International Law Research Papers Samples For Students

Introduction

In Australian jurisprudence it is widely acknowledged that treaties ratified by the government do not assume direct incorporation into Australian law. In most nations or states, treaties are generally not considered part of domestic law unless and until the legislature enact them one way or another. In Australia, the situation is no different. In absence of a legislative process a treaty cannot create rights or impose obligations on the citizenry and residents. But this scenario does not mean that prior to incorporation treaties will not have any effect on Australian law. On the contrary, the Australian High Court held that treaties ...

Research Paper

Abstract
Armed conflicts, both domestic and international, have used children in combat, either directly-- as soldiers-- or indirectly. Children are preferred by numerous commanders because they are more obedient, more easily persuaded, and more loyal than adults. However, this phenomenon has become a national and global issue because of the physical, emotional, and psychological damages it bring to the children who are involved in combat. The international community has actively addressed the issue through legal actions. The 1949 Geneva Conventions and the 1977 Additional Protocols came into being as part of the efforts of the international community to protect ...

Introduction
International laws are designed to aid the maintenance of global order in various spheres. They standardize the methodologies as well as modalities of caring out activities in the international scene. The maintaining of order and standardization is aimed at ensuring that opportunities are distributed fairly among all without fear or favor. In addition to this the international laws are key instruments in the regulation process as it aids in formation of state policies since, the state policies must be in line with international laws in a bid to enhance efficiency and avoid policy conflicts.
In the cooperate ...

The Arab Spring which began in Tunisia snowballed and among the countries that were affected is Syria. However, the events in Syria hardly followed the same course as the events in other countries affected by the Arab Spring. This was because, in most of these countries, the clamor for regime change by the citizens resulted in the removal from power of their then leaders. This was the case in Egypt with the ouster of the then President Hosni Mubarak and in Libya with the ouster of the then President Muammar Gaddafi after an approximately six months civil war in ...

Introduction
The Spanish Civil War is among the most significant domestic conflicts in history that has gained notorious international attention due to its wide-ranging implications. International involvement has become a defining feature of the importance of the war, although more importantly, the war has exposed the political division in Spain at that time – between the Republicans and the victorious Nationalists. This study will seek to inquire more on the essential details of the war, particularly on its historical antecedents and international involvement.

Historical Antecedents

The Spanish Civil War traces its roots on the traditionalist politics of Spain, ...

Torture as a form of weapon has been in practice since ancient times and is a common tool used by the military to extract crucial information from enemy informants and spies. In the US, torture takes place at several different levels. Domestically, the US prison systems are the primary locations where select prisoners can be elaborately tortured in many different ways without the outside world having any knowledge of such happenings. This paper, however, will focus on the known use of torture in the past administrations, torture methods used by the US Military (especially offshore), some of the rules and regulations ...

Introduction

International humanitarian law refers to a set of laws that seek to control the effects of armed conflict. It provides protection to people affected by conflict yet they do not participate in the conflicts. It accomplishes this by limiting the warfare methods and means. This law is part of the international law, which is a set of rules that govern relations among different states. International law is found in conventions, treaties and agreements between states. Additionally, the law is also contained in customary rules consisting of national practice and considered as general principles that are legally binding.
This paper will ...

Answer 1

International law refers to the binding set of rules that govern the relationship between different nations in the world. The primary legal categories in which international laws are accepted by most nations include international economic law, international criminal law, international security law, International human rights, Diplomatic law, international environmental law and international humanitarian law. These substantive fields are rooted in the acceptance by the countries where the system is constituted.
International economic law is a primary category of international law that defines how sovereign states conducts themselves in relation to international economic relations. It also encompasses the conduct of ...

The Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America (Treaty of Tlatelolco), which now also includes all states in the Caribbean just turned 40 years since signature in 1967.
Its importance as a model for other non-nuclear areas, is constant to peace and international securities contribution, which stood and continue placing today in the center of the political and legal interest. Its parallelism with the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) but without Latin American treaty has affected the principle of legal equality of States and has not been an expression of "unequal rights and ...

Abstract

The legal business environment, including laws and regulations formulated to control the conduct of business activities is one of the most important external factors that affect major commercial decisions by business organizations (Pathak, 2013, p. 96). This legal framework influences decision making by businesses right from registration, workplace safety of employees, decisions on employment or dismissals, product safety, business agreements, to financing and marketing decisions (Campbell, 2009, p. 154). Businesses enterprises, according to Miller and Jentz (2011) must always operate within the purview of this legal framework as they make decisions on the various commercial activities, processes and operations ...

Death Penalty for Juveniles:

The application of death penalty for crimes committed by child offenders is strictly prohibited under the international human rights law. Still, there are several nations using this law and are executing juvenile offenders. As against the total number of executions conducted globally, executions of juvenile offenders are few.
The infliction for the death penalties for juveniles, and the number of nations applying it, have been gradually reducing over the past decade. Further, the practice of the execution of minors at the time of their crime has been directly opposed and prohibited by the International Covenant on Civil and ...

Introduction

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks (9/11) on the World Trade Center in New York City and in other parts of the United States (US) has accounted for a heightened sense of anxiety in the international community. With the US, one of the most powerful nations of the world, being the target of the dreadful attacks, the terrorist attacks have served as a strong warning that impresses on the anarchic state of international relations. Considering the event happened at a time when international solidarity is improving through organizations and sub-communities between nations, many changes have taken place in international relations resulting from the ...

The United States has often been labeled as being exceptional as far as international politics are concerned. Exceptionalism is the belief that the U.S. is different compared to other nations because it is tasked with the specific world mission of spreading liberty and democracy. This rooted belief in America’s exceptionalism has been echoed by President Obama’s persistent utter that there could be no contradiction about American exceptionalism. However, growing opposition from various interest groups has attracted criticism on whether there is still much hope about American exceptionalism. Presently, interest groups play the most domineering role in modern ...

International Air Law

Air transport is currently considered the fastest and safest means of transport globally, Passengers want to feel secure when flying from one place to another and expect the airline to be responsible in the event where they experience any form of injury while under the airline’s care. However, the application of treaties and agreements in determining the liability of airlines in instances of accidents has triggered debates as to what extent the airlines are liable for the damages experienced while the plaintiff is onboard. A particular question arises regarding the extent of injuries that an airline can be ...

International Relations-The Problem of the Rise of China

Introduction This research paper explores the issues related to the rise of China as one of contenders for world supremacy in terms of economic and political dominance. In the twenty first century several countries have been considered to have the potential of being superpowers and China has been seen as one of them. It has experienced massive economic growth and political development. The growth in its economy has resulted from the large skilled workforce and the efficient technology that is used in production. This has been accompanied by the strong security within its borders and the formation of a strong military base. ...

Thesis statement

Death penalty, being preserved within the U.S. legal system, has repeatedly become a highly controversial subject in terms of international law-, the U.S. statutory and case law- and ethics-related discourses. For the purposes of future discussing this issue, we would like to state that, in my mind, preserving death penalty in the U.S. system of punishments contradicts international legal and ethical norms. To be more precise in legal terms, death penalty is the punishment, aimed at taking away person’s right to life, which is considered to be most important basic human right.

The issue

In the U.S. the usage of death ...

The U.S. Use of Drones

Introduction

Over the past 10 years, the use of drones (or unmanned aerial systems) by the U.S. Government has undergone expansion in location, frequency and scope. From the year 2001 to the year 2012, the United States military has enhanced its drone inventory from 50 to about 750 drones. An estimated 5% of these can be armed. As such, drones are fast becoming a primary weapon for the U.S. They are critical tool in war against militant and terrorist organizations all over the world. Drones have huge capabilities and advantages over other intelligence and weapon systems. ...

Introduction

Genocide was born out of the whims of political leaders whose powers met no restraints in the form of any formal convention. Political leaders gain motivation to commit genocide from their sheer dislike towards differences, often defined through nationality, religion and race, among others. Genocidal events have imbued a lasting negative impression throughout generations that have succeeded, especially on groups of people whose ancestors have gone through the plight of mass killings. With that kind of awareness in mind, contemporary politics has become more sensitive in limiting the powers of political leaders. Notions ...

Introduction

When it comes to public health policies, there are a number of barriers that hinder successful implementation, both at the community level as well as at the global level. These barriers come in many different forms, including sources of funding, the influence of parties with vested interests, as well as the stipulated time frames in which the polices are required to be enacted. These barriers have the potential to hamper the public health care system of any given community. It is for this reason that strategies have to be put in place to address these barriers, as well as find ...

Abstract

Since the end of the Great Wars, the international community has worked double time to improve the human rights conditions of the public. Throughout the conflicts that transpired for years, citizens were persecuted in the most horrific means in order to gain information or punish the innocent. Several important conventions were established after the war to fight against these torture incidents such as the United Nations Convention Against Torture and the Geneva Convention. Many states are signatories of these Conventions; however, it is a question if these conventions can still be applicable today especially as several conflicts continue to ...

Abstract

This paper describes in detail the explanation about mass murders, the definition of mass murders and the reasons why mass murders are committed. The paper also discusses why people are prone to mass murders and what major causes that trigger mass killing. It describes in detail the relationship between ethnic, religious, social and political reasons that relate with mass murders and why people are forced into killing others. There are also references in the paper taken from mass murders of the past, exemplifying the major mass murderers penned down in history, and it also mentions the recent trends in ...

[Institution Title]

Introduction

Globalization has fostered endless possibilities and pursuit that connected man through different technological platforms. In fact, the world has shrunk to a completely manageable proportion because of the rewards of globalization. For example, because of the internet geographical and cultural boundaries had been bridged. Face-to-face communication became possible utilizing modern technology as a tool to make communication more personal than ever before. However, aside from the benefits of globalization complimented by technology there are also numerous adversaries that had been documented as a consequence of the same factors that brings the benefits. In lieu with this, a review of one of ...

Humanitarians differ with the government on the policy regarding targeted killings. Their argument is that it is an option which is repugnant to the principle of justice and morality. The right to life is a universal declaration which was consented to by all member states of the UN during its inception after the Second World War. Therefore the United States, they argue should be bound by its commitment to preserving human rights in the world by abandoning the strategy of targeted killings of suspected high profile members of terrorists organizations. It is true that the United States should champion the ...

Why is the US, and not the European Union, a superpower?

Since the end of the great World Wars and the infamous Cold War, the United States has been referred as the world’s only ‘superpower’, capable of deterring any opposition and leading the international community in any issue. Even at present, the US remains at the helm of the international community in political, economic, and social context. However, many experts believe that the European Union should be considered a superpower despite the losses it had acquired in the great wars since Europe is now united under one flag unlike before. The EU is also a frontrunner when it comes to international ...

Introduction

Since early 1970s, China and Japan have been involved in a bitter territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands located in the East China Sea. In Japan, the group of islands is known as the Senkaku Islands, and in China, it is known as the Diaoyu Islands. The Islands, which is 6.3 km² in total, is mainly a centre of controversy due to their strategic significance in terms of economy and security, and their significant political implications. In recent times, the dispute has become such a predicament that the two countries are in constant conflict, which has impeded regional maritime cooperation and ...

Cyber Defense

Background
In the recent past, there has been an increasing reliance on technology to undertake numerous aspects of social, political, and economic lives in many countries across the globe. While the reliance on technology has had a positive impact on many aspects of our lives, that reliance also inherently attracts threats such as cyberterrorism. Consequently, cyber defense becomes a crucial element for nations. Cyber defense refers to the deliberate steps taken by governments to protect information that they hold to be sensitive.
Cyber threats are not just a danger to the individual countries such as the U.S. that have ...

Different countries have various legislation that governs their citizens. Comparing jurisdiction in the various countries is, therefore, is possible and declares how various offenses are dealt with for justice. According to Rhode (2013), the law is the tool that ensures justice in any society. When people commit offenses, they are subjected to law for correction measures. The law in England that is useful for foreign jurisdiction is readily available by statutes, the common law, and treaties. The court that is enforcing the jurisdiction is the one to dictate how a particular law would apply. The report has three distinct ...

Introduction

The Berlin Conference of 1884 to 1885 which is also referred to as the Congo Conference signified a powerful role in the regulation of European colonization as well as free trade in parts of Africa during the period of neo-imperialism. One of the outward goals of the conference was to implement regulations on the rampant colonization of Africa in order to prevent the military conflict between the colonizing states. It is to be noted that colonial powers went into what historians coined as the ‘Scramble for Africa’, where they decided to invade, occupy, divide and colonize the different parts ...

Since the end of the Second World War political processes in the Middle East – and military processes ensued by them as well – have been given a significant boost that led to the creation of a very complicated array of problem that has not been solved up until now. In this paper I will try to summarize the political and security issues that have been going on in the Middle East ever since the establishment of the State of Israel in order to understand and to provide a clear conclusion about what was the impact of the creation of namely ...

The death penalty remains a most controversial topic not only in the ‘US but the rest of the world for many years now. It was in 1622 that the first execution took place in the United States in Virginia for a criminal in the American colonies as stated by Marcus (838). Many oppose while several others support the death penalty. What adds to the debatable issue are the process, mistakes, and costs involved. The last execution in the US took place in 2015.
The paper considers all those issues related to the death penalty and if it is the ...

(Course number)

Position Paper for the Organization of American States

The topic before the Organization of American States is Migrant Workers: Protection of Labor Rights. The OAS stands with a conviction that the problems affecting migrants in the Dominican Republic, particularly those pertaining to labor should be addressed and resolved.

The Dominican Republic has the obligation to address the Haitian influx of cross-border migrants, in the same way that the Haitian government has the responsibility to its own citizens. Haiti became a member of OAS in 1949 while the Dominican Republic entered as a member of the OAS in 1948 (oas.org). The Organization of American States, being ...

Abstract

When the Soviet Union collapsed in the 1990s after the Cold War, the international arena has shifted drastically from the nature of the status quo to the conflicts that continues to trouble several regions today. In terms of the status quo, many nations adhered to democratization that resolved many conflicts that were influenced by the Cold War. On the other hand, the nature of conflicts after the Cold War have drastically changed as some wars are now fought by different actors and the intensity of each conflict varies. At the present time, conflicts persist throughout the globe and even ...

1. Introduction and statement of the problem
Europe and European Union are facing one of the biggest migration and refugee problems after the history. The influxes of the migrants that are fleeing from the Middle Eastern and North African countries are risking their lives to reach the old continent. The deteriorating human rights, civil war, insecurity and abuses are forcing people to risk their lives on boats and long journeys. The majority of them are coming by boat which is increasing the threat of drowning that has reached alarming rates in the recent past. Based on the United Nations ...

The Impact and Effects of Power Politics of United States, China, & Japan Arising from South China Sea Conflicts on the Sovereignty and Socio-Political Fabrics of Philippines

Introduction

The South China Sea (SCS) is a partly enclosed body of water that connects the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is marked with several island attributes which are grouped into four island bodies-- the Pratas or Dongsha Islands in the northeast, the Paracels or Xisha Islands in the northwest, the Spratlys or Nansha Islands in the south, and the Scarborough Shoal or Zhongsha Islands to Paracels' southeast (Hayton, 2014). It is teeming with ...

Introduction

Passengers aged over fifty years often develop Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)during prolonged flights. The development of DVT among passengers is well documented but is not often experienced by pilots flying commercial aircraft; however, there are a few cases where pilots have developed DVT in the course of duty.The potential liability of airlines is much more expounded with respect to claims arising from injuries caused to passengers without any sort of monetary limitation. In order to address the problem and help balance the liability to a proper proportion, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International ...

Introduction

Before this case of Mapp v. Ohio, it was inadmissible in a federal court of law to use evidence that had been obtained in violation of the 4th amendment, if federal officers had obtained that information. On the other hand, in a state court, law enforcement officers – whether federal or state - could take evidence seized in violation of the amendment and present it to the state courts. As a result, someone could be prosecuted criminally in state courts based on evidence acquired in breach of the 4th amendment. Mapp v. Ohio is a benchmark case that led to ...

Introduction

In contemporary world the spread of the globalization influences the behavior of the people within the business units and different organizations. With that, the style of the conduction of the negotiations is faced the numerous amendments as well. In other words, it is highly important for the leaders of the organizations to have the appropriate corporate and leadership skills in order to pursue the realization of the goals and objectives of the organization for protection of the rights and values of the humans.
This paper focuses on the consideration of leadership skills of Kofi Annan as one of the ...

Jane Doe

Introduction
Women’s rights throughout the world have continued to be the subject of human rights concerns for members of the various nations and regulatory groups throughout the world. Not all entities have the same concerns for the fair and equal rights of women in their nations, but with the world watching, pressure is put on these nations lacking proper adherence to human rights policies for women in these countries. Africa, often known for its volatile circumstances and harsh treatment of women is the focal point of this research paper in helping to create a best practices policy suggestion ...

In March 20th, 2003, America started on of the longest wars in the world. The American forces invaded Iraq without warning and triggered the beginning of the war. There were claims by the United Kingdom and the United States of America that, Iraq was in possession of weapons of mass destruction (WPM) and thus was a threat to their security and to the coalitions in the region (Blair, 2002). The United Nations monitoring, verification and inspection commission (UNMOVIC) had conducted a thorough search and verification in Iraq prior to the attack to ascertain this claim.
They found no evidence of ...

World War I, also known as the Great War, spanned from 1914-1918. It was also the first major contest of arms fought by large, centrally organized nation-states, which was centered in Europe, since the dawn of Industrial Revolution. It all started on one faithful day of June 28, 1914 when the Austrian archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, were shot by a Serbian assassin in Saravejo. The armies present in the field are 12 million Russians, 11 million Germans, nearly 8 million Austro-Hungarians, more than 8 million Frenchmen and a same number of Britons, 5 million Italians, almost 3 million ...

The term pollution in the simplest and most basic meaning refers to the condition, situation and circumstance where harmful and toxic materials and substances find their way to the environment thereby making human life inhabitable and unhealthy. In the recent history and empirical evidence has confirmed that human activities have contributed to pollution to the environment and in effect exposing the human race to danger and threats. They hazardous human activities are evident in the most developed nation in the planet, whereby the industrial refuse are deposited to water bodies. With the above background in mind, marine or water ...

History

When we had a new neighbour arrive a few years back, no one in the family paid any more attention to them, than they would when crossing the road. However, things began to change as I became more and more interested in them. It wasn’t as though something untoward was happening, but I began to see a number of people visit them on weekends. One day, I saw a couple whom I know very well, walk out of their house; a common friend; Andy’s parents. The Murray’s are born-again Christians who spent most of the Sundays in Church. While Andy would ...

Discussion: ““In our contemporary world, it is impossible for one person to change a government or a culture.”

The topic of the current research is of the most interest nowadays, as the questions like these provide the examples how the people can change under the influence of the external factors, especially the factors of globalization. An intellectually and culturally developed person nowadays cannot associate himself/herself with a common country, nation, culture etc., as the number of different characteristics and elements of personality is outstanding, all the details not only complement each one, but contradict themselves also. What I`m trying to say that the people has become so developed, progressive and diverse nowadays that they are not able ...

Analyzing the conflict and its consequences requires scrutinizing the demographic data historical boundaries, territory in general and legal aspect of the situation. The demographic information addresses various issues that clarify the victims in the conflict, the legitimacy of the claims of each of the parties in the conflict and the larger history of the process. My aim is not even compare or contrast the seriousness of the situation as it is challenging to operationalize it, but rather to emphasize the urgency of the situation in Nagorno- Karabakh and to make a clearer picture of the conflict within the context of ...

Introduction

Cases of miscarriage of justice have been reported in our news channels for many years. Today, thousands of political prisoners languish in jails, all over the world, and they do so, unjustly. Increased terrorism in the 21st century has made it even worse. With wrong convictions as a result of prejudice with regard to ethnicity, religion, activism among other perceived evils, the numbers swell by day. This paper advances the view that the law has been applied selectively in many cases, and especially in America, leading to significant cases of misplaced justice, with regard to victims of terror.
Borchard, ...

The events of 9/11 dramatically changed foreign policy and the treatment of national security in America. Given the organized and terror-based nature of the attacks, it was decided that a unique facility had to be created, isolated from the rest of the world, that would detain people of interest and enemy combatants. That place became the facility at Guantanamo Bay, where the United States maintains territorial control and has complete jurisdiction, despite the territory not being part of the United States. Since its creation and occupation by enemy combatants, questions have been raised as to the ethical treatment of prisoners ...

Introduction

Australia’s current legislative approaches regarding asylum seekers are a strongly contested area of public policy. The issue of where and how to process the growing number of asylum seekers that arrive at the border has become a significant matter in terms of 2013 Australian federal elections campaign. However, no proposed solution appears to be without its weaknesses. In the past, the Labour Government has considered various countries to launch offshore processing, such as Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and Nauru. However, these potential solutions have met with legal obstacles to prevent them from going ahead. Similarly, the future reforms promised by ...

The vision of a united world has always been a dream to many, especially in the times of the two Great Wars. Peace, collective security and equal development for all had been the key objectives of world leaders in the establishment of an international organization that would embody these ideals. Each nation had attempted to make their own interpretation of this goal with several known regional organizations, but what had been the crowning glory was the creation of the United Nations after the Second World War. Since its establishment, the world had clear hopes with the UN as the body that ...

The issue of human trafficking has become one of the most disturbing for our society. It is the number one concern for the institutions that try to find all possible means of human rights protection. Many consider it as modern-day slavery and they are right. How do people become the victims of such a horrible cause? There are numerous reasons. The most “popular” ones that we can hear about are people being kidnapped, trapped, chained up and beaten almost to death in order to make them work hard, do jobs, which are incompatible with life. Some people are being promised ...

Research Paper

Research Paper
- Cyber security initiatives such as the IRR, or Internet Routing Registries and the Resource Public Key Infrastructure or RPKI, add an element of cryptography in order to create a more secure scenario focused on creating a more secure routing service (Mueller and Schmidt, 2013). Including such legislation as the Cyber security Enhancement Act of 2007 and the National Commission on American Cyber security Act of 2008 and finally the Cyber security Act of 2012, there is a sustained interest in creating a secure internet environment (Lee, 2013).
International energy as well as corporations around the globe is adopting ...

Introduction

Child Soldiers Role in Warfare
Conclusion
Ways in which children soldiers have been used for warfare
Introduction
Child soldiers are extremely common in developing nations where there is political, economical, and social instability (Tiefenbrun 421). The formation of new international laws has not been able to curb child soldiering completely. Children have been used as child soldiers in the last couple of centuries. According to Rosen (1), approximately between 250,000 and 300,000 child soldiers are being used in wars around the world at any given time. In 2004, the rebels and the government ...

Introduction

Globalization has brought with it changes in almost all spheres of life and especially in the criminal justice system. The criminal justice system consists of the law enforcement agency, the courts as well as the corrections department. In essence, the main purport of the criminal justice system is the administration of criminal justice. Owing to globalization, the system is finding it increasingly challenging due to emerging forms of crime on both the international, transnational as well as the domestic front. Further challenges include those of tackling these new forms of crime and the issues of international cooperation with other ...

Law enforcement relates to the implementation and administration of the law. Enforcing law could be examined at two levels. At the policy formulation and consequential implementation. This paper seeks to examine and discuss various policy issues at the law enforcement area. It is the paper’s contention that policy formulation needs to be realistic, practical, pragmatic and within stipulated budgets. In other words, law enforcement policy ought to be approached from a practical tradition rather than relying on various managerial theory. The paper assumes the position that policy issues are as diverse as there are topics of concern within the ...

- Introduction
The 9/11 terrorist attacks by the al-Qaida on American soil brought out the weakness of the Government’s fight against terrorism and resulted in a shift, in the major paradigm shift in the counterterrorism tactics and policies. Initially America had played a very passive role in the war against terrorism because the government never thought that terrorism would affect America (Adams, Nordhaus and Shellenberger). In other words, America, being a super power, felt indisposed and safe from any terrorism. “In the wake of the 9/11 attacks, President George W. Bush declared a global war on terror and initiated a series of ...

The invasion of Iraq was not morally just as it was a preemptive attack on a sovereign state. While international law recognizes the use of preemptive military action, the same ought to be sanctioned by the Security Council (Devetak et.al, 2011). The invasion was devoid of this international law requirement thus a moral justification would suffice only if Iraq had attacked any of the invading country; which would make the invasion a just war. Again, religious groups, more so the Catholics opposed the invasion on the basis that it was morally wrong to use preemptive and unilateral military action (Fleishman, 2008). This lack ...

Section 1 - "An Analysis of the Battle of Goose Green"

The history of past battles is often studied and analyzed for a variety of reasons. However, in most cases, it is failures rather than the successes that are being analyzed whenever military history is studied. Close affairs are quite common in a majority of battles; either side could have been victorious. In many of these battles, it is not the things done right by the winner that decide the final result, but the things done wrong by the ruler. The Battle of Goose Green between Great Britain and Argentina during the Falklands War was one such battle. Even though the Argentineans ...

Arguably, war and philosophy tend to always appear a little common. As a matter of fact, scholars assert that philosophy is a field that defines and establishes the rationality and justice for being part of a war and that it attempts to set norms and rules on how wars in most cases must be conducted. One of the philosophical theories that try to justify the essence of going to war is the Just War Theory. Certainly, the scheme of a Just War is to define and establish ethical and moral foundation for human destructive events and activities. In addition, just war principles tend to ...

Introduction

Drug trafficking as defined by the UNODOC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) refers to the illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture and sale or distribution of drugs in contravention of the law prohibiting the handling of drugs. This vice has been in operation for quite a whole now. This saw Clinton’s drug czar Barry McCaffrey retort that drug trafficking has been in place from as far as 1996 (Suddath, 2009). The truth is that drug trafficking has been a global issue for over 40 years. The war on drug trafficking was instituted in an early stage. Mora (1996) ...