Protocol Course Works Samples For Students

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Purpose and function of TCP/IP

The Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite is a set of protocols that describe the functions necessary for sending data over a network. These protocols define acceptable data formats and standards for passing messages, handling errors and for communication. The suite provides the foundation for many crucial services such as file transfer, electronic mail, remote login, network monitoring among others[ CITATION Tan03 \l 1033 ]. It is designed to separate the functions of the various facets of data transmission. International open standards make is possible for different companies to write software that is compatible. When data is ...

ABSTRACT

With the growth in computer networks that are used in organizations, there is a need to have a way in which networks are managed and monitored. This phenomenon is taking shape as more and more companies develop new applications to sustain their networks. There different types of traffic that are found to be traversing computer networks need to be monitored. SNMP management console is one of Network Instruments application that brings cross-platform SNMP standards to the Observer. Network administrators and consultants will find SNMP management tools important in the monitoring, diagnosis and repair of networks. Network monitoring helps in having continued ...

Abstract

A large amount of the existing research work that has been carried in mobile networking are mainly based on the assumption that there is an existence of a path between the sender and the receiver. Decentralized mobile systems are however exemplified by network partitions and this has been one of the main driving factors towards the study and implementation of the fully context-aware protocols. This protocol is mainly based on the fact that nodes can be exploited as carrier of messages in the network partitions in order to attain delivery of network components. The nodes in context aware protocol can ...

CISCO SWITCHES AND ROUTERS

VLAN

Before beginning anything regarding switch installation and set up, there is need to read and understand the vendors’ instructions concerning the same (Ouellet et al, 2002). Before attachment of the switch to the cluster VLAN, its IP address should be configured. Once this has been done, the switches firmware codes are then updated and the name and logging style set. The installation plan dictates the Chassis maximum transfer unit (Stallings, 2007). This should be set as well a plan that is developed to point to the network time protocol server is implemented. Once all the above procedures are done, ...

There are many communication protocols that are used in Riordan Manufacturing Company. Communication protocols are useful in the networking world. They are the standards that are used to manage communications in the networks. They form the basis under which connections and interfaces communicate. The various branches that are seen in the company are reason enough to have protocols that will help in having a unified communication model. Communication protocols help to make common technologies that will make two hosts to communicate. Protocol is the specific rules and electric signal that the network system use. The protocol controls the communication of ...

Introduction

Security systems are undergoing development with the development of cryptographic protocols that help to secure these communications channels. There have been extensive researches that have been carried out to come up with better security mechanisms that will secure information systems. A cryptographic protocol is a protocol which makes use of cryptography so that they are able to achieve their goals, these goals could include sending private or public keys over the network. There are protocols that are used for securing security systems. This paper will focus on two protocols, NRL analyzer and Bellare-Rogaway model (Tanenbaum, 2003).

NRL analyzer

How it works

It ...

NETWORK TERMINOLOGIES

1. Impact of network congestion on productivity
Network congestion occurs when a link or a node carries too much data that its normal capacity thus making its efficiency to be reduced. Some of the effects of network congestion include: queuing delays, blocking of new connections and packet losses in the network. (Floyd & Fall, 2009) Network congestion leads to an overall reduction in the network’s throughput. Network congestion usually affects the productivity of the network in the following ways:
i. Delay – whenever there is congestion in the network, users will have to wait for longer periods of time ...

Introduction

A web server is defined as a program that uses server or client model to respond to user. It is also used to accept a network connection, read a file, parses the request and sends contents. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) and WWW (World Wide Web) are examples of protocols that host the web page files facilitated by users. Each computer that is connected to the internet and hosts a website must always have a well-defined web server program. The most significant web servers are IIS (Internet Information Server) and Apache (Vermeulen, 2004). However, Novell, AS/400 and Lotus Domino are examples of web servers that ...

1. Discuss the role of networks within different organizations and the resource implications of networks.

Of late, networks have become a principal mode of data transmission helping in collaboration, dissemination of knowledge, creative reproduction and gathering resources to undertake research. The networking system is integral to organizational function. Within different organizations, networks play the following roles:

- The network of an organization helps the employees increase their productivity by allowing them exchange ideas quickly.
- It keeps the employees connected all the time from anywhere by allowing them remote access.
- As there are several computers connected to a ...

Governments and international organizations engage in different types of diplomatic strategies on matters pertaining international relations. These include trade, conflict resolution, arts and culture, environment and human rights. The types of diplomatic actions include hostile diplomacy, adversarial diplomacy, coalition diplomacy, and mediation diplomacy. Following are real world diplomacy situations which illustrate the types of diplomacy and policy making governments adopt.

- Solar Panel Tiff

In March 2012, United States imposed duties on Chinese solar panel manufacturers between 2.9% and 4.73% after they found that the companies had benefitted from the subsidies and had dumped their products onto the US ...

Introduction

Aims of pre-clinical studies
Main stages in clinical drug development and challenges from Phase I to Phase IV
Conclusion
- Minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol.
Introduction

This document contains information related to aims of pre-clinical studies. A brief outline of the main stages in clinical drug development and challenges emerging from it will also be addressed. This would be done by highlighting developments occurring from phases I through IV. An exploration into the minimum required contents of a clinical trial protocol will also be embraced.
Aims of pre-clinical studies

Pre-clinical trials ...

Network security is a significant aspect when managing network. There are issues that should be put in place in order to have security over a network. One of the significant components that are of great use is firewalls. Firewalls provide a great tool that network administrators use to secure their networks. We have had a chance to look at computer networks and the use of VPN in the security aspects of the networks. We have had to go in-depth on how the networks relate to security.

One of the most significant aspects of a firewall is the installation and implementation process. Firewalls should be ...

- Introduction

The alternate processing site is an alternate location that helps in the deployment of business processes in case of a disaster. The site should be geographically located away from the usual location of Pixel Inc. The location should not be prone to environmental hazards and calamities such as blizzards and earthquakes. It should be far from seismic zones that can always trigger an earthquake. It should be capable of providing immediate data processing to maintain the critical services (Rittinghouse & Ransome, 2005).

- Implementing an alternate processing site

Pixel Inc ensures that there is continuity at the alternate processing site in case of a disaster. This helps ...

Technologies for Home Internet and Computer Networks

Question 1: Compare and contrast at least five technologies that are readily available for in-home internet access. You should consider practical as well as technical differences in your comparison. Do not include Frame Relay or ATM as these are primarily larger scale business solutions.

Answer: Five technologies that are readily available for in-home internet access:

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): VoIP refers to transmitting voice data over an IP-based network. VoIP requires a computer, a dedicated VoIP phone or a landline phone to place calls through a VoIP server or special adapter. Calls to landline numbers is also possible using interconnected VoIP services. Various codec’s are used to encode voice calls, they ...

The internet is a mesh of networks. It is a network infrastructure. The internet is responsible for the interconnection of billions of computer globally. It forms a network in which computers are able to communicate with one another as long as these computers are connected to the internet.

The World Wide Web, on the other hand, is one of the several modes of information dissemination over the internet. It is a model of sharing information, which is built on the internet. The web uses the Hypertext Transfer Protocol [HTTP] to transmit data over the internet. The HTTP protocol allows the communication of applications ...

Data classification important practices

Some data classification best practices include first identifying the source of data and types of the same across the organization. This helps decide which data to retain, store or delete. It also gives an insight to the access patterns of the data. Another aspect is to establish categorization of data before making any decision that is technological. Sort records depending on their category. It is also important to identify and specify access methods as well as authentication methods to the same data (Mark, 2008).

Network standard and protocols

Some of the networking standards learnt includes the OSI model which clearly defines a standard for ...

Static or dynamic IP routing

IP routing is described as the task of sending data packets via the router from a host to a destined remotely available host on another network (Osterloh, 2001). In order to deliver its data, routers maintain a path which is defined in the routing table.
There are two types of routing, dynamic and the static routing techniques. As the names suggest, dynamic routing protocol uses a dynamic table while the static uses static tables for path determination. Maintaining of static tables is done manually by the systems or network administrator while dynamic tables are done automatically by the system (Long, 2001).
...

Abstract

Website design is like using the best technology for building WebPages for internet. The business is developed as people and consumer prefer to know about business from exceptional quality design of WebPages which make coherent the example and content of business marketing. The website design is colourful, easy to understand and apply using software such as Dreamweaver. Use of website makes providing detailed information, location, professionally a reality than a dream conserving scale of marketing while widening its scope to wider horizons. Thus website makes marketing promotion available and conveys all important aspects to consumer in time, saving costs and at ...

The principle purpose of a firewall is to intelligently bar unrequested connections that intend to get into the network. For instance, a user’s laptop connected to an organizations domain can access shared files and folders on the network. However, if the laptop does not have the domain configurations, the firewall bars any incoming connections to the organization’s network from the laptop. Such a feature for the firewall helps to safeguard the network from potential malicious incoming traffic.

Windows Firewall plus other third-party firewalls perform the same principle function of barring unauthorized incoming connections. Third-party firewalls, in the course of their ...

An open system interconnection (OSI) is a good reference tool for understanding different data communications between network systems. It usually divides communication into seven different layers. Each layer performs a specific functions offering support to the layer above it. It also offers services to the lower layer, below it. In all cases tree lowest layers mainly focuses on passing traffic through the network to an end system. The remaining four layers come into play in the end system to complete the process. A network model offers a generic means that separate computer networking functions into multiple layers. Each layer relies on the ...

Introduction

A.1 Outbreak Description

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is one of the twenty-first century viral respiratory diseases occurring in humans. The causative organism is the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Since the first infection was detected in Hong Kong it has escalated into a public health concern requiring immediate intervention (Smith, 2006).
Reports have been that during November 2002 and July 2003 there has been an outbreak of the disease. It was so acute that it reached pandemic proportions starting in Hong Kong. The spread continued to 37 other countries with fatality estimation by world Health Organization of 10.9%. However, the ...

Introduction

Infectious diseases have been affecting humans since diseases and germs were discovered. No sophisticated antibiotics or antiviral medications were available to treat neither disease nor epidemiological records to trace their origin and destinations. In contemporary societies mankind is so advanced in science and technology that, viruses, bacteria, fungi and other types of microorganisms are detected, sensitivity identified; epidemiological implications uncovered and prognoses delivered. This discussion provides an epidemiological evaluation of the Avian influenza infection as a twenty first century pandemic.

A.1 Description of Outbreak

Avian influenza is a viral infection similar to bird flu/ swine flu, dog flu, horse flu, or human flu. Epidemiologists have ...

Introduction to Computers

Major Categories of Computers

These computers are regarded as the most powerful computers because of their large storage capacity and a high speed of execution. Most of these computers are developed to be used in sophisticated research project by scientists, for example, space exploration and engineers. The need for faster calculations in the scientific field has increased demand for supercomputers. A good example of the use of supercomputers is in the National Weather Bureau, in the United States, for conducting weather analysis for the whole world. Weather data from around the globe are collected for immediate analysis. Industries such as ...

The Case Scenario

Recent clinical evidence-based guidelines suggest that a “watch and see” approach may be best in the management of pediatric acute otitis media. In this case scenario,
a team of nurses in the outpatient clinic are considering whether they should use this approach to manage AOM in the children they see. They plan to evaluate clinical studies before making their final decision. The nurses are also aware of the possibility of parental concerns concerning a change in treatment protocols. The studies are analyzed in this paper.

Cautionary use of Antibiotics in Acute Otitis Media

Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common pediatric bacterial infection in the U.S. and ...

What the Tutorial Teaches

The tutorial provides directions on how to secure your home network router. In this case, they are describing how to secure the Linksys network router. Using the default IP address on the router, you can access the home page of the router to be able to change the default settings. The first thing is to change the default password. The wireless network is secured by turning off broadcast option. This will prevent people from finding your wireless network upon Google search. Consequently, change the security mode to WPA2 personal. This is recommended since it allows text passwords that are ...

Frame relay

Frame relay is method of network transmission whereby the frame is designed to operate in virtually error-less circuits. This protocol is stripped down to enhance transmission speed. The method operates in a manner that network layer of the OSI model is created and the routing process and multiplexing roles is performed by itself and hands over everything else to the levels higher in the network transmission hierarchy.

Frame relay omits the former roles such as sequential ordering, window rotation, acknowledgement of frames, and automated retransmission in case of failure so as to focus on the fundamental roles which is fast ...

Abstract

It is not always just to simply follow the guidelines given to you while administering justice, there are situations in which people in justice enforcement have to use their head and their heart over their books to take a better choice. This happens particularly for the police officers who are more directly involved with the criminals than any other branch of justice enforcement. It is often difficult to judge between right and wrong in certain situations because the borderline may be very delicate. This article gives two situations in which police officers has a choice between sticking to the protocol and ...

Ethernet and token ring protocols are the common wan technologies in use today. Ethernet employs Bus technology where all machines are connected on a backbone. Any data sent from any machine can be transmitted through the network with the condition that the network is free of any other traffic. If the destination of the send packet is not found it is eliminated otherwise it is received at the destined node (Stallings, 2007). Token Ring protocol though has a different approach. Computer systems are interconnected in a loop. There is a monitoring node that controls the movement of data in the loop. Data can ...

- Explain the significance of the grand challenge that you consider in this assignment.
System thinking engulfs the criterion of problem solving that concentrates on the larger picture of all the responsible aspects, as opposed to objective approaches which focus on those agents that are directly linked to the problem only. Taking the challenge of global warming and climate change, this problem solving approach can be demonstrated effectively. What makes it so pronounced is the threat it poses to a large portion of the earth and generations to come. New York City, Norfolk, Va., Venice, Bangladesh, Indonesia, the Philippines, ...

Introduction

Huffman Trucking Company has requested a new Election Benefits System which will be used to manage the benefit packages of its employees. The current system that is used by the company includes vision, dental, and medical plans for employees. In the benefits election system, the package that the employee will choose will be stored and managed by the system which has database capability to help in the retrieval, updating, and storage procedures of the system. The records that are stored in the database are either hardcopy or electronic. Whoever method that the records are stored; there is a need ...

- What are some of the possible services that a link-layer protocol can offer to the network layer? Which of these link-layer services have corresponding services in IP? In TCP?

One of the services is framing. This service is also available in IP and TCP. Another service offered is link access. The third service is reliable delivery which is also available in TCP protocol. There is also a service of flow control that is also available in TCP. Another service that is available is error detection that is available with both IP and TCP. Another service is error correction in the ...

The analysis of the professional nursing organization was categorical on the Academy of Medical-Surgical Nurses abbreviated as AMSN. Currently, AMSN is the sole specialty nursing organization committed to exercising medical-surgical nursing. The foremost mission of AMSN, therefore, is to uphold excellence in medical-surgical nursing. Accordingly, the mission achieved greatly depends on the effort of the Medical-surgical nurses. The said nurses exercise their focused action and influential voice, continuously improving patient health care. Historically, AMSN was established in 1991, with the aid of the management firm of Anthony J. Jannetti, Inc. Also, AMSN underwent effective nurturing with the constant assistance ...

The term technology refers to the application of scientific knowledge for practical use and help. It means that there is some improvement from one technical state to another level of technological development and infrastructural improvement. All the changes, modification, initiations and inventions in the technological spheres all lead to the inevitable end of emerging technological growth. For instance, the improvements in the sector of information technology, most specifically, the computers, have led to changes in the way schooling life in general occurs. Computer applications and programmes such as the internet has presented and introduced a totally new dimension to the ...

For any computer device machine deprived of a firewall, then a personal or company computer has its operating open to attacks and this is considered risky. In recent occurrences, hacked computers have been subject to the passwords cracking, credit card numbers stealing, bank account information fraud, and virtually any sensitive information on stored on the computer becomes accessible to malicious computer hackers. In this case scenario hackers can get in, take what they want, and even leave an opening port they can frequently use to access the information over and over again without the owners noticing.

The first test carried out ...

Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication

Communication has been defined as the process involving two or more parties and which must entail the exchange of information. It is can thus be summed up as the process in which parties exchange information. Communication could assume verbal or non-verbal forms and either form comes with its own processes. However, both verbal and non-verbal forms involve the communication process whereby an idea is transmitted through a medium, the idea is received in the form of messages, the message has to be understood and feedback consequently obtained. The components associated with verbal communication include listening and hearing. In addition, the ...

1. Introduction

Central venous access devices are small catheters that are placed either directly or indirectly into the superior venacava or right atrium for the following purposes: drug administration, nutrition, dialysis of the kidneys, antibiotic therapy or transplantation of the bone marrows among other reasons. They are often used when the smaller veins are inaccessible or medications or nutrients cannot be administered via the smaller veins. The use of CVAD is often marred by two major problems: occlusion by thrombosis and infection. The patency of the catheter must be maintained. Nurses use normal saline or heparin in order to maintain the ...

In the study conducted at the Presbyterian Hospital, there were several differences and similarities in the information needs of nurses and physicians in the New York based hospital. The physicians and nurses are two different groups of professional workers at the hospital whose duties are not very much different. The study was aimed at identifying the information needs as well as communication patterns of the two sets of healthcare employees. The perceptions of the two sets of professionals about how the information requirements relate to medical related errors was the main focus of the study.

The information needs of ...

Introduction

Central Intelligence Agencies are capable of making predictions about terrorist attacks in communities. However, accuracy of predictions is always the greatest challenge. The same is true of weather reports that foretell earth quakes, tornadoes, flooding, hurricanes, fires, and the list can become expansive. This is why emergency response management is so essential in disaster preparedness for communities. Therefore, the community health nurse must be equipped with appropriate skills for efficient collaboration with chain of command, understanding communication protocol, knowledgeable concerning available resources for intervening with distressed families and a confused public.

A. Role of Public Health personnel during disaster

In Franklin County there are specific guidelines for Public ...

1. List and describe three main capabilities or tools of a DBMS.

A DBMS is mainly capable of the organization, management, and access of data in the database (“ISYS104 Tutorial,” n.d.). In particular, its capabilities consist of the data dictionary, the data definition language, and the data manipulation language.

The data dictionary is a manual or automated file where information of the data in the database is stored. Such data include data element descriptions, data formats, definitions, and names. In large databases, the data dictionary can also store other data attributes such as security, authorization, ownership, and usage, as well as the reports, programs, business functions, and users who use ...

Hospice care is a complex issue that needs a multi-disciplinary approach. As a patient’s disease progresses to its final stages, the patient needs increasing emotional, social, psychological, and spiritual support. A community hospice nurse is at the core of the healthcare team.

Quality of Life and Functioning

Perceptions About Quality of Life and Health Promotion and their Effects on Quality of Care

I see health as an active state of being, not just the mere absence of disease. For me, the most important duty of a healthcare giver is to increase a patient’s level of wellbeing, from whatever level the patient may have been at the moment ...

1. Overview of Topic
This paper aims at discussing the question of the sovereignty of the British Parliamentary system based on the outcome of Jackson v. Attorney General 2005.According the constitutional provisions of the British legislative system there lacks a clear line between the extent of interference between the House of Lords and that of the House of Commons. The ruling of Jackson v. Attorney General 2005 supports this hypothesis based on the structure of arguments presented by the Jury in giving the verdict of this case. This paper intends to use the outcome of this case to determine ...

What makes the internet work

The internet is growing by the say. There are a lot of machinery and technology that is driving the Internet. There are many ingredients that make the Internet. It is a mesh of technologies like peer to peer technologies, web services and file sharing. From the beginning, the Internet has been a collection of components. An important component of the Internet is gateways which are now referred to as the routers. There are many local area networks which are available in the world. All these networks are brought together so that they make one big network. The Internet is what we get ...

Web technologies

Data mining
Data mining is the process of sorting through a collection of data for the purpose of identifying patterns and using the patterns to establish relationships. There is a lot of data processing to get valuable information that can affect the way the organization behaves in future.

Data warehouse

Data warehouse – is a central place where all-important parts of data that various information systems of an enterprise collect.
BLOB
BLOB (Binary Large Object) is a field of a database that holds any information, which is digitized including text, video, audio, images and video. It can have a large capacity of storage.

HTTP

Hypertext ...

ACME manufacturing company is a prime manufacturer of a variety of metal products. There are several departments under this company. The company requires a network to facilitate communication in the company. The company also expects a network design document that includes different recommendations for different network services in the company. ACME manufacturing company is growing steadily and recently acquired a manufacturing plant in China. The company believes that such acquisitions will help it continue to grow. This company has several other offices in the United States of America. The company wants to be able to connect all their operational facilities and offices together. This ...

In order to establish a proper VLAN, there is need for VTP servers, VTP clients and switches in VTP mode (Stallings, 2007 P. 76). Due to the rapid expansion and location considerations the best way to ensure access to normal service from different locations is to subnet the network. Each department like marketing, engineering and the like will each have a subnet. The same subnets should exist on every single switch. Having each subnet embedded in each switch will allow routing of traffic from different departments thus control bandwidth. The different activities done by the departments will form a basis for division ...

Comparing and Contrasting 3G and 4G Networks

Introduction

The evolution of cellular mobile communication networks in the last twenty years has been so quick, leading to a situation whereby the technology is evolving so quickly. In the early ages of mobile communication, data communications were in forms of dial up connection, which were totally unpredictable and slow. With time, wireless access protocol (WAP) was superseded by the general packet radio services (GPRS), which provided improved speeds and functions. With time, developers were able to develop an enhanced form of GPRS known as EDGE in 2.5G networks, in order to provide a more reliable form of wireless connection. Developers ...