Gene Article Reviews Samples For Students

Superbugs: The Bright Side

The term ‘superbug’ is grossly scary to the general public and is used for a resistant strain/species of a micro-organism that does not die easily. Such species are known to have developed a gene/segment of a gene that imparts the resistance to antibiotics and related drugs. These genes/gene segments are closed loops of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the genetic material present in humans as well as bacteria. In many bacteria, this DNA is not present inside the nucleus (as is the case with humans). However, it is present in the cytoplasm (extra-chromosomal DNA) and is called as plasmid. Scientists have developed plasmids with ‘artificially ...

Eukaryotic organisms’ cells are composed of different types of primary and processed RNAs. These RNAs are locally found in the nucleus, cytosol or throughout the cells. To understand the function of RNA as a type of protein, RNA profiling has been carried out leading to the birth of a genomic project known as “ENCODE or the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements”. The goal of the project is to identify and characterize functional elements that are present in the genes (Djebali et al.).
In the paper Landscape of Transcription in Human Cells the study tries to answer the general question: should the ...

1. What are the 2 types of fibers found in muscle? What is the difference between the two in terms of function?

Slow Twitch (Type I)
This type is more efficient in oxygen usage and production of ATP, for continuous and long
activities. In comparison with fast twitch fibers they are slower but they get tired much later or
in other words they can work for a long time before they get fatigue.

Fast Twitch (Type II)

These fibers, in comparison with slow twitch fibres are better in production of strength or
speed than the slow twitch fibers, but they ...

“How Will Genetic Technology Shape Personalized Medicine?”By Colleen Cancio, published on Discovery Fit & Health online magazine, gives a brief insight into personalized medicine. Initially, Cancio observes that contrary to the general perception, the practice of personalized medicine dates back to the ancient times of Hippocrates. He states that Hippocrates prescribed different elixirs to different patients (Cancio). In general, Cancio focuses briefly on three aspects: background information on genetic technology and personalized medicine, the genetic technology that are being applied currently in the practice of personalized medicine, challenges of their use in personalized medicine, and how they will influence healthcare ...

Bladder cancer has been shown to respond to therapies focusing on the immune system and may thus represent a good candidate for the use of retroviral models designed to encode for antitumor genes associated with the immune system, such as the ProT gene. ProtT stimulates T cell formation and suppresses the development of tumors. In an animal study, Shiau et al evaluated the efficacy of prothymosin alpha (ProT) as gene therapy for the treatment of bladder cancer. The researchers created a recombinant retrovirus carrying the ProT gene and injected it into mice along with bladder cancer cells. The mice on which ...

Gene Editing Techniques

1. Gene Editing – General Background
Gene editing entails inserting, deleting and replace the DNA in a genome of an organism utilizing engineered nucleases. Sections of the natural gene are replaced and completed using a synthetic DNA chain. Also, the natural repair process gets rid of the mismatches and gaps in the DNA. On the other hand, gene disruption is a technique by which the DNA fragment is utilized to replace a genome sequence with a chosen marker gene like the kanavanine resistance. DNA –binding proteins are proteins that consist of DNA-binding domains and hence have affinity for single and ...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis.
mTOR stands for mammalian target ...

The article titled “Mediation Has Power to Influence Your Gene” by Christopher Bergland gives a summary of the findings of two researchers conducted to investigate the relationship between meditation and pain. The first research explored by the article was conducted by a group of Scientist from Spain and France. According to Christopher, it was the first study to establish that there was an alteration of gene expressions in individuals practicing mindfulness mediation. The article reported that the comparison of gene alterations was done between experienced mediators who had undergone intensive mediation and untrained control participants who were involved in non meditative ...

is this in the references?

Assignment 1: Molecular Cell Biology

3001BPS Molecular Cell Biology 2012
Assignment 1
Instructions: Use onlythe 9pages and spaces as provided. Type all textusing at least 10 point font. Diagrams should be hand drawn.
PART A

Genetic studies for identifying genes involved in lysosome biogenesis led to the identification of a gene encoding a novel protein of approximately 80 kDa. An antibody was raised in rabbits to investigate the subcellular localisation of the protein using both immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold electron microscopy. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to a known lysosomallumenal protein, hydrolase , were used as controls in these experiments. The results ...

The article titled “The biology of cancer testis antigens: Putative function, regulation and therapeutic potential” gives an account of Cancer Testis Antigens (CTA) and their presence in human tumors of distinct histological origin. CTA are reliable for the administration of immunotherapeutic approaches due to their restricted patterns . Several clinical trials have already been conducted for the development of CTA-based vaccination therapies. Researchers were able to discover over 70 families of CTA from 140 individuals worldwide. According to the authors, while it is possible to extract a majority of the CTA during the process of spermatogenesis, the core function of ...

Critical analysis

The present study is based on the metagenomics that shows a promising potential to reveal the hidden interactive networks among various species, be it ecological or metabolic. The article present a study conducted by Raes and co-workers (2011), in which they performed research using Global Ocean Survey (GOS) of metagenomic data and ocean samples across the globe. Though only dominant species were sampled in the study, it produced a distinct set of data that facilitated the molecular trait-based ecological studies. The authors have claimed that certain climatic factors drive the functional community compositions. For further investigation, they performed functional ...

Connective tissue growth factor induces collagen I expression in human lung fibroblasts through the Rac1/MLK3/JNK/AP-1 pathway

Many lung inflammatory diseases present pulmonary fibrosis as one of the symptoms, which is characterized by shortness of breath, chronic coughing and discomfort in the chest. It causes modifications of the lung tissues due to overgrowth, hardening and scarring. This occurs mainly due to deposition of collagen, an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, whose turnover is regulated by fibroblast. Fibroblast is an important cell regulator that is enlisted by a site of injury. This process is driven by release of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-8/CXCL8.
Previously, fibroblast was thought to express no or very ...

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, a main cause of worldwide AIDs, belongs to the Lentivirus genus of Retroviridae family. Pathogen causes chronic type of symptoms, taking a long time of latency it constantly keeps replicating inside human body. HIV is categorised into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2. The genome of this retrovirus consists of two single-stranded RNA molecules. Though, both are involved in AIDS, HIV-2 seemed less virulent and demonstrated more frequent connections with the disease of central nervous system (Fanales-Belasio et al. 5).
Like other retroviruses, the genes located on HIV chromosome are gag, pol, env. The functions of gag, pol ...

Introduction

In multicellular organisms, the cell divisions occur under the control of strict control of internal and external signals. However, cancer involves an uncontrolled growth of cells. The branch of medicine that deals with the study of cancer and tumors is known as oncology. A tumor is an abnormal mass of cells that may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body while, malignant tumors can spread from the original site known as the primary site to other organs establishing secondary tumors.
According to their tissue of origin, cancers are classified as ...

The article’s topic talks about ways in which multiple traits undergo adaptive evolution using multiple mutations at a single gene. This is an important topic because different scientists have been coming up with varying theories regarding adaptive evolution. For example, Darwin claimed that adaptation only happens in the presence of slight successive variations. In supporting Darwin’s idea, Fisher, a scientist asserted that mutations tend to be pleiotropic in nature thus causing varying effects in relating population. Therefore, the topic is essential in assessing the effect of mutations as well as their pleiotropic effect (Linnen, Poh, Peterson, Barrett, Larson, Jensen & ...

Despite the relative lack of information on the future implications of stem-cell therapies, research has sped ahead (Daley, et al. 793). As an example of the rapid pace of research, the International Society for Stem Cell Research, arguably the biggest international professional organization involved in stem cell research, has been obliged to update its guidelines three times in ten years (Daley, et al. 787). The purpose of this paper is to present some of the controversies evoked by stem cell research and therapies.
One of the reasons given for the rapid uptake of stem cell therapies is the appeal ...

Introduction

Trillions of microbes constitute the “Metagenome” of the human gut. This is the organ called microbiome, which is highly essential, and offers the host benefits such as metabolic abilities, pathogen protection, immune system enhancement, and GI tract developmental modulations (De Fillipo, et al.).
In their study, three questions regarding the evolution of the human microbiota have been raised. They are: (1) how does the partitioning of bacterial diversity between and within two populations studied? (2) Does there exist a correlation between the diet and bacterial diversity?; and (3) considering the varied geography and hygienic conditions, what is the bacterial ...

In an article published in Clinical and translational science, researchers have reported that with the help of genomic science, knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of human conditions have increased. It helps us in knowing the role of genes and their networks in the development of diseases. Genomic science also helped in understanding of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which is a chronic, progressive and disturbing scarring of the lung parenchyma, and whose cause and treatment still need further studies. Research in genomic science has helped in making diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, and potential biomarkers for the assessment ...

As a potential carrier of a gene for an unpreventable condition, I would definitely want to know my real status. The basic reason is that knowledge of the disease might mean that I would be able to spend more productive years of life as opposed to coming down with the disease later in life. I might also be able to prevent transmitting the condition to my children if I know my status.
As regards pre- and post-test counseling, I believe that it is necessary for a pre-test counseling to be done for any individual who is about to take a genetic test. ...