Essays on Genetic Predisposition

Psychological disorder is a disorganization of the central nervous system work. A personality disorder is sustained template of standing and conduct that differs from templates that are regarded as normal by a human’s culture. Symptoms of any personality disorder stay the same in various situations and become apparent by early matureness. These symptoms induce anguish or make it hard for a person to act normally in public. (Claridge, 60) The aim of this paper is to research the paranoid personality disorder, its symptoms, environmental and biological causes and possible treatment methods, and finds out the prognosis and prospects ...

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Every year, various types of cancer kill millions of people. The problem of cancer disease is unique because of its complexity and importance to humankind. Cancers affect all segments of the population, causing enormous damage to society. Although malignant tumors are extremely diverse and complex for the perception, the risk factors and mechanisms of development of cancer are well known enough so that it becomes possible not only to heal, but also to engage in cancer prevention. Cancer is the most difficult and dangerous disease, since it can ...

Abstract

This case study examines the problem of deviation of normal relationships in families of persons with alcohol dependence. The case given for analysis describes rather typical situation of families with excessively drinking husbands. The case study aims at formulating the overall strategy of finding the way out for the members of such families. Particular attention is given to providing social support for the victims of the excessive drinking as psychological disorder. Special psychological phenomenon of "codependency" is defined throughout the research. This phenomenon is reflected in the psychological characteristics of wives and children, indicating the formation of dependent behavior ...

INTRODUCTION

Obesity is a disorder that increases body fat and predisposes an individual to many health complications and problems like diabetes, heart diseases and high blood pressure . It is acquired, when the consumption of calories over time exceeds their burning. Factors that may influence the occurrence of obesity are lack of physical activity, genetic profile, overeating, consumption of calorie-rich foods. An individual is considered obese, when his weight is at least 20 % more than it should ideally be and has a body mass index (BMI) is over 30. According to the survey conducted by

National Health and Nutrition in 2009 – 2010, over 35 % adults were regarded as obese .

FACTORS CAUSING OBESITY Consumption of excessive ...

Breast cancer is a kind of cancer developing from breast cells. It involves abnormal breast cells growth and, in serious stages, can invade into other parts of the body (World Health Organization 1). The majority of breast cancer cases occur in women, however men can have breast cancer as well. National Cancer Institute reports that 232 340 female breast cancers and 2 240 male breast cancers occur in the USA each year, as well as 39 620 people die from this disease annually (Nordqvist 1). Breast cancer is more common in the developed countries. As for more statistics, in ...

Diabetes is a burning issue all over the world. World health organization has shown concerns on the prevalence and incidents of diabetes. In USA, 29.1 million people or 9.3% of the population; diagnosed or undiagnosed have diabetes. (CDC, 2012). As per National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011 215, 000 people in USA have type-I or type-II diabetes. Thus, diabetes is a disease penetrating all age groups. Treatment of diabetes has a few advancement in the recent past. Apart from general oral hypoglycemic agents and injectable insulin there are islet transplantation surgeries also available for diabetes. There is a wide scope of treatment of diabetes ...

DISCUSSION

Antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of smoking are known to the smoking population, despite the popular belief that smoking has a positive mood affects. The evidence established in Boden, Fergusson, & Horwood (2010) and other literature that have linked smoking to depression assert that the smoking population may actually be vindicated. Regardless of the direction of the causal relationship; it is still a statistically significant relationship with important practical implications. It is possible that the relationship could even be bidierectional, which effectively marries the research findings from both extremes, with infrequenet or acute smoking leading to a reduction in the negative mood affect, while ...

Recent statistics have reported the increasing prevalence rate of obesity and other lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in both developed and developing countries (De Onis et al., 2010). Albeit, considered to be lifestyle-associated in etiology, the occurrence of these diseases is solely evident among adults but alarmingly also among children.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has documented the increasing prevalence of childhood obesity worldwide. In 2010, 43 million children were diagnosed to be overweight or obese. A significant number (35 million) of these children lived in developing countries. The worldwide prevalence rate of obesity among children ...

In most instances, people undergo mood swings or changes. In some occasion, one may feel frustrated and irritable; other occasions, one feels excited or happy. Nevertheless, people suffering from bipolar disorder undergo severe mood changes, which impair or affect their daily life as well as adversely influence their relationship with others. Because bipolar disorder, more often than not, is a chronic health complication, most persons suffering from bipolar need life-long therapy or treatment to maintain it in check. It is recommendable someone with bipolar disorder to see a psychiatrist frequently, because they can assess the symptoms, answer some troubling questions, as ...

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS AND MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

INTRODUCTION SLE and Multiple Sclerosis both being autoimmune conditions, still show lot of diversities in their clinical manifestations. SLE is now also termed as Connective Tissue Disease to avoid confusion with other related diseases. Whereas Multiple Sclerosis is more of an inflammatory disease affecting the Central Nervous System. *Prevalence of SLE : 30 in 100000 in Caucasians to 200/100000 in Afro-Carribeans *Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis: 120 in 100000 (in UK) *Gender Distribution : Both the diseases are commoner in women than in men

ETIOLOGY OF THE DISEASES

Predisposing factors of SLE: - Genetic predisposition - Cigarette smoking ...

Introduction

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness with strong and consistently reported causal linkages with cigarette smoking. Econometric analyses have demonstrated sufficient rationale in promoting smoking cessation as an effective strategy for primary prevention of AMD (Hurley et al, 2008). Japan shares many of the contemporary health issues with the developed countries including its demographic profile (long life expectancy, aging population) and disease burden (lifestyle related disorders). The prevalence of AMD in Japanese population has been found comparable to that in White population (Nakata et al, 2013).This provides sufficient basis for replication of evidence-based strategies ...

Abstract

Cirrhosis is 12th on the list of leading causes of death in the US. Cirrhosis is characterized by scarring of the liver tissue due to inflammation that could lead to liver failure and death. Some patients develop cancer in due course of the illness. The scarring, which is usually permanent, covers the outer layer with collagen, makes the liver very rigid and limits the exchange of blood between the portal vein and the liver, thereby creating excess pressure in the hepatic portal vein. The scarring renders the removal of toxin such as alcohol difficult due to depletion of hepatocytes. ...

Introduction

Healthcare nowadays relies on the ongoing work seeking to unravel the genetical basis of various diseases and responses to treatments. The advancements in genomics and genetics cut across the entire healthcare spectrum and involves all healthcare professionals including nursing professionals. The majority of diseases, health conditions and illnesses, as well as the associated therapies, have a genetic or genomic underpinning that is influenced by either lifestyle and environmental or other factors, and as such, impacting the entire nursing profession (Calzone, Cashion & Wung, 2010). In line with this, nurses are expected to develop an intimate relationship with patients’ community and ...

Alcoholism –is a disease; it is a result of an addiction to alcohol, develops when one consumes it frequently and in excessive quantities. Alcoholics are addicted to alcohol. If you deprive them of any opportunitie to drink, it can cause withdrawal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, anxiety, hallucinations, tremors, etc. Alcoholism violates brain activity and memory, impairs physical abilities, a person begins to make unwise decisions and actions.

Causes of Alcoholism

There are many reasons for a person to become addicted to alcohol. It can be because of stress as a result of emotional conflict, bereavement (death of a close person), difficulties at work. Alcohol contributes to depressive ...

Introduction

The secret to a long life has always been a fascinating topic and an appealing scientific inquiry. People are interested with the elixir of life. This is because everyone wants to die old and extend their stay on earth. The whole of humanity embraces youthfulness and life, in general. The manner by which people live is also paramount. Most people anywhere in the world are interested with health and wellness. Public health has also become a necessity while modern medicines and several technologies are trying to slow down the natural processes of ageing (Manning, et. al., 2012). Most popular longevity factors ...

1. Explain how nurses can be familiar with the nature and sources of genetic information so that they can assure privacy and confidentiality for their patients? The detection of genetic disparities that play a role in disease offers information that is improving the understanding of disease biology, hence providing new and specialized therapies. Therefore, it is important for practicing nurses to be aware about genetic and genomic information. Through health promotion, provision of care and understanding patient, nursing brings a significant aspect of genomics. The practice of nursing is gradually inculcating genomic and genetics as part of its fundamental obligation ...

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that has no known cause yet. However, some of the proposed causes include genetic factors, biochemical factors, environmental factors, and substance abuse. Although research is still underway to learn more about these causes, this paper discusses some of the existing evidence that proves or disproves environmental factors as causative of schizophrenia. This paper concludes that environmental factors alone do not cause the mental disorder but that they work in conjunction with the genetic factors towards the disorder’s development. This paper then suggests that further research be conducted in order to come up with more ...

Abstract

Researchers showed that genetics has a strong influence on individual’s behavior when it comes to addiction. Substance abuse and dependence are disorders that are usually manifested together with some other psychological disorders such as antisocial personality disorder, depression, anxiety and others. Patients who suffer from depression or schizophrenia more often manifest addictive behavior. Explanation for this co-morbidity is found in genetic polymorphism. There are alterations in recorded activity of the brain in individuals who abuse substances. Their brainwaves are abnormal so was the brainwaves of their children, who never tried psychoactive substances. Biology is the basis of the brainwaves and ...

In the film The Power of an Illusion, it is stated that "Humans are 99.9% identical genetically. Of the tiny amount of difference that exists, 85% is found in any local group, be they Italians, Kurds, or Cherokees. For example, two random Koreans are likely to be genetically different as a Korean and Italian" (Adelman, 2003). This statement identifies the distinct lack of a factual basis for constructing a concept of race based on genetics. Nonetheless, race is a significant social issue; despite 99.9% of our genetic makeup between ethnicities being similar, many people find strong animosity or loyalty to certain races (Adelman, 2003). ...

Language Acquisition:

The two methods of language acquisition are the learning theory and the nativist approach to language acquisition. The learning theory suggests that language is picked up through punishment and reinforcement. The nativist approach suggests that human beings are born with an in born characteristic to acquire language. The interactionist approach is the third method of language acquisition, which combines both the learning theory as well as the nativist approach (Vetter & Howell, 1971). The three theories have inherent differences in their approach towards language acquisition. The learning theory suggests that conditioning and reinforcement plays a major role in language acquisition. ...

The Problem of Obesity and its Etiology

Undoubtedly, much of the population in the United States is either obese or overweight. This has subsequently become a burning issue among many Americans, policymakers and ordinary citizens alike. According to Barnet and Bedau (2010), it is important to understand the etiology of obesity so as to determine the most appropriate remedial interventions. As such, several possible explanations arise, key among them being the fact that people are responsible for their own weight-related problems. Barnet and Bedau essentially highlight the idea that morbid obesity and the problems of an overweight population can be stemmed by simply urging people to play a ...

and Alcohol Knowledge

The Effectiveness of Prevention Programs on Underage Drinking

and Alcohol Knowledge The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) considers underage drinking a major public health problem. In 2008, emergency rooms treated around 190,000 juveniles for injuries related to alcohol abuse (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011). Alcohol is the most widely used drug by minors in the United States, accounting for 11% of all alcohol consumption. Binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of juvenile alcohol abuse. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), even though the level of alcohol use among juveniles has dropped significantly ...

and Alcohol Knowledge

The Effectiveness of Prevention Programs on Underage Drinking

and Alcohol Knowledge The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2007) considers underage drinking a major public health problem. In 2008, emergency rooms treated around 190,000 juveniles for injuries related to alcohol abuse (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011). Alcohol is the most widely used drug by minors in the United States, accounting for 11% of all alcohol consumption. Binge drinking accounts for more than 90% of juvenile alcohol abuse. According to Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), even though the level of alcohol use among juveniles has dropped significantly ...

Introduction

Wellness and health are terms which many terms are used interchangeably; health can be described as a quality of life where spiritual, social, emotional, biological, mental fitness which arises as a result of environmental factors (Donatelle, 2010). Wellness is used to explain the degree of health in each level of health. The ‘Wellness Continuum’ is a scale where there are both positive and negative indicators of health are present; it is recommended that one moves progressively higher on the wellness indicators (Donatelle, 2010). There are six dimensions which are normally used to determine the wellness level. These include: physical; social; intellectual; emotional; ...

1.0 Introduction Breast cancer is a type of disease where certain breast cells develop abnormally mostly in the milk ducts and lobules leading to formation of tumors. The exact cause of breast cancer is a topic that has flavored many debates and researches but still remains unknown. However a plethora of research has established that certain risk factors have a direct linkage with breast cancer. Breast cancer related risk factors are wide and varied and may include lifestyle choices like smoking/ diet or factors that are beyond the control of a person like gender, age or family history. It is however worth noting ...

Introduction

Breast cancer is a type of disease where certain breast cells develop abnormally mostly in the milk ducts and lobules leading to formation of tumors. The exact cause of breast cancer is a topic that has flavored many debates and researches but still remains unknown. However a plethora of research has established that certain risk factors have a direct linkage with breast cancer. Breast cancer related risk factors are wide and varied and may include lifestyle choices like smoking/ diet or factors that are beyond the control of a person like gender, age or family history. It is however worth noting from the start ...

Abstract

It is very difficult to judge human nature as either good or evil based on mere observation or analysis of the past and the present. Human nature is very complex, yet it may also be viewed in very simplistic terms. The concepts of what is good or evil is heavily influenced by the environment a person grows in, and what defines human nature may be intrinsically inborn or may be influenced by acquired notions from society. This paper seeks to make an informed argument on whether human nature is good or evil.

Conclusion

Human nature is the argument that all humans ...