Essays on Unemployment Insurance

Introduction

Gender equality is one of the most controversial and complicated issues that have plagued human societies for many years. In fact, the issue regarding gender equality has been an age-old problem that have prevailed even in the contemporary society. The problem in gender equality lies on the concept of equality itself, primarily because the concept of equality is too broad to be explicitly defined. The case of Stella Bliss, for example, is a manifestation that the concept of equality is subjective and depends on the prevailing perception on equality. According to the merits of the case, Stella Bliss, a ...

The term liberal refers to the process of supporting proposals for reforms, opening up to new ideas in pursuit of progress, and being accommodative of people’s ideas and behaviours, which can simply be regarded as being broad-minded. Classical liberalism, on the other hand, has been described as the notion that government engagement in matters of the economy within the marketplace does not serve to promote growth. In that, the market alone can be depended upon to regulate the economy by seeing to it that effective business people prosper while ineffective business people sublime. Therefore, the law of demand ...

Uiversity

Economic Outlook Economic Outlook provides detailed conjecture on progress, swelling, and equalization of finances, instalment parities, corporate revenue and a vast cluster of sectored markers. It provides expository viewpoint through clarification of the made forecast. This forecast helps companies like Apple in planning their goals as per economic megatrends. This economic outlook is apparently sponsored by vast crypt of confirmable and constantly overhauled prices of information. The accessibility of this database is to all administrative endorsers. The Government provides huge data on organizations and the associated diagrams. Additionally, there is provision of varied individual report pictures.

GDP changes and variations

The guardian of ...

Introduction

According to the International Labor Organization, unemployment is a phenomenon, which happens when the people, who currently don’t have a work are seeking for it (1982). The main indicator of unemployment situation in the country is unemployment rate, which shows the percentage of unemployed people in the total number of labor force (the number of all people of working age). It is calculated by dividing the number of the individuals, who don’t have work at the certain moment of time by all individuals able to work at the same moment of time (The Saylor Foundation). The unemployment ...

Discussion Post

Discussion Topic #1 Response Gross Domestic Product computes and calculates the total value of goods and services in the market. It is the process wherein based on the discussion, total goods production are being measured in a specific period within the legal market. It is true that the goods and services being produced distributed and sold in the black market is not included in the Gross Domestic Product measurement because the output of these goods and services does not have the proper documentation that makes it included in the GDP measurement. Additionally, incomes that are produced from these products ...

QUESTION 1

Mary is a Conscientious Moral Agent. Identify a moral argument or arguments that Mary can apply in this case. Use the facts of this case to explain the moral reasoning and moral principle(s) that Mary applies in this case.

ANSWER: Given the condition in which Mary was in, it is important that she addresses the situation as impartial as she can be. In this particular case, she should therefore forget that she is the mother of one of the students in the place of employment of one of their patients in the hospital who was having psychological health issues. ...

Question 1

A deferred benefit retirement plan is one which involves the submission of contributions by the employer to a kitty set aside to benefit the employee upon retirement. This plan is an works by the logic of the employer holding back some of the earnings made by the employee and holding them in trust on their behalf. A traditional approach to the defined benefits plan is one where workers accrue a promise of monthly remuneration starting the day of their retirement up to their the date of their death. Some plans cover both the employee and their spouses and as such the ...

Introduction

Among the different expenditure heads of the Federal Government, we are mainly concerned with Public Investment expenditures and Entitlement expenditures here. Public Investments expenditure is those as in public projects (building of roads, bridges, schools, hospitals etc.) which are direct investments. Expenditure is also incurred in indirect investments i.e. investments in sectors like Education, Healthcare, Food and Nutrition, R&D, etc. which may not show a direct value return as they are intangible, but are vital to nation building. On the other side, we have the entitlement expenses which is payable to beneficiaries who is entitled to them as per ...

1. Abstract In this research paper the main value has been put to find out the specific indicators of the acuity of job security in a number of corporate sectors and businesses. The important data has been collected through Government Reports to make a relation between job security and the measures taken by Employment Protection Legislation (EPL) and Unemployment Insurance Benefit (UIB). In this paper the acuity of job security has to be found in both public and private job sectors by following data analysis. Also the condition of labor market has been taken under consideration to find the same. ...

Social security and social insurance are important facets of governance of any country. A progressive social security and insurance system helps the government to reduce the risk of economic distress as the citizens have sufficient emergency funds. This paper will adeptly discuss the social security and insurance system of Switzerland and analyze its expenditure, population, health coverage, and reforms. Switzerland is one of the most progressive countries in the world. The World Economic Forum ranked the Switzerland as the most competitive economy in the world from 2008-2014 beating all other progressive economies such as the United States, Singapore ...

Biography on Steve Israel, a U.S. Representative for New York Steve Israel is a member of the U.S House of Representatives from the Third Congressional District of New York since 2001. Steve is a true leader. He values education. He respects the middle class and the low-income group. Even in the worst situations, Steve always raised his voice and stood up for his people. He has sponsored and co-sponsored numerous bills and voted in favor of several reforms that benefit the public to a great extent. He has been in power since 2001 and never misled his people. He introduced acts and ...

Part I: Decision-making and Philosophy

Unemployment and the legislator’s decision regarding the unemployment benefits Congressional republicans’ reluctance to extend the unemployment insurance, which led to its expiry on the 28 December last year, is cruel. The high unemployment rate caused by the 2008 recession prompted the government to expand the federal Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EUC) program. The expansion was aimed at providing some income for the long-term unemployed persons who had already exhausted the usual 26 weeks of the period of state benefits. The program was extended for a period of up to 99 weeks whiles the federal and states also collaborated to ...

Management

Did the Natural Rate of Unemployment Rise? Natural rate of unemployment: The concept of the natural rate of unemployment is proposed by Milton Friedman and Edmund Phelps. Natural rate of unemployment can be considered as the lowest rate of unemployment within an economy at which, the company can be survived for a longer period of time. As per the approach of natural unemployment, for the purpose of reducing the level of natural unemployment, the government should be able to accept a high degree of inflation of within the economy (Ostrup, 17) Natural rate of unemployment shows the unemployment in the ...

The natural rate of unemployment refers to level of unemployment existing when the economy is at full employment i.e. the labour market is at equilibrium. Stated otherwise, natural rate of employment is the level of unemployment that exist in healthy economy. At natural rate, the aggregate supply of labour is equal to the aggregate demand for labour. Every worker willing to work at the existing real wage is employed and involuntary unemployment is non-existent. Nonetheless, voluntary unemployment prevails since some workers will remain unemployed as they search for jobs offering higher wages or better working conditions. Structural unemployment is ...

The president of the United States of America is required under Article two of Section three of the United States Constitution to give a state of the union address to the nation. It is usually delivered once a year in January or February. The tradition began in 1790 when George Washington delivered a State of the union address before a joint sitting of the congress, usually in the House of Representatives. Thomas Jefferson discontinued the tradition, arguing that it was too monarchical in nature and it was replaced by a written report by the president. In the twentieth century President Woodrow Wilson re-established the ...

The natural rate of full employment

Major macroeconomic aims of any government include minimized inflation, balance of payments equilibrium and full employment. Full employment means very low unemployment. Although in any country there will be some unemployment resulting from college graduates and other people looking for new jobs, economic analysts suggest that a rate of employment up to 3 percent can be termed as full employment. Full employment means that the macro economy of a country is currently operating at its full capacity. It means there is no incidence of output gap or demand deficient unemployment. Frictional unemployment refers to unemployment that is constantly present within ...

Introduction

The United States Department of Labor website provides full information about current regulations existing in the labor industry. This website is an important resource for all employees because it avails a host of information that regulate their daily activities. The website shows the employee benefits stipulated by the federal government and also directs employers on how they are supposed to treat and remunerate their employees.

Question 1

This website has several features that can be used in monitoring the benefits of employees. First of all, it provides the guidelines on the standard wages to be paid to employees as set in Fair ...

Full employment refers to a circumstance where by all available labor are being utilized in the most economical and efficient way. Thus, it encompassed the highest levels of both skilled and unskilled labor that was absorbed in an economy at some specific point in time. In that case, the residual unemployment was considered frictional. Full employment can be realized within any economy, though it may lead to an inflationary period. Frictional unemployment refers to the levels of unemployment when employees switch between jobs while still in the labor force; either due to redundancy or in search for new employment. ...

INTRODUCTION

Before 2006, the social security management was constructed as three different institutions. One was involving with the workers(SSK-Social Security Institution), one with the public servants(Emekli Sandıgı) and one with the self-employed workers(BAGKUR). In 2006, the system changed and all the three institutions have been transformed into one institution (SGK). The change has influenced how the social security services are supplied to the people. Before 2006, people could apply to the different health service places and other social security service places depending on their type. The most efficient one was the Emekli Sandıgı for the ...

For your assigned country collect the following Data/other information:

- Social Security Expenditures: A historical perspective and a graph for it. The first laws regarding social welfare in Poland were passed in the 18th century that gave each citizen the right to social security. In the late 1980s, the country spent almost 20% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on welfare. After the fall of communism in 1990 and the transition of the People’s Republic of Poland to the current Third Polish Republic, the social security spending in Poland rose. This led to the growth of the welfare state because of large public expectations on social need. ...

1.Social Security Expenditures: A historic viewpoint. Throughout the 1980s, the social security expenditure in Greece dates back to the historic times. The welfare system in Greece has integrated vital legislative laws and acts. After the democracy reestablishment in the year 1974, objectives related social security issues have a new definition, and new policies are present with the aim of expanding social security insurance coverage. This coverage has tried to balance resource reallocations and region inequalities in relation to low income and lower classes. The main objective of the balance is clear in the Greece legislative acts. From the year ...

Introduction

Since the second decade of the 20th century, Italy has provided its citizens with a comprehensive social security program that helps to provide needed health care benefits and funding to individuals that are too old or too disabled to remain in the workforce. Italy’s social security system shares a many similarities with other European nations, particularly with nations that are members of the European Union. As a result, an examination of Italy’s social security program would likely provide valuable insights that could be somewhat applicable to the systems in other European nations. The following pages will outline a comprehensive analysis of ...

Social Security and Social Insurance Research of Chile

This study is dedicated to overview of the social security and social insurance system of Chile. This country performed transition to personal accounts system and social security privatization over 30 years ago. Many researches consider this reform as a big success, because it made the country economy stronger, financial system healthier and provided more protection to the taxpayers. But there’re also some serious issues in the social security system. - Social Security Expenditures: A historical perspective and a graph for it. Chile was one of the pioneer countries in the Western hemisphere that introduced state social security coverage. ...

In this paperwork, I am going to demonstrate my understanding about Federal Unemployment Tax Act. I will start by defining the phrase Federal Unemployment Tax Act. The Federal Unemployment Tax Act is defined as the innovative legislation that permits the federal government to tax companies with staffs with the objective of collecting revenue that is owed to state unemployment agencies and paid to unemployed workers who are entitled to maintain unemployment cover. Employers are required by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act to file IRS Form 940 yearly in combination with paying this tax (Instructions for Form 940, Employer’s ...

International trade forms a very important part of every economy’s financial structure. Trade activities and negotiations with other countries are the main source of earning foreign currency and also strengthening ties and building international relationships. Such activities come under the purview of the World Trade Organization, which is the regulatory authority and organization to ensure that fair practices prevail between all countries of the world. International trade can also be seen as a participative activity in which developed as well as developing economies both are actively involved. However, it is vital to note that, in many cases, developing countries are ...

- What was the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario and when was it established? Having felt the need of company that could build transmission line to conduct electricity to the province of Ontario, Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario was established. Its main purpose was to build transmission lines to transmit electricity to province that was generated by private companies. It was established on 1906. 2. What was CNR and during which years was it created? CNR stands for Canadian National Railway. CNR is one of the largest first class railway extended over 12,900 miles route ...

1. What was the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario and when was it established? The Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario is the world’s first publicly-owned electric utility established in 1906 to provide electrification in Ontario. In 1974, it was renamed as Ontario Hydro. 2. What was CNR and during which years was it created? Established in 1923, the Canadian National Railways (CNR) is the largest freight railroad that provides transportation and intermodal service in North America. It is a government-initiated merger of four lines, namely, the Grand Trunk, Grand Trunk Pacific, Canadian Northern and National Transcontinental. ...

1. What was the Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario and when was it established? It is a body formed in 1906 to build transmission lines in order to supply electricity to municipal utilities with the electric power from a private power generator already in operation at Canadian Niagara Fall. 2. What was CNR and during which years was it created? Canadian National Railway It is a public company formed by Canadian gorverment back in the year 1918 to serve the purpose of transporting persons and goods within the and acted as a source of revenue to Canadian gorverment.. 3. ...

The natural rate of unemployment can be defined as the rate of unemployment prevailing when the aggregate labor supply is in balance with the demand for labor in the market. At this level of unemployment, all potential employees willing to work at prevailing real wage rates would have been employed, hence there is no involuntary unemployment. This natural unemployment consists of structural and frictional unemployment. Frictional unemployment on the other hand can be defined as the unemployment that exists in an economy when workers are in the process of transiting from one job to another. An employee may ...

For the purpose of our discussion I have chosen an article which was published in one of the recent editions of the Economist magazine. In the article author describes the initiative of Mexican government to apply changes to the taxation system by introducing tax reform. Major changes in income tax and VAT regulations majorly will affect country’s middle class, which will have to change its buying habits if the reform is introduced. According to the author, tax reform may have serious impact on both consumers and corporate sector. Companies will be prohibited from using tax consolidation – a technique ...

Introduction

France has a broad social security system, which covers injuries at work, healthcare, old age pensions, death benefits and unemployment insurance. The scheme, which was introduced in 1945 was projected to cover the whole population. In the EU, France has been ranked top among other countries in its expenditure on welfare. France spends about E200 billion every year on social security, which is higher than what the country produces. Employee contributions are made by the employee themselves while employers also pay a certain percentage for their employees. However, for the self employed, they pay their contributions in full. The French social ...

Social Security Expenditures: A historical perspective

Social security is a collection of public programs that are aimed at maintaining, protecting, and raising basic livelihood for citizens in a given country. Canada is one of the countries in the globe that employed social security after World War one with the aim of protecting individual’s and family’s income inadequacy that was extremely influenced by high levels of illnesses, accidents, pregnancies, disabilities, deaths, absence of breadwinners, unemployment, retirement among other factors. The main impact on the imposition of social security in Canada was the British North America Act of 1971. The main impact of the World War ...

Introduction4

Social Security Expenditures: A Historical Perspective5 Social Security Payment System.7 Dependency Ratio..8 Income Distribution among the Aged Population..9

Structure of Social Security Tax, Employers & Employees Contribution.9

Structure of Social Security Benefits10 Retirement Age and Benefits11 Conclusion11 List of Figures and Tables Dependency Ratio in Germany over time13 Introduction Germany is a federal state. Federalism entails assigning tasks to those layers of the government which are best fit to solve them. For example, issues of local nature are decentralised to the local level, where relevant information is most likely to be available and local preferences can be voiced. Municipalities are ...

Affiliated School;

Is the widespread unemployment experienced in recent years the worst in the U.S. history or have there been times in the past when the national unemployment rate was higher? What is the current unemployment rate in the U.S.? Has the unemployment rate risen or fallen over past year? What do you think the U.S. unemployment rate will be one year from now? Explain your point of view Unemployment is a situation where people are out of work and are actively looking for work. There are several types of unemployment varying from structural, frictional, cyclical, disguised and temporary unemployment, they ...

The 2016 presidential election in the United States marks the 58th quadrennial elections since the declaration of independence and it will be held on 8th November 2016(David, "The 2016 Election, Already Upon Us). The 22nd amendment in the US constitution stipulates that a president only serves for two terms and this locks out the incumbent president, Barack Obama from vying (Cillizza, "The long campaign is over. Get ready for the next”). The election is expected to be a tight race between the republicans and the democrats. During the recent elections held on 6th November 2012, the incumbent president Barack ...

According to the United States Department of Labor unemployment insurance is a kind of compensation given for those categories of workers, who are unemployed but not because their own fault. Such benefits are given during a specific period of time or till the time a worker finds a new job (United States Department of Labor, 2010). Besides, apart from regular unemployment insurance, which can be used up to 26 weeks, there are extended unemployment benefits and they are applied to those categories of workers, who exceed the time framework of the regular unemployment insurance during the time of high unemployment rate. Claims for ...

The article “Recent Layoffs in a Fragile Labor Market” by Rob Valletta and Katherine Kuang discusses the alarming indications of the labor market weakening, which might be a sign of the beginning of the new economic slow-down. Authors’ conclusions are based on the increase of the claims for unemployment insurance, which usually signal a rise in unemployment due to employers’ pessimistic predictions of the future. The pattern of unemployment boost can be also observed from the results of the Current Population Survey (CPS), and Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). Moreover, the split between state/ local government sector and private-sector employees ...

Abstract

The concept of Ageism began in 1866 and is currently seen today as a prejudice and stereotyping of adults towards young teens and adults. Most of this somewhat antagonistic behavior of adults can mostly be seen by young teens and adults when inside the workplace. With the rapid decline of companies accepting aged adults and elderly in the work force, they are forced to have limited income, a huge number of bills and expenses and a strained problem of age discrimination especially if they are in the workforce. This paper will discuss a little background of age discrimination and the reasons why there ...

Abstract

Ageism was spotted in 1866 and it is seen today with multiple stereotypes and prejudice of the elderly and it is especially observed in the workplace. Our aged population with limited income, yet bearers of a number of bills, including rising cost in utilities, medical care, and medications are faced with the stress and suffering of age discrimination in the workforce. This paper will review the history of age discrimination and discuss cases in which employees favor the young and terminate the old.

Ageism is a growing problem and concern and has become a negative societal workplace trend for older adults. Although ...

Abstract

This research proposal outlines measures to be undertaken in exploring the unintended consequences of unemployment. The researcher wishes to advance the assumption that unemployment is inevitably linked to serious economic and social dysfunctions occurring within the confines of Social Structure. Many of these irregularities are obvious, but others are rather insidious and concealed. Together they define the unintended consequences of unemployment. Unintended consequences of unemployment from the perspective of this researcher embodies a conceptual framework explaining all psychosocial factors, medical elements and subsequent descriptive emergent variables that adequately represent a sequel of events for which unemployment is inevitably the underlying force. ...

UNEMPLOYMENT AND ITS UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES

Introduction

The world has been overwhelmed by more unpredictable economic circumstances recently, perhaps best evidenced by global financial crisis (Barry, 2005). As such, when economies cycle between booms, recessions and even outright depressions, unemployment both of productive resources, especially, capital remains a factor that many people as well as governments must content with, at any times of their nation’s history and career life.

This is especially so given the massive global population expansions which have hardly been matched by increased education and skills acquisition, effectively leaving huge proportions of the population vulnerable to staying unemployed at the slightest upheaval ...