Surgery Term Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

This discussion focuses on graphical representation of surgical operations in the 19th and 21st Century and how surgery has evolved in years.

Eakins’ paintings depict the doctor getting assistance from Penn professors. This emphasizes on how doctors, nurses and physicians work together during surgery. This is also demonstrated in a 21st century media image.

In both clinics, the doctors are seen to be carrying conservative operations as opposed to the amputations they performed in earlier decades. We see the surgery being carried out in a cleaner, brighter, surgical theater. In comparison, there seems to be advancement in understanding the prevention of ...

Colorectal cancer, which is also commonly known as colon cancer is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US. According to statistics retrieved from the centers for disease control, approximately 100,000 new cases of colon cancer are detected every year. The incidence of colon cancer is observed more commonly in patients that belong to higher socioeconomic background. Furthermore, colon cancer is most commonly detected in patients who are 50 years or older (CDC.gov). It was observed that approximately 49000 deaths occur annually on account of colon cancer. The death rate for colon cancer has been ...

Summary of Parts 1, 11 & 111

Section 1 outlined the PICO problem. It stated that human errors and poor communication among members of the preoperative, the operative team and the surgeon were the main reasons for these irregularities. Surgical time-out, accurate site marking and effective channels of communication among medical attendants are among the major guidelines to correct or lower incidences of wrong site surgery. While these guidelines are apparently effective theoretical; it is important to understand that the wrong site surgery cases are mainly caused by small errors during surgery and preoperative procedures. Thus, it is critical that an organization focuses on identifying the ...

- Scope and purpose of the clinical practice guideline
Surgical infection is a healthcare associated infection where a wound infection occurs after an invasive/ surgical procedure (Gruendemann & Mangum, 2001). Other types of infections that occur especially for surgical patients include urinary tract infection, bacteraemias, anti-biotic- related diarrhea and postoperative respiratory. Surgical infections are usually experienced with the first seven to ten days after the operation/ surgery to a life threatening postoperative complication. Some of these include a sterna infection, which occurs after an open heart surgery. Surgical infections, at least most of them, are caused by contamination of an incision with micro-orgasms ...

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

The target audience is the groups of patients and their guardian with complicated ailments that require operation at the clinic. They want a surgical procedure that is safe, less painful, and takes less time to heal with minimal scarring. This population ranges in age from approximately 20 for college going teens to 80 for retired and semi-retired elderly members. The gender ratio is approximately 50% male and 50% female. All the audience is knowledgeable of normal surgical procedures and posses at least a high school diploma, though many adults have a college degree. The group comprise of many different ethnicities: approximately 40% ...

Brief information, risk factors and symptoms

Colon cancer, that is also known as colorectal, is a type of cancer that starts from rectum or colon. As any other type of cancer, colon cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growing cells of the body. This type of cancer usually starts with a polyp – a kind of growth on the inner lining of the rectum or colon. However, it is important to know that not all polyps change into cancer, though some of them might do it after several years. The chances that a polyp will become cancer after some, depends on the type of polyps. There are ...

Introduction

This is a rare birth defect whereby the joints between the bones of an infant close prematurely before the brain is fully formed. It is a condition where a baby is born with an abnormal shaped skull. The premature closure of the baby’s bone sutures changes the skull’s growth pattern and this leads to abnormal head shapes and facial features. This condition causes a baby to be born with a deformed or an abnormal shaped skull. This skull deformity needs to be attended to since it causes problems with normal brain and skull growth in infants.

There are four main types of ...

Informed Consent and Ethical Challenges

Informed Consent and Ethical Challenges

The major ethical consideration in this case is the idea that Mrs. G had a chance at recovery and, instead, is opting to allow her illness to take her. In this case, it is important for the medical practitioner to understand the obligations that they have towards the patient in regards to her right to make the decision for herself. In this case, while the treatment has a chance to help her, it also has very low odds of doing so. Furthermore, the costs that the family will be left with seem to outweigh ...

Facilitator:

The Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer
Recent years have witnessed increased cases of cancer complications especially among young people. Although the most and least expensive strategy for curing cancer is yet to be discovered, adoption of reliable means of reducing the pain associated with this complication is critical in facilitating the survival of the victim. Getting the most accurate facts on the impacts of cancer complication on individual physical health is the first and most essential step toward determining the most effective intervention and treatment method. Effective diagnosis of cancer requires incorporation of knowledge and competence from various ...

Difference between entitlement program and block grants

An entitlement program is one of the government mechanisms in which public funds are given to people who meet specific requirement. Good example of an entitlement program in the united state of America is Medicare program. In the Medicare program on the part of it would qualify to be an entitlement program. In this program, the people who are unable to meet their medical care cost are given some funds. Other may confuse an entitlement program with social security program during their working day, but this is not a form of an entitlement program. The only time in which the ...

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Every year, various types of cancer kill millions of people. The problem of cancer disease is unique because of its complexity and importance to humankind. Cancers affect all segments of the population, causing enormous damage to society. Although malignant tumors are extremely diverse and complex for the perception, the risk factors and mechanisms of development of cancer are well known enough so that it becomes possible not only to heal, but also to engage in cancer prevention. Cancer is the most difficult and dangerous disease, since it can ...

Introduction

Medical and healthcare issues are corporal responsibilities and duties for all parties that are concerned and affected by health care issues that might prevail. In the case of the implantation of the breast implanted on women in the UK, the moral duty of care lies amongst all the parties that were affected by the issue. The National Health Service, the private manufacturers of the implant, the Government administration through the department of health and finally the patients have a moral responsibility too. However, due to the specificity of this matter the moral duty of the various parties extends to some ...

Job description

Certified registered anesthetists nurses (CRNAs) are registered nurses trained particularly for administration of drugs for inducing anesthesia. Normally CRNAs are found in nursing care facilities, physicians’ offices and hospitals. They belong to a group of registered nurses who specialize in particular areas of nursing (Matsusaki, & Sakai, 2011).
Pre-surgical duties: Prior to surgery, the CRNA undertakes a patient assessment. This is done for determination of the suitable dosage for anesthesia to avoid any causing harm to the patient. The CRNA administers the drugs for induction of anesthesia, temporal blockage of sensation to enable the surgery to be conducted to the patients ...

Today, the United States is faced by a number of medical conditions that have proved costly both financially and socially. These medical conditions, not only affect the physical conditions of patients, they also have vast psychological effects on the society. Most of such diseases are terminal and may not be curable and thus put patients and affected families under psychological strains. One such disease is cancer. Diagnosis of cancer has been known to put the patient and family members under extreme psychological strains. However, clinical psychologist have argued that lack of public information about these conditions aggravate the situation. Proper ...

Abstract

A complete and thorough health assessment can help in the correct diagnosis (Dingman, 1941). According to a famous saying “A case well taken is half solved”. A well taken case should include complete description of the patient’s mental, physical and social well being. Mere jotting down of physical signs and symptoms may not give the true picture of a disease. As every patient is a different individual, thorough case taking is required in order to establish the individuality of the patient. Many features of the patients may have a role to play in his or her health, therefore, ...

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, about 18 people die every day waiting for a new organ transplant. It is currently illegal in the United States for anyone to sell their organs or tissue on the open market. It is time to change this policy not only for the benefit of organ and tissue recipients but for organ and tissue donors.
Currently, most organ donations in America are from recently deceased persons who enrolled in a local or state organ donation program when they were still alive. This is not exactly a popular option for organ donation ...

Article review

This article describes in detail the experiences of women suffering from breast cancer with chemotherapy treatments. Some of the problematic experiences explained are, problems with body image, negative emotions, depression, social dysfunction and physical problems. Breast cancer patients also experience dysfunction in sexual relationships, marriage and family dysfunction. The authors have also provided good information on the method of data analysis and collection used in the article (Nizamli et al , 2011).
The article also purports that vitamin C and E supplements are helpful in the protection of some side effects of anticancer drugs. However, the authors do not ...

Pain is one of the common health problems that prompt immediate medical attention. Pain, a normal bodily response to negative stimuli, can negatively affect one’s quality of life if treatment is not readily administered or applied (Baliki, Geha, Apkarian, and Chialvo, 2008). Pain, as described by The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), is considered as the unpleasant sensation felt by a patient in the event of potential or actual exposure to any forms of tissue damage (Kyranou and Puntillo, 2012). Pain serves as an automatic withdrawal reflex that signals the occurrence of a potential or actual harm (Kyranou ...

When it comes to representation through the mise en scene in film, there are a lot of different ways to show the tensions at work between past and present within the horror genre. In fact, it is these tensions that have stood at the core of the horror genre since its very beginning. In the first major work of horror, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, it is the tension between the time before the creation of the monster and the time after, when Dr. Frankenstein encounters so many vivid reasons to wish that he had never stitched those body parts ...

How good people make tough choices: Resolving the dilemmas of ethical living

Kidder’s book entitled as above makes interesting reading on what people encounter in their day to day lives as ethical dilemmas with tough choices of choosing or deciding between right vs. right. Kidder went to the extent of establishing an Ethics Institute inviting people to join a think tank for resolving the tough choices. It was while the author was interviewing in 1986 Barbara Tuchman, twice Pulitzer Prize historian, he was warned of imminent breakdown of public morality unable to make choices between two right ethical decisions an issue as serious as The Nuclear Threat, Environmental Degradation, The population ...

Introduction

The human cardiovascular system includes the heart and the blood vessels. The heart is a hollow, four chambered organ. Internally, it is divided into the upper and the lower chamber called the atrium and the ventricle respectively. The blood vessels include arteries, arterioles, capillaries and veins. The arteries carry the blood away from the heart. Arterioles regulate the blood flow to a particular region of the body. Capillaries allow the diffusion of oxygen and nutrients from the blood to the tissues. Veins function in supplying blood from the periphery back to the heart. When blood exerts a hydrostatic pressure against the walls ...

INTRODUCTION.

Cracking the code: the system of racial inequity is prompted by the stories in the documentary which leaves people more than ever motivated to participate in change.

Social determinants which include history, identity and culture, these areas are exclusively covered in the first section of the documentary. Internal components which include bias privilege and internalized racism; this is well detailed in section two of the documentary. An external relationship is the last section of the documentary which smartly covers the interpersonal, institutional and structural perspectives.
Looking at the argument of Charles Blow it truly contradicts the reality, The ...

Introduction

Based in Phoenix, Banner Health is one of United States’ largest non-profit healthcare organizations. Banner Health was formed in 1999 after a merger between Lutheran Health System and Samaritan Health System. The organization operates 20 hospitals and 6 long-term medical care centers in 9 different western states, providing employment to about 25,000 people. Not only does Banner Health offer various specialized services such as cancer treatment, heart care, bone marrow transplants, organ transplants, rehabilitation services, high-order multiple births and behavioral health services but also leads other researchers in the more serious conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and spinal ...

Spina bifida is a neural tube defect in which the neural tube fails to close in early fetal life. It is diagnosed using fetal ultrasound and elevated α-fetoprotein levels. It can range from an entirely asymptomatic bone malformation or it can be severe and debilitating. Due to an imperfectly closed spinal column, the contents of the column spills out and this can lead to a hydrocephalus. In fact, there are three different types of spina bifida: spina bifida occulta, meningocele, and myelomeningocele.
It is the most common disabling birth defect in America. Worldwide it occurs in 1 in 1000 live ...

Ethical issues in organ transplants

Introduction
In order to know the ethical issues in organ transplant then one has to know the definition of organ transplant. There are also the causes of organ transplant and risks of having organ transplant. Due to the risks of organ transplant, many people have different views of it. This is what sometimes influences peoples' decisions on whether to have organ transplant or not. There are various organs in the body that are transplanted and they include the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, thymus, pancreas, and the intestines. There are also tissues that are transplanted such as the heart ...

Research problem

Sequential Compression Device is well known among the nursing practitioners as a necessary device applicable in intensive care unit, courtesy of its role in the reduction of deep vain thrombosis (DVT) risk in the legs of seriously ill people. Perhaps it is commonly known for its beneficial qualities. That is why little attention has been accorded to the possibility of this device to cause some health complications to the patients. There is documented evidence that when improperly placed or used, sequential compression devices can, in a period of ten to thirteen hours of application, this device causes a patient to develop a foot ...