killing bacteria. Hands were sampled without cleaning with antibacterial hand cleaner (control), and after cleaning with antibacterial soap, alcohol sanitizer, and ethanol soaked wipes. Samples were taken with a sterile cotton swab and inoculated on agar plates. Each experiment was done three times. Colonies were counted, mean values and standard deviation were calculated, and data was reported. Alcohol and sanitizer and ethanol soaked ...

INTRODUCTION

Klebsiella pneumoniae belongs to Klebsiella species of Enterobacteriaceae and constitutes the normal flora of the human mouth and intestine. K. pneumonia is the most predominant and clinically critical organism. Infections with K. pneumoniae are mostly contracted from the hospitals and principally occur in patients with damaged host defenses. The objective of this study is to perform techniques to identify the bacterium in the given sample and confirm its presence by staining and microscopic analysis.

Streaking may be performed on the clinical sample using Mac Conkey agar or blood agar with the goal of isolating colonies of the organism from ...

Appendectomy also known as appendicectomy is the removal of appendix through the surgical procedure. The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that protrudes out from the start of the colon. The inflammation causes a condition known as appendicitis. Appendectomy is done by use of spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia. A small cut is made from the right side of the stomach to get rid of the appendix. In the case of infection, the abdomen is washed during surgery. Some of the symptoms of appendicitis are pain around the stomach, fever, reduced appetite, diarrhea, and nausea. The patient is prepared before ...

Introduction

Recently, worldwide obesity prevalence has been raised rapidly and nearly doubled between 1980 and 2014, however in 2014 more than a half a billion of adult (18 years and older) were obese (11% men and 15% women) (WHO, 2014). Obesity and overweight are defined as excess body fat accumulation that leads to health risks and comorbidities. Adult weight can be classified based on the Body Mass Index. Hence, an individual having a BMI equal to or more than 25 is regarded as being overweight, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese ( ...

QUESTIONS ON BIOCHEMISTRY

Questions on Biochemistry Describe the difference between an obligate and a facultative aerobe. Obligate and facultative aerobes are the same in terms of their ability to use oxygen in their respiration process. However, obligate aerobes requires oxygen to oxidize substrates such as sugar and fat to produce ATP (energy). Obligate aerobes are more efficient in converting substrates to ATP. The key process in aerobic respiration is the conversion of sugar to ATP shown in reaction 1 below:

In the reaction 36 molecules of ATP is produced per molecule of glucose. It is actually a slow process which comprises 3 ...

A surgical technologist (ST) is a member of the surgical team who works together with the health professionals to ensure that all the medical operation procedures are conducted under the ideal conditions. A surgical technologist’s need to possess the following vital facets to building them up, accountability, responsibility, promptness, assertiveness, and teamwork. The team functions under the non-sterile capacities, which are the circulator and anesthetic providers, and sterile team who includes the surgeon, their assistants, and the surgical technologist. The surgical technologist plays a vital role in the three phases of the surgical patient care with little supervision. ...

Myelomeningocele is a very severe form of spina bifida among fetus. It is a condition where the spinal cord fails, making it a very delicate procedure during surgery of a fetus. This is in the sense that it can impact the nervous system, kidneys, bladder, muscles and bones. The only safe and recommended way of treating myelomeningocele is carrying out a surgery on the fetus after birth (Mitchell, et. al., 2004). During delivery of the fetus, the safest and recommended way of carrying out a cesarean section delivery on a pregnant woman is through open fetal surgery, that involves ...