Punishment Course Works Samples For Students

Children have a way of getting through with their demands; they will often convince their parents using various methods including withdrawal to attract their parent’s attention. When children realize that they have the power to influence the parents, they will take advantage of it and use it to get more from them.

Betty’s behavior came by after her parents decided to give in into her requests of sleeping with her. It has further been enhanced by the presence of a stimulus that is the continuous acceptance of her parents to sleep on their bed and the fact that ...

There are several theories that can be used to explain the antisocial behavior that shows the progression from juvenile to adult criminality. The subject can be said to be in connection to deviance, juvenile deviance, as well as criminal deviance. Deviance refers to certain behaviors that are contrary to social expectations or standards of conduct of a given society or a group. Juvenile deviance, on the other hand, refers to the antisocial behavior shown by the youths. These include the violation of juvenile laws as well as delinquent actions affecting the society and criminal acts. Lastly, criminal deviance can be explained ...

The death penalty was introduced in America through the common law brought by the British (Garland et. al., 2011). Indeed the British carried out the death penalty in America during the colonial era. When America gained independence, the death penalty was transplanted to the laws of the independent America. Though it was not expressly provided for, they were arguments that since the Eighth Amendment only prohibits unusual and cruel punishments, it does not disallow death penalty. Accordingly, there were several instances of death penalties imposed.

The Supreme Court considered the constitutionality of the death sentence in the case ...

The topic on capital punishment, particularly death penalty remains debatable. In fact, different people have different opinions on death penalty and as such it is widely debated. The main question that arises is, “Should people be sentenced to death?” The topic, therefore, has two contrasting sides. Whereas some people view death penalty as inhuman and a violation of human rights, other also have enough reasons to justify death penalty. As such, there is an endless debate on whether or not death penalty is the right thing to do. This paper presents an argumentative essay providing reasons for and against ...

Furman v. Georgia

In the above case, the U.S. Supreme Court found for the first time that the death penalty in this case was unconstitutional. The petitioner William Henry Furman was committing a burglary in a home when his weapon accidentally killed a resident therein. Georgia court convicted Furman for murder and awarded death sentence. Along with this, two other cases Jackson v Georgia and Branch v Texas that awarded death sentence for rape were decided by the Supreme Court on the question whether death sentence in these cases constituted cruel and unusual punishment violating Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the ...

Introduction to Part II

Welcome to Part II of the Research Assignment for HIST 105. In Part I you used contemporary primary sources (an e-newspaper article) and tertiary sources (encyclopedias) to help select and learn about your chosen contemporary issue. You analyzed these sources, learned how to properly cite such sources, and used them to create initial research questions.
In Part II, you will begin to investigate the historical roots of that contemporary issue using secondary sources. More specifically, you'll be locating a monograph, or full-length book.
After you've completed Part II, your instructor or your teaching assistant will reassess ...

Abstract

The existence and the application of the capital punishment have been a disputable matter in the developed countries for many years. The legislation of the European Union (EU) banns the death penalty in all member countries except three ones like Belarus where the last death punishment was carried out in 2014. The capital punishment is still applied in the United Stated where the attitude towards it is contradictory. The partisans of both opinions point out moral and constitutional considerations as well as the effects in deterrence, retribution, irrevocable mistakes, cost of death v. life in prison, income level and attorney ...

Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge through different methods. This is what interests many academicians and scholars for centuries. Many scholars would like to know which method would foster learning the fastest and which is the most effective. Thus, learning theories had been developed, improved and constantly evaluated to measure its reliability. This paper would like to distinguish Observational learning from the other learning theories that have often been used interchangeably with the subject of this paper.

Observational Learning

Alfred Bandura, a renowned behaviorist proposed a salient technique of learning that does not require reinforcement or the traditional rudimentary precepts in ...

The criminal justice system have sought to instill peace and order to society. A careful evaluation of methods to deter crime, seek retribution, and impose punishment is through the imposition of the death penalty. Statistics from Amnesty International revealed that some countries still actively implement capital punishment. The countries that continue to execute inmates, in descending order, were disclosed as follows: “China, Iran, Iraq, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, USA and Somalia” (Haddou, 2014, par. 2). There are people, groups, or nations that support capital punishment; while others contest the death penalty for specifically identified reasons. The current discourse ...

We have heard the cliché spare the rod, spoil the child perhaps one too many times. This line often associated with the principle of punishment. Many believe that the punishment is an effective way to rectify bad behavior because it imprints the intensity of the punishment within the mindset of the individual. However, critics of the use of punishment argues that it does not address the core of the problem but rather leave a very superficial implication which can eventually fade over time because of the person has grown immune of the punishment. This paper argues that the punishment is ...

Humanities are a wide field of research. Every field of the topic can have ethical issues. This essay is aimed at revealing two fields of humanities tightened together by one ethnic issue. In the paper, I will reveal such topics as death penalty in law and euthanasia in medicine. Both issues are rather discussible and significant to solve.
Many scientists argue that neither euthanasia, nor death penalty should be implemented and used in the modern society. On one hand, euthanasia is killing innocent people. On the contrary, death penalty is killing criminals. However, there is a factor that unites both ...

The number of cases involving mental incompetence has been increasing within the U.S. during recent years. According to a 2008 article from USA Today, “Legal analysts attribute the increase to a lack of mental health care, judges’ increased openness to such claims and legal strategies by defendants to avoid harsh punishment” (Johnson & Seaman, 2008).

It would make sense that more criminals would want to use the defense of mental incompetence, simply because of the fact that if they are found to be incompetent to stand trial, they are then sent to a mental health facility to be treated – if ...

At the beginning of the 1990s through to the 2000s sexual offences became a trendy topic of discussion within the sphere of legislative discourse and public dialogue. The contention surrounded the crafting of criminal legislation that would reduce recidivism of convicted sex offenders and overly reduce sexual offence cases. The initial innovations resulting from the discourse were twofold. These were the sex offender laws, which made it a statutory requirement that convicted sex offenders regularly provide crucial identification information and contacts to law enforcement authorities, upon conclusion of their incarceration; and sex offender notification laws, the latter being complementary to the ...

Response on Article:

Response on Article: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, and Loneliness in Incarcerated Internet Child Pornography Offenders
The article, “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Social Phobia, and Loneliness in Incarcerated Internet Child Pornography Offenders,” is based on the study conducted by Marshall, O’Brien, Marshall, Booth, and Davis (2012). It's aim was to determine any differences in terms of anxiety between child pornography internet offenders (CPOs) and non-internet-related sexual offenders with child victims (CCMs) through measurement. The stance of their study was that there were two types of child molesters based on their rudimentary traits. Proving the factuality of this ...

Question 11 - New World for the Puritans

What is now called the USA was initially the discovered new world of Columbus. Many people decided to build a new life there and travel hundreds of kilometers from their home in the UK or somewhere else in Europe. Some left in search of religious freedom, some – for seeking a new and better life, other were forced to go there either by someone or by the circumstances of their life. This was a new start for all. A new and better world was to be built. Puritans decided it was their calling to build and purify the existing social standards. Small ...

Abstract

Operant conditioning is a form of learning where behaviors for individuals are modified by their consequences. Different occupations are associated with different behaviors. It is extremely fundamental to understand the difference between various situations and how they may be resolved. Following the uniqueness of various occupations there are solutions that are outlined to solve issues as they arise in different situations. Depending on the problem either Positive or Negative Reinforcement, Positive and Negative Punishment, Shaping, Extinction, Generalization, or Discrimination may be undertaken as a solution.

In most cases, related behaviors will attract similar solutions. Since different problems may be intertwined, they ...

Introduction

This assignment is based on a scenario that involves a police officer named Officer Jones, a victim who approaches the officer seeking his help, and a subject that is pursued by Officer Jones in the belief that the subject may have committed a crime against the victim. The following crimes and civil actions could result from the facts presented in the assignment.

The first crime in the scenario is a false report. An example of a false report statute is Texas Penal Code § 37.08 (False Report to Peace Officer Or Law Enforcement Employee). The offense is committed if “a person, with intent to deceive, knowingly ...

Introduction

This paper examines and discusses issues surrounding the current situation regarding capital punishment in Japan, where execution by hanging is still practiced, despite a number of expressed concerns. Japan is in a minority of the world’s countries still exercising the option of capital punishment. According to Rogers (Apr 2013), “there are nearly five times as many countries not executing prisoners as those that do in 2012.” The issue is not simply whether Japan should continue to use the death penalty, but also includes the way it treats prisoners on “Death Row” – those awaiting execution.

Although it is ...

Question 1

Religion is an overarching theme in the Stranger. The antagonist, Meursault, in this novel is an atheist. He does not believe in the existence of God. He believes that the world is shaped and is as a result of fate. Meursault finds it difficult that there is the existence of a supernatural being that controls the world. The theme of religion is brought about in various sections of the plot in this novel. One of the main sections of the plot where the theme of religion is brought is during the funeral of Meursault mother. Meursault does not show any remorse ...

Immanuel Kant and Confucius

When it comes to what a human wants, will do and shall, there is no right answer. The comparison lies in what is good for whom. The possibilities differ on how a balance can happen. But where to start is valued in the moral code or an individual person.

Immanuel Kant knows a people cannot decide what is good for the individual. In fact, our conjoined morality is merely a “practical rule” (p4). It is practical to satisfy someone else, but to make it a “moral law” (p4) is unkind. Despite “rational agency” (p22), a law forbids and punishes what it ordinary ...

Death penalty in USA is applicable to many state crimes and it stretches from espionage, federal murder, human trafficking, Treason, and large-scale drug trafficking. Military too execute soldiers who involve themselves in intolerable crimes. In USA, the Federal Bureau of Prisons manages execution and housing prisoners.

Should Grady receive the death penalty?

I would not suggest Grady be executed. Though death sentence in any Nation universally taken to punish the culprits and reduce crime rate, it is not just at all punishing them less harshly. Death sentences are to extinct the murderers rather than correction them and be a resource to the community. In a way, the ...

The legal term Mala prohibita is a Latin word that means something is wrong because it is not allowed by law. Most societies use the word to imply on the laws that deal with the morality of the society. These laws manage behaviors that are not considered a crime in other regions. The crimes include drug use, government criticism, indecent exposure, copyright infringement, among others (Mostyn, 2012). Categorization of crimes considered as mala prohibita can help a person to understand a nation’s philosophical belief. Among the crimes considered as mala prohibita, copyright violation, causes more damage to the society, and; thus should ...

Retribution is a theory of criminal punishment that states that society must punish those who have committed a crime. There is no further justification needed for the punishment except that the offender deserves to be punished because of the crime he committed. According to Immanuel Kant, punishment is a condemnation of the wrongdoer because of his wickedness.

What is the history behind the use of retribution?

The use of retribution is part of any civilization which aims to punish those who have done wrong. Its history can be traced as far back during the biblical times through the middle ages . Even in these modern times, retribution still has a place in the ...

DOES THE DEATH PENALTY’S DETERRENT VALUE OUTWEIGH ITS NEGATIVE FACTORS, AS THE POSSIBILITY OF ERROR AND THE INCREASED EXPENSE WHEN COMPARED TO LIFE IMPRISONMENT? DO YOU THINK THAT THE DEATH PENALTY HAS BEEN APPLIED IN A RACIALLY DISCRIMINATORY MANNER? SUPPORT YOUR ANSWERS

Socrates was famously executed by the state for corrupting the youth and although he had the opportunity to escape his fate he chose to stay because he felt that he owed his life to his government because in those times the Grecian government basically fed and clothed you, so it stands to reason you might owe a ...

Discussion of Results

All teams have played the same number of games. LA Galaxy is the best team in terms of win because it has the highest Z-score value of 1.988. Z-score for LA Galaxy for losses is the lowest at -1.84, which means that the team is has lost least in all the 34 games it has played. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient between wins and losses is -0.7, which means that there is a high correlation between the two variables, but in the opposite direction. This makes LA Galaxy to be the best team with respect to wins and losses. ...

“Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs” has been a beloved children’s fairy tale, as presented by Walt Disney, who stripped it off of its innate, shocking cruelty and ideas which did not appeal to the general public’s idea of what a fairy tale is supposed to sound like. The original story, as captured on paper by the Grimm brothers is one of violence and unnecessary bloodshed, of villains being punished in unimaginably cruel ways, all in order to appease the black and white world of the fairy tale universe.

Most parents believe that children would prefer being told ...

Recently, there has been a paradigm shift, mostly in western countries, from an emphasis on crime prevention, to punishment. According to Fowler (2008), this trend is expected to accelerate steadily, at least in the United States. For instance, with respect to juvenile crime, there has been a frequent call for heightened outlays on crime detection and law enforcement, and for increased penalties for criminal as well as other anti-social behaviour (Meyers, 2010). This paper seeks to review the psychological research evidence on the effectiveness of punishment, and propose alternatives to the current trends.

Hollin (2008) describes punishment as the response-contingent use ...

Bandura is very well known for his observational learning theory and his given theory is considered one of the most significant theories of learning. Albert Bandura has introduced several new ideas in the traditional system of learning to make it effective and more relevant. This paper discusses observational learning theory given by Albert Bandura and several related aspects of the subject matter

Observational learning and models

Albert Bandura suggests that children learn the behavior by observing other people. Bandura introduced the ‘BoBo Doll’ method to prove his argument. In this method, some kids were said to observe adults who were playing with ...

Introduction:

Morality is often described as "The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct (thefreedictionary). Capital punishment, sentencing individuals to death, remains a divisive and polarizing issue, particularly in a world striving towards global civilization and human rights. This essay examines the arguments for and against capital punishment, discussing the value of life, questions of retribution and deterrence, ethical concerns in execution methods, and the implications of implementing the death penalty.

Value of Life and Abolitionist Views:

One of the primary arguments against capital punishment centers around the inherent value of human life. Many individuals, known as abolitionists, believe that human life is precious and that even the most heinous criminals should not have their lives taken away. While some abolitionists maintain a firm stance on preserving life, others argue that life should be protected unless there are compelling reasons to do otherwise, placing the burden of justification on proponents of capital punishment.

Basic Human Rights vs. Retribution:

Strict abolitionists emphasize that all individuals possess a fundamental right to life, making the act of sentencing someone to death a violation of their human rights. On the other hand, supporters of capital punishment contend that those who commit first-degree murder are aware of their wrongdoing and forfeit their rights. Retribution, seen as a way to ensure proportional justice, often leads to the idea of "an eye for an eye." However, the true meaning of this concept from the Old Testament suggests punishment without excessive severity.

Effectiveness and Ethical Suitability of Capital Punishment:

Debates surrounding the effectiveness of capital punishment as a deterrent to crime are inconclusive. Evidence suggests that the likelihood of being caught and convicted, rather than the death penalty itself, deters criminal behavior. Furthermore, some abolitionists argue that life imprisonment can inflict more profound suffering on criminals than a swift execution, raising ethical concerns about the overall purpose and impact of the death sentence.

Ethical Concerns in Execution Methods:

Specific means of execution, such as electrocution, strangulation, and lethal gas, have been deemed inhumane and too brutal, leading to their prohibition. Lethal injection has become a standard method, perceived as less harsh for both the executioner and the offender. However, the involvement of medical professionals in the execution process raises ethical dilemmas, conflicting with the principles of their profession.

Conclusion:

Capital punishment remains a topic of intense debate worldwide, touching on fundamental questions of morality, ethics, justice, and human rights. While proponents argue for its efficacy as a deterrent and a tool for retribution, opponents highlight the value of preserving human life and ethical concerns surrounding execution methods. Considering the complexity of this issue and the possibility of disagreement within courtrooms, the acceptability of implementing the death penalty comes under scrutiny. As civilization and human rights progress, capital punishment's appropriateness becomes increasingly questionable nationally and globally.

Works Cited

“Capital Punishment”. BBC Ethics. Web. 20 March. 2011. 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/capitalpunishment/

“Death Penalty”. Amnesty International. Web. 20 March. 2011.

http://www.amnesty.org/en/death-penalty

“Morality”. The Free Dictionary. Web. 20 March. 2011.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/morality

Question 1

Should private prisons be used as a way to reduce prison overcrowding? Why, or why not? What do you feel should be done to help mitigate prevention of prison overcrowding? Provide detailed examples, and explain why these would benefit the corrections system.

Response 1

Yes, private prisons should be used to reduce prison overcrowding. In 2006, former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has signed an Emergency Proclamation that authorized the state of California to transfer prisoners to private-out-of-state prisons . The transfer of some inmates to private prisons mitigates prevention of prison overcrowding and it benefits the correction system; however, to the families and friends ...

Juvenile crimes now encompass a significant proportion of the criminal activities in totality. Juveniles require special handling compared to their adults counterparts. This is due to the fact criminal behavior at this period of time is not necessarily continued into adulthood. They are considered to be in a formative period. Hence, rehabilitation is more essential for use among juvenile offenders than adults. There are variations and differences that exist in the programs utilized for juvenile and adult offenders. These differences exist in terms of staff expertise, environment, restraints and force use, education offered, work and access to inmates.
The staff ...

Gender and Racial Discrimination in Public School Punishment

The American education system is based on inequalities and disparities in terms of the treatment that the students get from the administration. This is because the first incidence of disproportionality of punishment based on race and gender was first documented by the children’s defence force in 1975 and up to until now the situation has not changed it is still the same. The differences in the way the students are treated is mostly based on two conditions.

The first condition is the stereotype that is always surrounding the people in different race and gender. White people have always ...

Psychology Questions

PSYCHOLOGY

1.Define prosocial behavior
The activity of helping or being of benefit to someone without having a particular goal to achieve rather than just to help. This view mostly on the consequences of such actions.

The act of doing things just to help but not under the obligation to do so. It focuses more on the desire to just help I.e. more of the actions of helping than the consequences of the acations.

Helping behavior

This is the tendency to always show the altrusic activities

2. .Prosocial behavior as inborn

Is believed that prosocial behavior can be transmitted in genes so ...

Introduction

John Austin is a renowned name in the field of jurisprudence. Etymologically, the word jurisprudence is formed from two words, ‘juris’ meaning law and ‘prudentia’ meaning prudence or knowledge (Anupom, 2011). Jurisprudence can, thus, be defined as the knowledge and science of law that is essential to ensure due justice to the people. Austin’s work was a remarkable start in the direction of the systematic legal system of modern age. Austin’s work emphasised that sanctions are important to ensure conformation to laws and the sovereign is the supreme authority that issues these laws. Austin’s description of ...

Introduction

Many people have largely ignored child development that often occurs from birth to when the child reaches adulthood. Many people in history viewed children as small adults and thus paid little attention to the many changes in children including cognitive abilities, learning and physical growth. People started being interested in the field of child development in the early 20th century after theorists began giving their views. It is important to understand child development in order to determine the cognitive, physical, social, emotional and educational growth that children go through from birth to mature adults. Child development theories provide an ...

Criminology

Contemporary critical criminology and its power on crime and terrorism
Contemporary critical criminology main goal is to assess how criminal law is used as an instrument of social control. O’Conner (2014) states that it views crime as a product of social conflict and economic inequality. Contemporary critical criminology defines power as the economic and social structures that control all human beings. In the past decade or so, critical criminology has been more evident than ever before as many crimes and political notions have risen in the society. Among these crimes is the every growing and very dangerous crime ...

Andrew is a 5th grader who is constantly being summoned to the school Principal’s Office because of being frequently involved in a lot of troubles between his classmates and other students in the school. Andrew is 10 years old, but his physicality appears to be older than his age making him the biggest in his class. His appearance intimidates most of his classmates, which is one of the reasons that none of Andrew’s classmate dares to stand against him because they are afraid to be hurt by Andrew. Andrew’s parents have separated when he was just six years ...

Hate crimes are criminal activities that are committed when person targets another because of their membership in a particular social group. Such social groups include religion, gender, sex, ethnicity and race. Hate crimes are usually motivated by bias, and may result in either injury, assault and murder. These crimes may also include destruction of property, bullying, insults, hate mail, verbal abuse and harassment. It is essential to highlight the difference between hate speech and hate crime as the two terms are often used interchangeably though they do not have the same meaning. Hate speech refers to criminalizing various categories of ...

The prosecutors and police have the common interest cut down crime, arrest criminals and offer fast, sure and particular punishment. Therefore, prosecutors and police are expected to have open communication to facilitate their functions. The two organizations have different responsibilities, but exhibit conflicting views over certain case dispositions. However, their conflicts are considered as evidence for the effective functioning of checks and balances mechanism of the criminal justice system. Therefore, the police should accommodate such checks from prosecutors while prosecutors are expected to provide supervisory functions together with vivid and reasonable explanations. The police are held responsible for their ...

The hegemonic status of the United States military results in unequal and unfair treaties with other, less powerful countries; these treaties often include clauses that make prosecuting the US military men difficult. In this essay, I argue that the military power of the US has created a culture for American soldiers which eliminates potential consequences for violent crimes; this culture has led to an increase in violence against women from other countries as well as against women within the United States military. Assault, murder, and rape by the US military personnel go unpunished. These acts of violence are perceived in ...

1. What did Piaget mean when he said that the preoperational child "lacked conservation"?

Piaget meant that a child does not understand that the properties of an object remain constant even though the physical appearance may have changed. For example, 1L of water in a glass of a diameter of 5cm is equal to 1L of water in a glass whose diameter is 10cm even though they may have seen it being poured out of the same container into the glasses. A child lacks operations to manipulate the idea that the water’s properties are conserved and the amount is the same. Rather, he/ she will see that the water which rises higher in the glass is ...

Question one:

White collar crimes are essentially the non-violent crimes committed by persons of high social status who do not consider themselves as criminals. The individuals are usually in a position of trust. They choose to violate that trust and, as a result, deleterious ramifications follow. Their crimes affect thousands of households. Countries have stipulated steep penalties to white collar crimes. In China, the punishment for white collar crimes is the death penalty. In the United States of America, steep penalties were stipulated after the Jeffery Skilling and Enron Scandal. President Bush signed into law the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, in 2002 which provided for ...

Analyses of Gang Laws Impact Gangs' Membership in Los Angeles

Problem analysis

Just like any other major city, Los Angeles has had a very high level of gang related activities over the years. Unfortunately, the numbers of gang related activities suggest that Los Angeles’s gang problem is significantly higher than most cities in the United States. Notably, researchers argue that it is due to the high numbers of illegal Mexican immigrants who seek shelters in the cities. In addition, activist activities by black idealist also acted a foundation to some of the major gangs that contribute to the numbers in Los Angeles. The streets of downtown Los Angeles are home ...

Introduction

Ever since the police and related agencies within states and the Federal Government initiated mechanisms for keeping data on crime, it has become easier to deduce the trends in criminal behavior and hence channel resources as duly required in combating such crimes. From statistical data gathered over a period of time; state machineries are able to restructure their strategies so that they better adapt to the changing face of criminality. The government can also rely on such data to initiate discussions that may precipitate to policy formulation, drafting of legislations, and development of the necessary institutional framework.

The state of ...

The article of Berman and Fox (2009) presented the history of D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Research Education) program, and the main objective of the program which is to prevent drug addiction among the youth. For this study, the police officers were required to undergo trainings in order to lead educational sessions in local schools. The main purpose of the program is to educate young children of the long-term impact of teen drug abuse. The study revealed that those teens coming from suburban towns are more prone to be lured to drug addiction.

The problem or issue presented in this article ...

Crime and the criminal justice system

Crime is an act that violates or breaks a given set of rules or laws and which may lead to the person being prosecuted. Crimes vary from region to region and also from the different countries. The constitution governs acts of crime, disputes and also defines the laws of a county or country. When a person commits a crime, the kind of action to be taken against that person and the equivalent punishment are defined within the laws.

Basis through which the society determines the criminality of an individual’s actions

The society uses two main models to determine criminal acts. A violation of any of the issues addressed by this model leads to a criminal act ...

Abstract

The book of Job is regarded as a literature of wisdom. It is one of the books of the Old Testament. Through the years this book has been praised extravagantly. Luther ounces said that the book of Job is sublime and magnificent and that there is no other book of the scriptures that can be compared to it. Carlyle also making his contribution about the book of Job said that it has no equal in and out of the bible. The book of Job comprises of three sections: the prologue, epilogue and the conclusion. Both the prologue and epilogue are ...

In the most unlikely places are literary themes that are eerily similar. Such is the case for “The Ballad of Reading Gaol,” In Cold Blood, and “The Crucible,” a poem by Oscar Wilde, a novel by Truman Capote, and a play by Arthur Miller, respectively. Although each of these pieces of literature deal with different time periods and different experiences, each discusses the darkness inside the human soul, the piercing reality of very banal, human evil that burns inside most people. While Capote’s characters chase the ghost of a murderer around a complex, interwoven plot, Miller’s characters fight against a corrupt, hysterical system ...

Ring of Gyges is a story that tries to demonstrate that people are only ethical out of fear of punishment. In addition, people would do whatever they desired if they had no fear. According to Glaucon, people obey the laws only from fear of punishment. The only four reasons I can provide for obeying the law that do not involved punishment or reward; good will, moral virtue, belief, and freedom.

People obey the laws because they accepted the right of legal authorities to make rules that regulate their behavior. Good will is an absolute good in itself and good in ...

Solitary Confinement: Forced isolation-issues and concerns

One of the more disquieting trends prevailing in the American correctional system is the rising instances of drawn out and at times fixed practices of cruel solitary isolation in “supermax” prisons to detain prisoners that the government deem as extremely dangerous. Majority of these prisoners are detained for extended periods in solitary confinement facilities. In a number of states and in the Federal correctional system, there are a number of inmates that have been literally sent to harsh solitary confinement for all of their sentences in prison. For example, a set of prisoners in the Ohio correctional system have been designated ...

Good Will and Happiness in the Society

- Define the term categorical imperative and give at least three examples of categorical imperatives that you believe in.

According to the Kantian moral psychology, he holds that the categorical imperative is the fundamental principle of our moral duties. A categorical imperative refers to the moral command or obligation that is universally and unconditionally binding for all members of a given society. The Kantian moral philosophy believes that members of the society treat each other in a manner that they would also wish to be treated (MacKinnon, 2013). The categorical imperative, or command, therefore, guides the morality of human beings since ...

Criminal Law

1.) a.) Observation and psychological testing in the assessment, selection and treatment of mentally ill offenders is important in order to creating a successful treatment program these offenders and to promote the public safety and security. It is difficult task on the part of the criminal justice system to pool together professionals who have the knowledge to understand the consequences imposed by both the criminal justice system and mental health treatment. At the same time, it is recommended that mental health professionals should be able to take into consideration the issues surrounding forensic patients, with the help of forensic clinicians ...

In any organization, the human resource function plays a key role in determining rate of success or failure of the business. In fact the role played by the employees of any company is the single most important determinant of the outcome of business and the general goodwill of the same. It is due to this reason that human resource management forms one of the key functions of business and the manner in which it is undertaken goes a long way in the determination of the general internal operating environment of a business. In this regard, it is of primeval importance that the ...

The safety intervention intends to ensure that the victims of assaults are kept safe from their oppressors. This process includes separating the victim, usually a woman, from their assailant by offering them a different shelter and ensuring they do not meet with their abusers. This separation is subjected to legal orders which restrict them from being together and it aims at protecting the victim from her assailant. On the other hand, Intervention through punishment relies on the law as its strategy in helping battered women prosecute and punish the batterers through courts. The laws treat these cases as criminal case and ...

Over a long period of time, the federal government has had struggles in instituting the rules and guidelines on matters of sentencing. This is so because of the sensitivity of the judicial sentencing authority especially following the Reform Act of 1984 which came as a replacement to the former traditional sentencing policy. The Reform Act of 1984 is a more strict authority which is proscribed by the enactment of mandatory guidelines to deal with sentencing. There also arose the limitation brought by the Supreme Court’s decision on the constitutional grounds with the exercise of mandatory guideline provided for in the sentencing ...

The level of guilt associated with a crime can often differ according as to who makes that decision: the prosecutor, jury, or judge. The degree of guilt determines the criminal penalty the defendant can be sentenced with.

In the United States, crimes have a very narrow definition; therefore, a person charged with a crime knows exactly what they are being charged with, and which elements the prosecutor must prove for him to be found guilty. The defendant also knows what defenses he can use to prove his innocence. Furthermore, should the defendant be found guilty of a crime, any criminal penalty imposed on the ...

Discipline is an indispensable requisite that offers a firm framework that aids in a better development of the learning communities. Discipline is classified as a policy, and implemented in all schools, in the achievement and satisfaction of motley needs of both normal and the distinctive students, and the panoramas of the local community that comprises of service providers, families and the wider community. In relation to this, Sarno (2007) affirms that discipline is fundamental training that is expected to produce a delimitate pattern of behavior, which amounts to moral or mental improvement, reflection of responsibility and manifestation of integrity among the students, both ...

Question 1

The teacher should act professionally in the classroom. A teacher should dress in a professionally acceptable manner and should observe all the ethical standards expected of him in the classroom.
The teacher should be understanding of all the needs of the learners in a classroom. In this way, the teacher will be able to effectively meet the specific needs of each learner and achieve the objectives set out for the classroom.
In the classroom, the teacher should engage the learners in the learning process. This will make the classroom activities interesting and will enable the teacher have and maintain ...

Discuss models and theories for working with selected AOD target groups. Your answers should be presented in total approximately 1000 words.

Part A - Models

You will need to select one of the six models of AOD use to answer the questions below. They are: public health, moral, disease, psychodynamic, psychosocial, and socio-political.

Questions

1. Briefly outline one model of AOD use and describe how each model explains AOD misuse.
Drug and alcohol abuse is clearly linked to socio-political contexts. In framing the disease within the socio-political model, one must first understand the premise that our social behaviors are formed from a framework of our exposure in life to different people, things, and environments, and that these exposures help us ...

There have been several theories and perspectives that have been advanced in the past. The criminal theories expose many instances of the oppressive practices of domination, inhumanity, and inequality in the structure of power in most communities. In the classical theory by Beccaria, the argument is that the benefits of the crime outweigh the costs involved in committing that crime. The theory is influenced byrational choice especially in deterrence. The punishment in this theory was not based on substantial evidence, but it was rather based on deterrence so that crime offenders could avoid participating in certain crimes due to ...