Cylinder Reports Samples For Students

Calculations and Analysis

Analysis questions from lab: Part 1
Which side of the pan balance is lifted as you poured in the water? Was the solid cylinder forced up by the buoyant force of the water?

The left side; yes, slightly.

What happened to the left pan as you added water to the hollow cylinder? What can you say about the volume of the water you added to the hollow cylinder and the volume of the water (in the beaker) displaced by the solid cylinder? According to Archimedes' principle, should these volumes be the same?
As water was added to the hollow cylinder, the left ...

Lab Report: Four Stroke Internal Combustion Engine Simulation

Introduction
Internal combustion engines work utilizing the results of combustion as the working liquid as opposed to as heat exchange medium. The combustion is carried out in a way so as to yield high pressure gaseous products with sufficient energy to rotate a turbine or move a piston. The development of these high pressure systems presents various elements that significantly impact the formation of contaminations.
There are three essential categories of internal combustion engines: (1) the spark ignition engines that are usedto drive automobiles; (2) the diesel engines, which is are used to run heavy vehicles and heavy machinery; ...

Objective

Main objectives of this lab are:
learn and practice to use a graduated cylinder, pipet, and buret for volume measurements;
determine average volume of a water drop using volumetric ware;
find the density of liquid and a solid using mass and volume measurements.

Hypothesis

Average percent difference indicates volumetric ware’ accuracy and precision. In this lab pipet out of all volumetric ware will have the highest accuracy and precision and, therefore, lowest average percent difference.

Materials

In this lab, the following materials were used:
graduated cylinders;
beakers;
burets;
plastic droppers;
pipets;
rubber stoppers;
unknown liquids.

Procedure

The graduated cylinder
The graduated cylinder ...

Abstract

Concrete acts as one of the most essential and cost-effective construction material made from a mixture of sand, cement, aggregates, and water. Cement acts as a binder for holding all the components together. Engineers working in the construction site must understand the purpose of the construction because different structures require different concrete strengths. The strength of cement paste used controls the overall strength of concrete that depends on the water-cement ratio. The following experiment was conducted to investigate different mechanical and physical properties of concrete.

Objective: To determine mechanical properties of concrete.

Materials used: Aggregate (coarse and fine), sand, cement, water, compressive machine, cylindrical and rectangular molds, timer, ...

Lab- Accumulator

Purpose
The purpose of this lab report is to understand the working of accumulator machine in the various working environment.
Theory
A useful application of the accumulator is to provide the ready source of the hydraulic power; thus the pump is running constantly. This application permits the small pump and the accumulator are to deliver a high output for the required intervals of time. The pressure switch is being used to charge the accumulator in the pressure level. The hydraulic solid pressure is sufficient for this operation. The regular piston accumulator is used as the mounting bar. ...

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Introduction
The invention and eventual development of internal combustion engines marked a significant stage in the evolution of engines since it provided a way for industrialists and engineers to build an engine that would suit various applications. Unlike the bulky and messy steam engines, internal combustion engines opened the possibilities of creating smaller, but more efficient engines that can be mounted on different types of machineries. The most common applications of which are in transport vehicles such as the engines used in automobiles, trucks, vessels and planes. Moreover, internal combustion engines are also used in non-mobile applications such as ...

Falling Ball Viscometer

Objective:
Purpose of the Falling Ball Viscometer experiment was to measure the viscosity of glycerin or glycerol by using falling ball viscometer technique.

Background:

When a body falls in a liquid under the force of gravity, it accelerates until weight of the body is balanced by the buoyancy force and drag force. Terminal velocity is gained by the body at this point. Viscosity of the liquid can be evaluated by measuring this terminal velocity of the body in the liquid.
In this experiment a steel sphere was allowed to fall in glycerol and dynamic viscosity of glycerol was measured by using ...

Introduction

This experiment is about the experimental measurement of the density of different substances using laboratory measuring equipment. The four measuring equipment used are the following: the digital caliper, the digital micrometer, the traditional platform balance, and the digital scale. The first two instruments are for measuring length; the last two are for measuring mass. These instruments have varying levels of precision and will be used accordingly as needed in the experiment. The dimensions of the substance will be measured using length instruments; after finding the dimensions, the volume of the substance can be computed based on the type of ...

Abstract

A hybrid car is a car used to drive the drive wheels more than one energy source.
Hybrid car called the vehicle driven by using the hybrid power plant. A distinctive feature of the hybrid power plant is to use two or more sources of energy and their corresponding engines that convert energy into mechanical work. Some sources of information used, the term "hybrid engine", which from a technical point of view is incorrect.
Despite the diversity of sources of energy (thermal energy of gasoline or diesel fuel, electricity, compressed air energy, the energy of the compressed liquefied gas, ...

Experiment 5: Vectors and Static Equilibrium of Forces

INTRODUCTION:
In physics, the subject of statics deals with the description of conditions of force system that is necessary to maintain the state of equilibrium of engineering structure. When a body is in equilibrium, the resultant of all forces acting on it is zero. Main condition for static equilibrium is that the vector sum of all the forces acting on a body must be zero. In this report equilibrium was discussed by carrying out an experiment. For an analysis of a vector quantity like force vector operations like vector addition and subtraction are required and in this experiment this vector operation ...

IC ENGINE PERFORMANCE LAB REPORT

Introduction

This experiment examines different characteristics of petrol and diesel engine. It was done with three main objectives: to understand the operational and design characteristics of both petrol and diesel engines, to determine the full-throttle torque and power as well as fuel consumptions attributes, and to experimentally determine the mechanical efficiency of diesel and petrol engines alike. While petrol engines are applied in petrol ICEs, diesel engines can be applied in both heating systems and Diesel ICEs. Diesel engines are known to exhibit more torque at low speed while petrol engines run at high revolutions ...

Report

Introduction:
Greek mathematician Archimedes invented that an object at rest, and partially or completely merged in a fluid (gas or liquid) is acted upon by an upward buoyant force that is of equal magnitude as the weight of the displaced fluid by the object. This is known as Archimedes’ principle of buoyancy. According to the principle, the volume of the displaced fluid is equivalent to the volume of an object that is immersed into a fluid or equivalent to the submerged portion of the object below the fluid surface, and magnitude of the buoyant force is equivalent to the weight ...

Abstract

Ergonomics is a field of applied science that focuses on arranging and designing equipment used by people in a manner that will result in optimized efficiency and safety. The emergence of humanistic management theories has created an emphasis on developing work environments that recognize employee values and needs. One such aspect of these theories is the concept of ergonomics, which recognizes the need for a safe work environment in achieving efficiency and organizational goals. The environment studied in this simulation is a simple workshop that has a computer desk, server, conveyor belt, office chair and two computer monitors. The ...

Abstract

This report acknowledges the various properties associated with plastics and their behaviour when subjected to different conditions of loading. This experiment investigates the mechanical behaviour of five types of polymers which include Silly putty, six pack rings, nylon cable ties, Ply Doh, and Splat Ball. The properties of plastics can be altered to introduce cross-links and thereby introducing constraints to prevent sliding or rotation. The findings of the experiment concluded that temperatures, speed of loading and chemical composition of plastics are determinants of their mechanical behaviours.

Introduction

Polymers play a critical part in day-to-day life as manifested in the numerous applications. ...

Introduction

Accurate and precise measurements are of uttermost importance to chemists everywhere. A measurement is said to be accurate when it is very close to the accepted value. A precise measurement is one in which repeated measures yields values or figures that are very close to one another. However, not all measuring instruments have an equal ability to give accurate and precise measurements. In any given experiment, the techniques and the equipment used to collect data should essentially be of the same precision. In the course of an experiment, there are bound to be less precise measurements and it these ...

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to determine the relationship between the diameter of a steel ball and its terminal velocity in glycerol. Four balls with different diameters were put in a transparent cylinder full of glycerol. The velocity of the ball was calculated based on the time taken for the ball to pass from one mark on the cylinder to another. The results showed that an increase in the diameter of the steel ball leads to an increase in terminal velocity. Besides, the results show that the larger the diameter of the steel ball is, the faster the ...

Falling Ball Viscometer

- Objective
The intent of this experiment is to find the dynamic viscosity of Glycerol by following falling ball viscometer method. Multiple steel spheres will be used to fall down the liquid and the time taken to fall a specific distance will be measured.
- Background
A body falling in a liquid is subjected to gravitational, buoyancy and drag forces which results in the achievement of a terminal velocity of the fall. According to Archimedes principle, we know that buoyant force is equal to weight of the displaced liquid. Implementing these principles, we get following equations, which result in ...

Introduction

At times, industries require the temperatures to be kept below the ambient for some processes to be effective. To do so, they must design ways to eliminate the excess heat generated by machines and introduce an artificial room temperature lower than the ambient. They must effectively eliminate temperatures above the ambient. A refrigerator is thus required in these operations. This refers to a device that can maintain the temperature below the ambient. The primary objective of a refrigeration process is to lower the temperature through heat removal. Since its invention, refrigeration has seen used in many industrial and household ...

Introduction

A refrigerator is an electrical device used in temperature maintenance below ambient temperatures. To achieve this function, the refrigerator should be able to create a heat sink at cold room temperatures a temperature that should be lower than the ambient temperature while at the same time also rejecting heats having higher temperatures than the ambient temperatures. To achieve this refrigerant is forced to undergo evaporation at temperatures lower than the ambient temperature(Griffiths, 1937). When the refrigerant is compressed at high pressure and condensing temperatures above the ambient temperature results in the loss of heat and condensation back to ...

Abstract

In this experiment, two calorimeters were designed and assembled. One was made using Styrofoam cups and another one using glass and foil. The calorimeters were studied for their performance in keeping the heat of the system. They were studied by measuring the heat loss of hot water over time. The heat lost in each calorimeter over 30 minutes was calculated. The calorimeter made of glass worked better and less heat was lost in it. The assembled calorimeters were used to find out the heat of reaction between NaOH and HCl per one mole of water. This value was found ...

Methods of Heat Transfer

Conduction
The first method through which heat is transferred from one object to another is conduction. Conduction occurs in liquids and solids through transfer of kinetic energy present in one particle to the immediate particle(s) in its surrounding. By considering the bonds existing between atoms and molecules in solids as elastic links, the vibration of one particle due to increase energy level caused by heat, the next in its line vibrate too. This process is replicated in adjacent particles thereby allowing transfer of thermal energy from a body with a higher temperature as compared to the one with low ...

Mechanism of hydraulic systems in aircrafts

Hydraulic system in aircrafts consists of a system in which liquid under pressure is utilized to transmit energy. The power from the engine is converted by the hydraulic systems to hydraulic power. Several hydraulic systems existing in an aircraft include the landing gear, brakes doors and control boosters. According to Roskam (2000), some of the components that are part of the hydraulic system include hydraulic fluid reservoir, accumulators, hydraulic pumps, valves, and lines for distribution and controls located in the cockpit to operate the different functions of the hydraulic system.
The hydraulic system has an actuating cylinder that functions ...

INTRODUCTION

Proteins play an essential role in living cells. The basic forming units of those proteins are the amino acids which are made up of similar composition i.e. amine group, carboxyl group and a variable R-group. The laboratory tests to identify these amino acids work on identifying the variable R-groups that distinguishes each amino acid. It is very important to note that all amino acids with alpha-amino group turn purple ranging from pink to deep violet. Proline is the notable exception (only amino acids that turns bright yellow). Proline is the only one with its unique color. Other amino acids has ...

Thermal conductivity is defined as a material’s property to conduct heat. Heat transfer across materials occurs in materials that have lower thermal conductivity and transfers faster in materials with high conductivity. It is important to determine the thermal conductivity of materials since different materials are used for different applications. For instance, materials with high conductivity are more efficient when they are used as heat sinks since they can conduct heat away faster. Those with lower thermal conductivity are often used as insulators (Callister 78).
The classical transfer of energy happens through conduction, radiation, convection or combination of all ...

Introduction

An acid (HA) is defined as that substance that in an aqueous solution that dissociates to yield up H3O+ ion and a conjugate A-, that is;
1

An Equilibrium constant Ka is used to measure the strength of the acid. The constant can be represented as;

2
A strong acid has a very large Ka; its equilibrium moves towards the right-hand side of equation (1). Concentration of dissociated acid [HA] is very small as well. A weak acid has a small Ka (less than one). It is slightly dissociated where H3O+ ion and a conjugate A- concentration is smaller than that of the acid.
An acid/base titration is monitored with an indicator or a pH meter. The aim ...

The Electric Vehicles (EVs)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are known to acquire all their auxiliary power from the inbuilt batteries. The batteries are rechargeable and are charged from the grid electricity. The electric car is normally powered by the electric motor instead of the gas engine. The motor receive its power from the controller which is powered by means of the rechargeable batteries. The technology of EVs is able to provide zero emissions of the Green House Gasses (GHGs) as well as the air pollutants. According to the international energy act of 2011, the electric vehicle can drive at an average range of 150 ...

Introduction

In any field of engineering, precision is very important. This is mainly because any inaccuracy of any kind can have disastrous results. This is the main idea that has led to the increased push for all engineering students to do engineering drawings and dynamics even if the student does not major in any mechanical or structural fields which are mainly known to heavily rely on drawings and design.
In the specific field of study, stress and strain in any component is directly affected by its physical dimensions. This is well explained and exhibited in the experiment in which ...

Aims

1. To observe and investigate the effects of osmosis across the cell membranes of a plant.
2. To investigate the ability of different molecules to diffuse across a selectively permeable membrane.

Introduction

All living cells are enclosed by an outer covering known as plasma or cell membranes. In addition, these plasma membranes serve as barriers between different compartments in the body to confine processes and materials to certain locations. Examples of these processes are diffusion and osmosis which are the main physiological processes that play important roles in the body. Diffusion can be defined as the process by which molecules move ...