Astronomy Research Papers Samples For Students

At what level were women participating in the sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, engineering, etc.) in the 18th and 19th centuries
The question about the role and contribution of women in science has been a key research question in many studies. Women in sciences have also evolved into being a course that one can take at a university level. It is an important question to understand the role of women in science in 18th and 19th century. The most import thing to understand what as the significant contribution that women played during the two centuries. This research looks at the ...

Part 1

Principle of physical science is the procedure and the concepts employed by the people who study the inorganic world. There are challenges that come up when the scientists try to measure the organic world. One of the challenges that the scientists face when trying to measure the organic world is because some of the things are God created and there is no measure that can be applied. For example it becomes extremely hard for an astronomer to try and count the number of stars in the sky or the difference in distance between one star and the other. The ...

What is IR?

IR or infrared is an electromagnetic radiation, one of radiations of light. This radiation has the longest wavelength in comparison with other visible light waves and less in comparison with radio waves, starting from the red edge of visible light up to 1mm. Due to the fact that infrared has the longest wavelength it contains the most thermal energy. Approximately more than half of the thermal energy from sun is received in form of infrared radiations, therefore the balance in emitted and absorbed radiations has great role in earth’s climate.

What is UV?

UV or Ultraviolet is also one of the ...

Introduction

Our galaxy, the star system of our solar system, is called the Milky Way. The Milky Way is a grand cluster of stars visible in the sky as a bright band of fog. In the ancient Greek, the word "galaktikos" means "milk", "milky", so the Milky Way and stellar systems similar to it are called galaxies. In our galaxy, there are more than 200 billion stars of very different luminosity and color ("The Milky Way Galaxy - 200 billion stars", 2016).
The Solar neighborhood is the volume of the galaxy, where we can observe and study the stars of ...

The origins of word ‘astrology’ lies in the Latin word ‘astrologia’ which means ‘account of the stars’ (Harper). The advocates of Astrology attempted to define astrology as the form of symbolic language, a form of art, a science and a kind of method of divination (Dietrich, p.305). Astrology can be defined as the study of the relationship between the positions and movements of the stars and other celestial bodies and the life which is present on the Earth. The Astrology is based on the assumption that there exists a positive correlation between the astronomical phenomena and events that take place on the Earth ...

Abstract

Ever since the understanding of the phenomenon of the Big Bang, scientists have put I all their energies to understand the functioning of all the objects that make our universe. While most of these objects can be seen and observed, Black Holes make for a mystery much difficult to discern. Nevertheless, after years of hard work and energy, scientists and astronomers have managed to establish certain facets of black holes. One of the most important discovery in this respect has been the relationship between Black Holes and the Galaxies. It has now become an established fact that most galaxies, if ...

Introduction

The Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) is an infrared observatory gadget and program that was launched into the earth’s orbit on 25th August 2003 at 13:35:39 UTC-5 (Romana et al. 2). The telescope was a milestone in astronomy as it is specifically used to study the creation of the universe, creation and advancement of primordial galaxies, chemical evolution of galaxies, and origin of stars and planets (Romana et al. 2). The set up has an 85cm Ritchey-Chretien telescope that is cryogenically cooled and operating at temperatures that are as low as 5.5K. The CTA (Cryogenic Telescope Assembly) contains the CT ( ...

Facts about the Earth

The Earth is the third planet from the Sun. It is situated at the distance of about 93 million miles from the parental star. The Earth`s orbit is elliptical. The Sun, the Moon as well as all the stars rise in the East and set in the West due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The Sun and the Moon moving together create the eclipse, when the Moon stands between the Earth and the Sun we see a solar eclipse, at that moment the Moon passes in front of the Sun obscuring it. In the ...

Introduction

A black hole is a region in space-time, the gravitational attraction which is so large that it can not leave even objects moving at the speed of light, including photons of light itself. The boundary of this region is called the event horizon, and its characteristic dimension - the gravitational radius. In the simplest case of a spherically symmetric black hole Schwarzschild radius is equal to it.
Theoretically, the possible existence of such regions of space-time should be of some exact solutions of Einstein's equations, the first of which was obtained by Karl Schwarzschild in 1915. The exact inventor of ...

Introduction to gamma-ray bursts

The universe is made up of many objects some of which scientists have managed to discover while others are yet to be discovered. Gamma-ray bursts form the highest and most complicated cosmic events present in the universe. These are high-energy explosions discovered during the cold war by astronomers. The discovery was made after the United States suspected the soviets could test nuclear weapons in space. They installed satellites in the space that detected gamma-ray flashes. It was until 1997 when astronomers discovered that gamma-ray bursts are caused by explosions of young energetic stars found in the distant galaxies. These ...

The Islamic Golden Age is a historical time that lasted before the 1258. It is an Abbasid period in existence before the Mongolian invasion and conquest of Baghdad. Islamic Historians trace the beginning of the period to the 8th century. It lasted between Muhammad’s eras in 700 AD to 1200 AD. It is one of the most important periods in the Islamic history in which developments during the period brought about an Islamic Renaissance and contributions to the uncivilized period. The Abbasid Caliphate (Muslim religious leaders and a succession of the prophet) ruled over the Muslim subjects in Baghdad, a new ...

Introduction

The events that shape the contemporary fabric of society often seem new. The challenges and issues that the society faces today have been looked at from the perspective that they have not been experienced anywhere before. The passage of time may momentarily erase the interconnected nature of human behavior and activity, but history often becomes the constant reminder. Numerous occurrences can trace their origins and causes in history. History thus plays the crucial role of providing insights on past occurrences and their influence on the modern society. This then offers a probable channel of pursuing solutions and experience for ...

During the early years of the 14th century, most of the western civilizations are active in spreading their Christian faith. They have travel half way across the globe in order to fulfill their religious duties as well as expand their political territories. Religion has been powerful during this time and anyone who opposes their beliefs is commonly punished (Henry 3). However, there are also some who are taking the odds against religion and looking up into the sky for answers about the cosmos and other realities of life. These people are the creators and initiators of the modern science ...

The scientific revolution of the 17th century is strongly associated with the name of a genius scholar Isaak Newton. His contribution to the world’s scientific thought can hardly be overestimated.
Born in 1642 on the Christmas night in Woolsthhorpe, which is situated in Lincolnshire, England, the child was destined to change the world and become the culminating figure in the revolution of scientific knowledge. A genius as he was, Isaak Newton left his legacy in every fundamental area of that time science: mathematics, mechanics, optics and astronomy.
Isaak stepped into this world in the farmer’s family ...

Described as a man of the first many in terms of his inventions and accomplishments, Benjamin Banneker was the first self-educated African-American born in 1731 in an enslaved family. Both of Benjamin Banneker parents were free people considering that his mother was a daughter of an English woman named Mary, who got married to a slave Bannka after she had freed him. Therefore, Benjamin was able to elude the cruelty that many African-Americans went through as slaves and even had the privilege of attending a Quaker school while staying with his maternal grandmother. In that, he began his education ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

200 Years of Eastern and Western Medicine and Science

200 Years of Eastern and Western Medicine and Science – Comparison of Developments between 1800-1900
1 Introduction
Thesis Statement: The period between 1800-1900 marked the evolution of Eastern and Western science and a significant cultural exchange that laid the foundation of modern day globalized science.
The purpose of this paper is to trace the development of science and medicine across two centuries in both the East and the West. The timeframe that has been selected for the study extends across the 19th to the 20th century which is a very ...

Introduction

The Effects of Scientific Revolution on Religion has been a very critical topic in such fields as history, philosophy and other social sciences. The scientific revolution, arguably one of the most important developments in human history is a movement that substantially shook the foundations of religion (Wolfe & Wolfe, 2011). The primary purpose of this topic, is to narrow down the broad topic of the effects of scientific revolution in such a manner that such effects are viewed from the perspective of the medieval religious structures, and not from the eye of the entire humanity. I chose to discuss this topic because it ...

Introduction

During this time when child labor was rampant, several organizations came up to rescue the children from this injustice, and this led to the establishment of different learning centers. The result of the establishment of schools in the early 1900s saw significant changes in an education system that was made available and accessible to the children across the nation (Fraser, 2014).
In late 1800 when it was now approaching the 19th century, it is notable that the number of public schools was mushrooming, and several nations saw the necessity for school attendance. By the period of the early ...

Introduction

Banking, financial, and even insurance-issuing institutions were badly hit by the global financial crisis that happened in 2007 to 2008. It created a serious domino effect that eventually took its toll on the U.S. Federal Government. The struggling dollar and U.S. economy—the world’s largest economy in terms of GDP, led to a serious wave of financial and stock market corrections that were felt globally, especially in countries whose economy is largely dependent on U.S. commodity and financial supply and consumption. The ultimate effect of the global financial crisis of 2009 was an increased uncertainty and negativity in the financial ...

Introduction

When the first crude telescopes grazed the vast space, the 17th century and astronomers such as Kepler and Galileo was already making discoveries of such as the moon craters, the rings of the planet Saturn, and the giant planet Jupiter. These discoveries paved the way for a more extensive exploration of the cosmos, which was ultimately revolutionized by the birth of the Hubble telescope. In April 1990, word’s most advanced space telescope named after the astronomer Edwin P. Hubble was launched at 353 miles above the earth’s surface with a mission to see deeper into space and beyond. The ...

Since the beginning of the early civilizations, man tried to understand the world around him and why events take place. Some tried to put symbols to non-living things and even on natural occurrences, while many turned to religion to explain the meaning of life and the mystery behind the creation story. However, there were a few who deviated from this unyielding faith in religious preaching and sought to answer the world’s many mysteries through their own studies. In Europe, this desire to solve these mysteries escalated into a conflict between religion and science that resulted to the advent of the ...

The story of women in science and technology throughout the ages is a deeply inspirational account of how a class of females, most of whose names have been lost through the great annals of time, helped change the world for the better. How can a lot of people have missed this truth? It seems, as one will reflect upon the current stature of women folk in society these days, that there has been a deliberate gap in introducing the concept to the populace. Most people have never heard about them. How come?
In this present time and age where -- throughout the ...

Natural disasters occur in the planet from time to time. One of the greatest natural hazards that places on Earth can experience is the typhoon. A typhoon is a dangerous natural disaster which could bring great amount of devastation. In 2013, the Philippines experienced a major disaster due to the typhoon named Haiyan, based on its international name, which is considered as one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded. The purpose of this research paper is to discuss the hazard and impact of the typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. This paper also opts to analyze the mitigation strategy and the recovery ...

Annotated Bibliography

Cline, Duane A. Navigation in the Age of Discovery: An Introduction. Rogers, AR: Montfleury, 1990.
This book provides an analysis of the tools used by navigators during the early days of the discovery age. These includes the challenges faced by the early navigators in their attempt to understand the rough waters and overcome the challenges of a rough and dangerous voyage..
Koeman, C. Flemish and Dutch Contributions to the Art of Navigations in the XVIth Century. Lisboa: Instituto De Investigação Científica Tropical, 1988.
This book provides some of the major contributions of the Dutch to ...

Introduction

On the territory of a country, which is now called the Arab Republic of Egypt, in ancient times one of the most powerful and mysterious civilizations, which for centuries and millennia like a magnet attracted the attention of contemporaries, emerged. At a time, when the era of primitive Stone Age hunters dominated in Europe and America, the ancient Egyptian engineers were constructing irrigation facilities along the River Nile, the ancient Egyptian mathematics were calculating square base and the angle of slope of the Great Pyramids, the ancient Egyptian architects were building grand temples, which greatness cannot be diminished by the time.
...

The contribution of Alfred Wegener

William C. McCullough
LAIS 370 History of Science
Colorado School of Mines
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of Alfred Wegener in the discovery of the Plates tectonics theory. It is believed that the modern day plate tectonics theory is an advancement of continental drift theory which was discovered by Wegener. The study will seek to explore his efforts and contribution to modern science and how he has helped to shape the world.

Overview

Plate tectonics also known as continental drift theory describes that the earth was at one time many years back a super continent whereby ...

Properties of life on earth

Earth is a planet that supports life, but what in real sense enables it to do that? In this part of the essay earth’s properties that enable it to support life is what will be looked at.
First, we are in the zone that scientists have named the ‘Goldilocks zone’. Earth is in this small region found in space where the temperatures are sufficiently cold to take a grip of water short of it boiling, moreover sufficiently warm letting it remain in the liquid form.
Secondly, the atmosphere contains 20% of oxygen, which sanctions our breathing. Other gases ...

Introduction

Pythagoras theorem is named after a Greek mathematician Pythagoras who lived in 475BC. Despite the theorem being named after him, he was not the only ancient person who came up or probably used the theorem because the Babylonians and used it in ancient civilization. In the theorem Pythagoras creates a relationship between the hypotenuse and two sides of a right angled triangle as a2 + b2 = c2. Later on, mathematician from north Europe came up with Pythagoras triples to simplify on ways of obtaining sides of right angled triangles. As years went by, different mathematicians came up with different was of proofing the ...

Introduction

The subject about time and how time travels is really very fascinating. What is time? What is time travel? Is time travel really possible? We naturally know what time is since we sense it every day but we cannot seem to completely define it. The question of time travel is also very hard to answer. A deeper question is to ask if time is real. Another is to know if time just moves into one direction only. Does time have a beginning or an end? Up to now, we have never truly answered these questions with great satisfaction. By merely ...

Abstract

Children’s knowledge of earth possesses the potential to unravel their understanding of scientific concepts in the young age. Researchers have claimed that children prepare earth’s mental models which are coherent in nature. However, the understanding of earth of children is related to their age as has been indicated in recent research and the older children demonstrate improved understanding of the spherical shape of earth whereas younger children believes earth to be disc shaped. This study establishes this fact by testing 214 children, out of which 107 were of age group 5 to 6 and 107 were of ...

What is the Book of Jubilees?

The Book of Jubilees is an ancient religious text which is not part of the Bible but which is deemed to be an apocryphal text which actually covers most of the Ground of the Genesis book in the Bible. It does differ substantially from what we find in the authorative text and tackles certain aspects rather differently. A typical example would be the incestuous relationship that one may find between the son of Adam and Eve, Cain and his wife which is not the case in the Bible but which makes for rather interesting reading.
Basically the Jubilees ...

Abstract

Children’s knowledge of earth has the potential to shed light on their understanding of scientific concepts in the young age. Researchers have claimed that children construct mental models of earth which are coherent in nature. However, the understanding of earth of children is related to their age as has been indicated in recent research and the older children demonstrate better understanding of the spherical shape of earth whereas younger children believes earth to be disc shaped. This study establishes this fact by testing 214 children, out of which 107 are younger (5 to 6 years in age) and ...

Introduction

Despite the fact that there is a lot of science involved in today’s time and calendar management, the start of this journey was based on very flexible logic, one of the earliest Roman Calendars was based on a thirty day lunar cycle and included an eight-day market week. In reality this eight-day week did not have any scientific logic but was based on the fact that this was the time taken for processing of Goat’s cheese. The first calendar included four months of thirty days each and March, April, May and June were the months that were named based ...