Police Literature Reviews Samples For Students

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview
- Body Armor: Introduction
- History

In modern times, security forces and military personnel use body armor to mitigate the likelihood of serious injury while engaged in their professional activities. However, the use of body armor is by no means a new phenomenon. From the earliest times that man developed weapons, he has also produced means of providing protection against weapons wielded by others, including the use of body armor. Early man used comparatively primitive methods, but as civilizations developed and techniques advanced, body armor evolved. Whilst the soldiers of ancient Greece ...

Impacts of Police Corruption on the Community of Paterson

Impact of Police Corruption on the Community of Paterson
Introduction
Corruption by the police is an act that involves the police acting beyond their powers by demanding money from people and in an unreasonable manner. Though the actions may be in relation to their duty, further revelations dictate that police corruption accompany excess force. Inhuman treatment is another aspect of police corruption. Police corruption pauses impacts on any community under the exercise of the vile (Mouris, 2013). Among the impacts, we have categories that take the form of social, economic, political, psychological and religious dimensions (Council of ...

Introduction

There are various approaches to the conduct of work in the criminal justice system. Due to this, there are different methods that police officers and other law enforcement authorities work and cooperate in order to detect, investigate and prosecute offenders in the country. This literature review will critically evaluate groundbreaking definitions and various theories and concepts relating to problem oriented policing and the research and evaluation systems or approaches in the criminal justice system.

Section 1: Problem-Oriented Policing

There are different definitions of the concept of problem-oriented policing. “Problem-oriented policing is more concerning with solving a particular problem and having an outcome”. This implies ...

Literature review

There has been research regarding the efforts of recruiting new police officers into service. There are various efforts that have been undertaken by different police departments in order to enhance the recruitment efforts. Having this knowledge will help understand what works and what does not work in the process. Information from this literature review will help San Jose department come up with their own framework for recruiting new police officers. There have been police recruitment issues and problems across the United States due to economical and social issues and challenges. The United States is faced with exodus of police ...

Abstract

The following paper is dedicated to analyzing the prerequisites, state and consequences of drugs-related police corruption. Importance of highlighting results of research on the following issues is connected with the fact that trafficking in drugs, facilitated with the help of police corruption, has a great negative impact on drug abuse, especially in large cities with a high incidence of drug trafficking. Apart from studying the nature and extent of known drug-related police corruption, I will single out factors, commonly being associated with drug-related police corruption, including violence, as well as study current policies and programs, aimed at combating these issues. In ...

Literature Review

Literature Review
Automobile is an essential means for social and economic mobility. Cars in particular have brought convenience and transportation benefits and became a significant symbol of culture, innovation, and progress. However, the proliferation of cars presents several opportunities for criminal activities such as theft. Key cities in the United States are experiencing high prevalence if car theft cases and among the regions with the highest rate of cars stolen is the Dallas Country in Texas. Due to the imminent increase in car theft cases in the area, local law enforcement units are finding more effective anti-car theft solutions ...

Analysis of the effect of school violent crime on academic achievement in Chicago

Introduction

A survey was conducted by the Consortium on Chicago School Research (CCSR) which explores students’ feelings of safety, discipline, and trust at school. This study uses eight years of individual student data from the entire Chicago Public School district between 2002 and 2010. The crime data have been taken from the Chicago Police Department and the complete administrative records from the Chicago Public Schools. Some questions were asked in this survey—how safe do students feel. The survey also finds out the students’ emotional connection with their teachers(DeVoe et al, 2010) . Eventually they were asked how often ...

This chapter presents a detailed review of various literature materials from independent sources that provide information about the effort by the department of homeland security to deter domestic terrorism. As earlier mentioned in the first chapter domestic violence entails carrying out criminal activities within the homeland while getting inspiration from extremist movements and ideologies based within the US. Such activities have lead to the killing of innocent American citizens and destruction of property around the country. In most cases, prosecution of these criminal activities is not done under terrorism laws despite their nature of being considered terrorist activities. Even though ...

Sunglasses - False Consciousness

In this picture, a pair of sunglasses is placed on a tablecloth, folded and pointing toward the viewer. These sunglasses are indicative of the Marxist thesis of false consciousness, wherein the capitalist machine creates a false sense of happiness and harmony between social classes. In reality, the rich control the poor but the poor do not quite know it. This harsh reality is overshadowed by materials and institutions that place importance on consumerism and capitalism as a means to accrue happiness. With the potential for wealth dangled in front of a public that does not see the truth, people can actively vote or work ...

EFFECTIVENESS OF NO- HIGH SPEED CHASE policies by law enforcers

The main purpose of this research will be focused on the studying the effectiveness of no-high speed case of law enforcement agencies. The recent Supreme Court decision of Timothy Scott vs. Victor Harris which involved high-speed pursuits by law enforcement officers is one of the cases to be considered to test the effectiveness of no-high speed case policies by law enforcement agencies (Hoffman, 2007). In this particular case, it was the first time that a case was decided by the high court by taking into consideration a video of the incident which was also posted on its website to ...

Law

THE LEGALIZATION OF MARIJUANA IN COLORADO
Introduction
The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of the legalization of marijuana in the state of Colorado by covering the following issues: 1.) the positive and negative effects of legalizing marijuana within the state; 2.) the effect of marijuana on public health and safety; 3.) the economic advantages after Amendment 64 was approved in the state of Colorado; 4.) the effect of decriminalizing marijuana to the police and law enforcement agencies. The outcome of the research will be an evaluation of the overall impact of the legalization of marijuana ...

One particular response to the recent shootings perpetrated by white officers on subaltern victims has brought into question whether or not police officers should be equipped with cameras in order to function as a "third eye" they would provide objective truth when it comes to certain contentious incidents. Drover & Ariel (2015) address the lack of studies done on body worn cameras by police officers. The article presents a study that documents a Police leaders’ implementation of a randomized controlled trial of the use of body work cameras. The main objectives are to identify the challenges to implementing a trial and identify how they were ...

Backgrounnd

In today's political climate, much discussion centers around the facts of marijuana policy in national discussions and debates. On the one hand are the scientific and medical policy discussion which consider continuously whether marijuana is in fact detrimental to your health or whether there are some if any benefits. On the other side of the fence are the social policy wonks who argue continuously over marijuana policy and its legal status in contemporary American jurisprudence. Marijuana legalization discussions are not simply a question of whether the law should permit the use and possession of marijuana (however, this is one ...

Domestic violence is one of the leading causes of death amongst women. Women are much more likely than men to be the victim of violence at the hands of their significant others or families, but handling the situation can be very delicate. If law enforcement officials and the legal system as a whole is not careful with the way it handles domestic violence cases, the violence can often escalate, ending in severe injury or death.
In the present paper, the different models for approaching domestic violence cases for individuals in positions of authority are investigated, as well as the ...

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

- Body Armor: Introduction

- History

In modern times, security forces and military personnel use body armor to mitigate the likelihood of serious injury while engaged in their professional activities. However, the use of body armor is by no means a new phenomenon. From the earliest times that man developed weapons, he has also produced means of providing protection against weapons wielded by others, including the use of body armor.
Early man used comparatively primitive methods, but as civilizations developed and techniques advanced, body armor evolved. Whilst the soldiers of ancient Greece used shields ...

Introduction

Many people frequently use the words “homicide” and “murder” interchangeably, but they are not the same. Homicide is a legal term referring to any killing of human by another human being. On the other hand, murder requires the intent to kill another human being. Homicide involves any death where a person has a fault, but there appears mitigating circumstances that can influence the charge of homicide. Those convicted of murder carry two charges, which include homicide and the malicious intent to kill. The United States laws carve exceptions form some killings, which would otherwise fall under criminal laws against murder or manslaughter. ...

Gun control in the United States is one of the most hotly debated issues in the country as of late; given the increase in prominence of school shootings, and the proliferation of gang violence in major metropolitan areas, many people wonder what the potential effects of gun control might be. Some argue that gun control removes a vital Constitutional right to bear arms and increases crime by only allowing criminals to have guns, whereas others believe that gun control itself is an effective deterrent to crime by removing the sheer number of guns off the streets. There is strong evidence on ...

Introduction

The problem of crime is a prevalent one in the society. Law enforcement works toward ensuring the least possible of such occurrence as would be termed criminal activity. In order for this, the process utilizes criminal risk assessment as means to determine the probability of criminal activity. Criminal risk assessment allows the system to determine whether a criminal is likely to perpetrate an act of crime again. In this manner, law enforcement assures the society of a more secure environment. The process of risk assessment engages more than one tool for assessment in order to ensure the highest possible levels of accuracy. ...

Introduction

Anna Funder’s Stasiland is a text that narrates about a group of people who struggled against the East German government, and those that become members of the Stasi, the regime’s secret police. The story revealed how the citizens who were against the Stasi system were automatically regarded as state enemies. They become the subject of scrutiny and pressure as their moves is watched for the even a minor suspicion of disobedience. In Stasiland, the author presented the different experiences of East German citizens, all of whom shared their first-hand stories that depicted how they suffered from the ...

Introduction

Five states within the USA have the legislation governing the legalized realization of marijuana in small amounts. Colorado is not an exception as the majority of the population in this union support this policy. Given the fact that the issue of the impact of the legalization of marijuana has not been researched properly by the experts, this paper will present the overwiev of the major studies pertaining to this question. Nowadays, the population believe that marijuana should be treated in the similar manner to the regulation of the realization of alcohol and tobacco in the country.
Despite the fact ...

Introduction

The several miscarriages of justice have been determined through the last years within the United Kingdom. However, current judicial system in the country is facing the radical question whether the justice system required the profound reformation. At first it should be said that miscarriage of justice represents the mishap and failure in achievement of certain goal. This failure exists in form of failure to attain the desired result which should be delivered by the state body having the judicial authority. The issue of efficiency in work of the Crown Prosecution Service in the prevention of the miscarriages in justice ...

Paper I (s1)

Teo, P. (2000). Racism in the News: A Critical Discourse Analysis of News Reporting in Two Australian Newspapers. London: Sage Publications. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 7-49.

RESEARCH TOPIC

Racism in the news: a Critical Discourse Analysis of news reporting in two Australian newspapers.
RESEARCH QUESTION(S)
- What is the probe for ideological construction of racism imbricated within the structure of newspaper reporting?
- Is there evidence of systematic ‘othering and stereotyping of ethnic community by the white majority?

METHODOLOGY

Data: News reports and articles, political interviews
- The newspaper headlines were used to express a high form of ...

A Review of Literature

INTRODUCTION
The United States has currently been struggling with a great deal of political warfare, social unrest and public protest from the inside and from terrorism, global criticism and immigration battles from the outside. There are so many issues that the subjects of debate seem endless. One of the most controversial and often debated issues today is gun control. There is no doubt that it is incredibly dangerous when offenders are armed when they commit crimes like burglary or in a car-jacking; more so when these offenders have every premeditated intent to kill. At the same time, not everyone ...

Police Brutality in the US

A Research Report
The Research
The research organization called Congressional Research Service engaged in a study to tackle one of the biggest issues that has been plaguing the United States for many years. The research report entitled “Public Mass Shootings in the United States: Selected Implications for Federal Policy Health and Safety Policy” was accomplished to help the public gain awareness and to be able to protect themselves from the grave threat of mass shootings. Jerome P. Bjelopera was the coordinator of the research, accompanied by Erin Bagalman, Sarah Caldwell, Kristin Finklea, and Gail McCallion. All of these hard ...

Introduction

Gun control debate has attracted heated debate on whether the use of gun should be controlled or should not in the United States. Different political sides have assumed hardline stands on the issue. This is evident from the proponents for gun legislation control and the opponents for the control of gun use. President Barack Obama has made his intentions clear on gun control in congress. This was exclusively after the Sandy Hook Elementary shooting. Obama confirmed his proposal on the need of congress to pass the legislations that will check the ownership and usage of guns. The legislation should ...

Earley, Pete (2012). The Serial Killer Whisperer: How One Man's Tragedy Helped Unlock the Deadliest Secrets of the World's Most Terrifying Killers. Touchstone. New York City: NY. ISBN-13: 978-1439199039.

Purpose of the book

The purpose of “The Serial Killer Whisperer” is revelation. The minds of serial killers and serial murders have fascinated us through investigative documentaries, sitcoms and Hollywood blockbusters (Schmid, 2005). The information that is portrayed to us in these mediums is generally violent and usually illogical behavior on part of the serial offender. This book, however, reveals a different side to the readers. The side that eludes investigators and criminal profilers; the ...

The article by Jamelle Bouie was written amidst the recent riots that just occurred in Baltimore after the death of Freddie Gray who died while in police custody. Janelle’s article captures the events that followed after what Baltimore residents considered as police brutality from the street riots, looting and burning of buildings, a curfew placement and declaration of a state of emergency. Jamelle also explains Baltimore’s failed past decisions that were made over 100 years ago that define the riots in Baltimore. The audience in this article is not directed to any group of people specifically. Anyone can read ...

Profiling has become one of the most successful and productive method to solve crimes. Within the recent decades police has been working side by side with psychiatrists and psychologists to create a specific algorithm to profile and catch the offenders that were believed to be “uncatchable". FBI turned out to be the most prominent in this field of research. Profiling nowadays is a combination of law enforcement and science, especially psychology. It is used on a daily basis; however, it is still a new filed of science without many definitions or boundaries. Therefore, it's a common thing for its practitioners to come up with ...

Management

Goss (2005), in Building a Contingency Menu: Using Capabilities-Based Planning for Homeland Defense and Homeland Security, says that Homeland Defense and Security planners need to develop a contingency plan to neutralize potential terrorist threats. Because of their shrewd and adaptive strategies, the Department of Homeland Defense and Security agency has come up with the concepts of ‘lines of operation’ ‘capabilities’ as the dynamics to define and explain potential and likely interactions. Moving from the more rational idea of, ‘who is the threat?’ to ‘what could the threat do?’ has given Homeland Defense and Security planners a broader spectrum of possibilities to explore ...

Introduction

Aboriginal women undergo a lot of distress as victims in a typical Canadian society. They are discriminated against and fall victims of sexism, racism and domestic violence. The Canadian justice system has not been at par either, to offer them any form of protection from these assaults. Noticeably, Aboriginal women are the ones commonly affected, for instance, they compose the highest percentage in the prison systems than their fellow counterparts. Across the various communities in Canada, a common fact stands out, that the plight of the Aboriginal women must be given priority, in all facets of the society, from the social to ...

Book Review – “Monster of Florence: A True Story”

Book Review – “Monster of Florence: A True Story”

Introduction

Review of the book, "The Monster of Florence: A True Story by Douglas Preston with Mario Spezi published in its first edition 2008 shows the publisher as New York: Grand Central Publishing. The author presents the story over 36 chapters divided in two parts – the first about the background of the decades- long mystery and the second focusing on the current investigation. This review includes comments about the author, a summary, and discussion about the material presented.
According to MacLeod-Johnson (2013) the author of “Monster of Florence: A True Story” Douglas ...

Overcrowding or overpopulation in prisons is defined as a situation when prison(s) hosts more prisoners contrary to the certified normal accommodation (CNA) as stipulated in the establishment’s requirements (Garcia & Marco, 2012, p. 37). This can be validated when there is the scarcity of rooms for inmates to sleep. Besides, the inability of facilities to offer adequate meals or food, poor health care services for inmates, insufficient staff who can care for inmates and ensure their safety as well as the lack of designated accommodation facilities necessary for detaining separately various types of prisoners, more so those that ...

“Saboteur” by Ha Jin is the short story I chose to do my literary analysis on. It is a story about a man, recently married, sitting and having a meal with his new wife while waiting for their train to arrive. Next to the couple, a couple of police officers acting rowdy splash tea onto Mr. and Mrs. Chiu’s feet. Mr. Chiu stands to reprimand and complain about their inappropriate behavior, only to be taken to jail. While in jail, he is pressured to make a false confession blaming himself for being arrested due to public disruption. He refuses and is placed back ...

In the days, months and years after the murder of Matthew Shepard in Laramie, Wyoming the entire country and indeed most of the world focused heavily on the victim’s sexuality and the motives behind his murderer’s savagery. For them, Matthew Shepard was reduced to a representation of the LGBT cause; a poster boy of sorts. However, for the people of Laramie, Matthew Shepard represented more than that. In this essay, I attempt to analyze the reactions a number Laramie residents to the events surrounding Matthew Shepard’s murder and the effect this had on them as portrayed in Moises Kaufmann’ ...

WriterCourseDateInstructor

Introduction
There are number of alcohol related issues that are preferably associated with social and disciplinary aspects of society. While conducting analysis it has been significantly analyzed that the use of alcohol has implicate various adverse impacts on family and social life of an individual involve. Australian society avoids hearing the fact that the society is suffering from huge number of alcoholic issues. At the same time there are number of other overseas nations that represents to have serious issues with alcohol. In reference to Australia, it has been examined that in Victoria alcoholic related issues cost more ...

Introduction

In the late 1960s, around the year 1968 and 1969, university students ganged up into coalitions that consequently came to bear the name Third World Liberation Front (TWLF). These coalitions were made of the African American, Asian American, Chicano and the Native American students who were enrolled in the several universities and colleges in America. These universities and colleges included San Francisco State College and University of California, which is found in Berkeley. The TWLF coalitions organized and led national student strikes, pushing for the establishment of Third World Colleges. Majority of these students were culprits of racism. In ...

Factors that Influence Purchasing Relationship in Automobile Industry of China

Introduction
The USA, Western Europe, and Japan markets for the automobiles are almost stagnating causing an increased attention and concern to the world automotive industry. They have turned their interest in China market for cars. This is associated with the fast growing economy in China unlike that of European nations and the USA. The Chinese market for cars is indeed the turning point for all auto companies. The environment is conducive to start production in China to supply the potential markets and then export from there to other world markets. This literature will focus on the purchasing relationship in ...

Literature Review

Sexuality and gender are social constructs, which may differ depending on the norms of society (Reis & Carothers, 2014). In a heterocentric society, certain attributes are reserved to describe either male or female individuals, with characteristics such as aggressive and strong being relegated to males and women being considered as more caring and emotional (Reis & Carothers, 2014). However, not all individuals fit neatly within the categories dictated by society and the challenges of individuals who are treated as “outliers” of society’s norm can be overwhelming, leading to emotional and physical distress, bullying, and social inequalities that have the ability to impact ...

INTRODUCTION

Substance abuse, be it alcohol, drugs, or tobacco is a serious problem in almost every neighborhood, community, town, city, or state in the United States and all across the globe. The types of drugs and the environments may change, but the outcome is always the same; addiction usually, leads to or stems from economic instability and poor decision making, which goes hand-in-hand with substance abuse. People across all demographics are affected by substance abuse in this modern age. People from all walks of life, different races, ages, genders, and religious backgrounds, all can be affected by substance abuse. This is ...

The play Ma Rainey’s contains several characters who wield power over the other, and their circumstances. Power in this instance is an individual who has go the ability to influence another person’s circumstances by their actions or inactions. A person who thus has this attribute in them, gains the advantage of soliciting their partner’s bidding at will by playing into their power over them. Power in a character is an important ingredient in the play as it helps run the plot and sequence of the play by creating both opportunities and conflicts for the progression. In understanding ...

The urge to tackle the reception of the arts is what differentiates the criticism Daniel Mendelsohn has on the United 93 film that depicts the happenings of September 2001 in the US. He has mastered the ability to pen down his reviews as commentaries in a cultural manner. His article September 11 at the Movies is one artistic response to the film United 93 that defines that day. Moments before the towers got hit; Daniel says his mind was on a classical Greek drama the Aeschylus’ Persians that is a true example of a real historical event (Mendelsohn, 43). This thought is what ...

Introduction

Domestic violence against women for the past decades has been rated as the one of the major social, justice and relationship problem. The most crucial factor in this case is the realization of feminism. In the past years intimate abuse was seen as a relationship problem, the current public engagement concerning the realities of abuse has led to domestic violence being taken seriously than before. So many organizations have come up with support programs for the victims, shelter, laws, studies, treatment programs and innovation of professional ways of handling the victims and the offenders. New approaches continue to be introduced ...

On September 17th, 2011, a group of local organizers, students and activists gathered in Zuccotti Park in Manhattan, the New York City’s financial district in protest against corporate greed and government exploitation that contributed to the global economic meltdown. This international protest movement was called Occupy Wall Street (OWS) which expresses concerns on moral and economic issues such as social injustice, income inequality and disparity, corruption, greed and the influence of corporations on politics.

Moral and Economic Implications

The movement’s moral implication is to fight against oppression and unfair economic system urging the government to focus its concern for the 99% who ...

The American dream is a set of values, ideals and freedoms. These values also include success achieved through determination and hard work. James Adams Truslow in 1931 defined the American dream as the effort to make people’s life better and richer giving them an opportunity to exploit their abilities and enjoy their achievements The American dream is rooted in the declaration of independence by Thomas Jefferson, which agitates that all men are equal. This essay will look at the theme of the American dream as was envisioned in the Declaration of Independence.
On July 1776, the second constitutional ...

Fyodor Dostoyevsky's existentialist 1864 novel Notes from the Underground tells the tale of the Underground Man, a rambling, incoherent, and bitter civil servant in St. Petersburg. The novel's story is told from the perspective of this strange and mercurial character, in the form of monologues and diary entries that convey the man's potentially skewed perspective. While we see the world through his eyes (and therefore his morals), the Underground Man is most decidedly an anti-hero in his actions and attitudes. Unlike most virtuous heroes in fiction, an anti-hero does not fight for a greater cause, nor does he stand up for ...

In addition to the fact that Tiebout's assumptions are unrealistic, as mentioned before, even with these assumptions he did not provide a mathematical proof of the equilibrium in his article. Some scholars tried to formalize the model and suggest that the model does not work as we would expect from a pareto optimal general equilibrium model. Bewley (1981) showed that Tiebout equilibrium does not have a Pareto optimal solution unless we add some other restrictive assumptions to the model. He provided a series of examples which highlights the inefficiency of Tiebout model. Moreover, as the reviewed literature shows, relaxing Tiebout’s assumption does ...