Judges Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

In any state, the court system and structure plays a significant role in ensuring the judicial system is effective. States that have a strong court system have proved to be successful in solving major challenges as pertains to the interpretation of the constitution. Puerto Rico needs to have in place a strong court system to ensure that the enforcement of various dynamics is effective.
In coming up with the court system and structure, this paper heavily borrows from three states: Tennessee, Florida and South Carolina. These states are well-known for their strong legal systems. Because of this, it would ...

Abstract

The democratic system of the United States should presuppose transparency and good faith associated with the activities of the fundamental institutions such as the Supreme Court of Justice. The real practice confirmed that there are some significant shortcomings associated with the structure of this legislative body such as absence of definite term limits for the members of the Court to carry out their functions. According to the Constitution there are no definite terms of responsibility. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior. At the same time the live tenure may ...

Inductive Thematic Analysis

Introduction
Drug crimes are increasingly becoming a major concern on both local and global fronts. Current research (Braun and Clarke, 2012) suggests that the thematic analysis of important data sources such as sentencing remarks would facilitate the efficacy of available strategies in these crimes. The purpose of this assignment is to analyse the themes that comprise the societal understanding of the occurrence and penalties of drug-related crime. The researcher uses information from seven courtroom sentencing remarks from Adelaide, Southern Australia. This inductive thematic analysis identifies overarching themes that are evident across all seven documents. The themes include “gender and ...

Judicial Philosophy, Activism and Restraint

Judicial philosophy is defined as the way a prosecutor or judge interprets and understands the law. The laws that are followed around the world are considered to be universal but some have reservations when it comes to certain cases under unique circumstances. In scenarios like this, the judge would investigate and determine the real meaning of the written law and find out the real intent of why it is written.
There are two main types of philosophy which is essential in decision making – the judicial activism and judicial constraint (The American Prospect n.p). Judicial activism is very much in ...

Almost US, but still Latin America. This is the brief definition one can give to Puerto Rico. US is actively engaged in cooperation with the archipelago, but the chances that this area ever really become an integral part of the United States are still unclear. More so, it is a unique habitat with its own unique development system, including the judiciary.
Puerto Rico is a dependent territory of the United States and has the status of "unincorporated organized territory”, which means that the area is under the control of the United States (and is not an integral part thereof), ...

The justice system within the United States is focused on the development of a court system that is governed by a series of judges. Judges serve at either the local, state, or national level in a variety of capacities, and to varying extents. The highest court of a state is the Supreme Court, while the same title is given to the highest court in operation in the country. As judges at this level are not permitted by rules of etiquette to engage in political activities, it is not generally known which party each belongs to.

Currently, California has seven sitting Supreme Court judges. Their names are:

Tani Gorre Cantil-Sakauye
Kathryn ...

Judicial Philosophies

Various philosophical approaches are used by judges to interpret law. They include liberal, conservative and moderate judicial philosophies.
Judges that embrace a liberal judicial philosophy are of the view that the Constitution is a living document hence it is open to various angles of interpretation. Consequently, the philosophy tends to be inclined more towards jurisprudence that supports progressive ideas such as women’s rights, personal freedoms and the separation of state and religion.
On the other hand, a conservative judicial philosophy opines that the Constitution is a fixed document and as such it has no room for interpretation. It ...

The bill of rights refers to the significant rights of the American citizens and plays a critical role in safeguarding the rights from infringement by the government. The original constitution was outlined in Philadelphia in 1787 and was ratified by the different states in America. The original constitution laid a base for the bill of rights. However, this constitution contained less number of individual rights guarantees and was focused on launching a system for an effective federal government. Persons such as Pinckney and Madison are perceived as the ‘architects’ of the bill of rights that is applied in America ...

Action plan for addressing political issues

Political processes play a critical role in the determination of the allocation and distribution of resources. Political considerations, therefore, determine who obtains something, how they get it, and when they get it. Hence, political considerations permeate every sector of our lives. Criminal justice leadership is no exception to this, and several political issues affect the working of criminal justice leaders. The key role played by politics in criminal justice leadership is evident when the sensitive nature of the work done by criminal justice professionals is considered. Criminal justice professionals have a great deal of power over the fellow citizens and, as a ...

Abstract

This paper examines the criminal justice system of the United States and how it operates. It commences with a review of the judicial system of America and proceeds to examine government policies and how they have been utilized to deal with crime. Evidence shows that there is a challenge of defining an objective system of criminal justice in the Unite,d States, since the Bill of Rights ensures the utilization of juries. This opens the floodgates to various inefficiencies that can compromise the true elements of cases.
A review of the OJ Simpson case shows that the criminal justice ...

The case of Roper vs. Simmons is a case that involved the issuance of a ruling by the United States Supreme Court holding and arguing that imposing capital punishment on minors was unconstitutional. The case of Roper vs. Simmons had the punishment extents of juveniles involved in murder cases lowered contrary to an earlier strict ruling in cases involving minors. For example, in previous years, the Supreme Court issued stern decisions on cases such as Stanford vs. Kentucky case of 1989.
Accordingly, the Supreme Court went ahead and overturned statutes in 25 states lowering penalties on minors. Also, various ...

The federal court system of the United States has been divided into 94 federal judicial districts in order to efficiently dispense federal justice. The physical extent of the powers of each judiciary is not necessarily bound by state borders or borders of any specific kind, but is decided by Congress (“Court Role and Structure”). For example, the District of Wyoming has jurisdiction over all of Yellowstone National Park, including the areas of the park that are located in Montana and Idaho. Another example is that of New Jersey, where the physical extent of the jurisdiction includes Camden, Newark, and ...

Courts of Law and Criminal Justice

The Judiciary forms the third arm of government in United Sates. In its quest to dispense justice, the jury plays independent roles of enabling fair trials and earning the trust of Americans by judging impartially while court officers are crucial in the effective administration of the courts and assumption of the challenges that confront people. In mutually interdependent ways, the jury and court officers are charged with the responsibility of establishing the legal and organizational framework and controlling the day-to-day court operations. This calls for balancing the delicate internal relationships to divide administrative duties among court officers and the ...

Abstract

The purpose of writing this research paper is to evaluate the legislative standing of abortion. Throughout history abortion has been a controversial issue, and still is. The US Courts have given their rulings on many cases involving abortions that have transformed over the time. Abortion is a controversial issue and has given rise to many questions in the context of political science and law. Several abortion related matters have been discussed in this work such as the brief historical account of abortion rulings in the court of the US, and the impact it had on the cases; how successfully ...

International Air Law

Air transport is currently considered the fastest and safest means of transport globally, Passengers want to feel secure when flying from one place to another and expect the airline to be responsible in the event where they experience any form of injury while under the airline’s care. However, the application of treaties and agreements in determining the liability of airlines in instances of accidents has triggered debates as to what extent the airlines are liable for the damages experienced while the plaintiff is onboard. A particular question arises regarding the extent of injuries that an airline can be ...

International trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital across borders and international territories, which can involve the activities of an individual or government. Throughout the years, there have been a number of international trade disputes in the United States. This led to the establishment of the Board of General Appraisers, which was provided by the Congress in 1890. In 1956, Congress decided to form the Custom's Court, which was incorporated in the United States Constitution. In the late 1960s, amendments were made to the Custom's Court which outlined the procedures, powers and jurisdiction the court was empowered ...

Introduction

Fathers should be treated equally as mothers in family court decisions as too many times the mother is favored because of the nurturing stereotype. Fathers are denied the opportunity to take care of their children in a situation where nurturance and care are needed. As such, the stereotypes are helpful in the evaluation of the unambiguous nature of the fathers in nurturing children. Mothers have been favored from time to time following their ability to take care of their children. Upon a court case, the mother is viewed as the favorite in handling the children in case of a ...

Paper Outline

Introduction
Thesis Statement: The use of DNA in a criminal prosecution has helped advance justice for both victims and suspects by, among other things, eliminating the possibility of wrongful conviction due to inaccurate identification. This way, it has also tremendously helped the law enforcement agencies in the criminal justice system in fighting and solving crime through effective investigation of offenses. However, there are also legal -particularly human rights- and ethical challenges regarding DNA application in criminal prosecution (Naughton & Gabe 245).

Sub-Points

-Improved the functionality of the criminal Justice system
The use of DNA in a criminal prosecution has enhanced the ...

The Old Testament discipline studies with its supporting archaeological, philological, literary technicians and historical are composed on the edge of new times which contains both threats and promises. It states that biblical texts were given fair opportunities to talk as a witness to the reality the bible was acknowledged to describe. This text was imperiled to appropriate scrutiny obtained from the textual criticism science, syntax, morphology, criticism form, and lexicography.
The advantages obtained from these researchers were not without the significant benefits garnered from external control multitudes. Archaeology was good in the vanguard setting the Old Testament scholars pace ...

Introduction

Passengers aged over fifty years often develop Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)during prolonged flights. The development of DVT among passengers is well documented but is not often experienced by pilots flying commercial aircraft; however, there are a few cases where pilots have developed DVT in the course of duty.The potential liability of airlines is much more expounded with respect to claims arising from injuries caused to passengers without any sort of monetary limitation. In order to address the problem and help balance the liability to a proper proportion, the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to International ...

Clayton Lockett was a 38-year-old murderer of a 19-year-old girl whom he shot twice and then buried while she was still alive (Connor, 2015). Following his conviction, he was sentenced to death in Oklahoma by lethal injection. Fifteen years later in April 2014, his execution was botched when inadequate drugs, an inability to find an adequate vein for instillation, and inappropriate administration into muscle tissue resulted in an agonizing and prolonged death. The public’s response to the news releases ignited again the debate over the use of the death penalty for punishment of the worst offenders in society.
...

Police officers play a critical role in society. It is worth noting that the community depends on the police department to maintain law and order. Police discretion refers to decision-making powers that are afforded to police officers. Police officers are faced with dynamic situations, which they should make decisions. Therefore, police officers have the freedom to make a specific decision based on the situation at hand, without immediate supervision. Police discretion is an essential aspect of the criminal justice system. There is a dilemma between the spirit of the law and the enforcement process. During training police officers are ...

Liberia was founded as the first free African country by a small group of freed slaves and three members of the ACS. As with any relatively new country Liberia has had to deal with many issues. In my paper I will look at the economic, political and religious origins of Liberia and how they continue to affect the country today.

The Background of Liberia

The history of Liberia begins with the founding of the American Colonization Society (ACS) in 1816. The ACS, which was made up of mostly Quakers and slaveholders who lived in Washington, D.C. Both groups felt that free slaves should ...

Through the ages punishment as a sociocultural phenomenon has changed its aim and methods; however, the main meaning to community hardly transformed. In some cases, this stage is the only one key chance to get free, prove the innocence by acting on someone’s behalf. However, in the modern world people, as their ancestors, sometimes refuse to renounce their commitments.

Historical context

History of the human world offers a great number of cases, when people were protecting themselves in front of judges, juries and victims, but still unwilling to forsake their beliefs. Nicolaus Copernicus, Timothy Cole and, especially Socrates, are the ...

Abstract

Citizens United successfully challenged the decision of the Federal Electoral Commission not to distribute anti-Hilary documentation during the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries after a decision from the Supreme Court at the start of 2010 ruled in favour of the case presented by Citizens United.
This research paper intends to explore the history of the campaign for finance reform in the United States as well as the case presented by Citizens United to the Supreme Court in favour of their argument that corporations have the same rights as citizens. This research paper will examine the influence that unlimited money ...

Abstract

The investigation teams, police, judges and courts rely strongly on the forensic medical evidence and use the evidence to build up their efforts. The prime aim is to punish the guilty while avoid connecting the innocent. Interpretation of forensic medical evidence and their role have significantly expanded through the justice system. Steve Wright was found guilty of killing five prostitutes and faces life in jail for the murders. The Ipswich Prostitute Murders made headlines not only in Britain but also caught the attention of Inernatiosnl media. The essay looks at how forensic science and the evidence collected helped to ...

Acts of Kindness

Group I Know
My family had never travelled to Europe and they have always craved about taking the whole family to Europe. But, my father spent most of his money on his children’s education and a suitable home for us. After working hard for past few years, I decided to give my family a gift and take them all to Europe. I booked everything myself and gave my family surprise on my parent’s anniversary. I will remember the happiness on my parents face when they learned about my surprise gift. Even better was their happiness when they ...

Different countries have various legislation that governs their citizens. Comparing jurisdiction in the various countries is, therefore, is possible and declares how various offenses are dealt with for justice. According to Rhode (2013), the law is the tool that ensures justice in any society. When people commit offenses, they are subjected to law for correction measures. The law in England that is useful for foreign jurisdiction is readily available by statutes, the common law, and treaties. The court that is enforcing the jurisdiction is the one to dictate how a particular law would apply. The report has three distinct ...

The Constitution of the United States of American offers a wide range of guarantees and rights to the people of the nation. The motive behind the Bill of Rights is to protect the American people from anarchical and tyrannical regimes. The reason for the US Supreme Court’s blunder in the verdict supporting corporate funding for election campaigns is due to comprehension (Cornell University Law School, 2011). They did not interpret the First Amendment of the US Constitution in the proper context. The enactment of laws and the subsequent consequences should be in line with the context of why ...

The doctrine of Adverse Possession is an old and general principle common to most domestic legal systems. According to the doctrine, valid title of land can pass from the true owner of the land to another without compensation, if a person obtains and maintains “open and notorious” possession of the land for a specific period of time.
Adverse possession was first identified as a legal doctrine in the Roman Empire. As Roman law formed the basis for the legal systems of many of its former territories, in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, adverse possession eventually adopted as ...

The death penalty remains a most controversial topic not only in the ‘US but the rest of the world for many years now. It was in 1622 that the first execution took place in the United States in Virginia for a criminal in the American colonies as stated by Marcus (838). Many oppose while several others support the death penalty. What adds to the debatable issue are the process, mistakes, and costs involved. The last execution in the US took place in 2015.
The paper considers all those issues related to the death penalty and if it is the ...

Introduction

The religion and politics are two mutually exclusive aspects of an individual’s life are not supposed to pragmatically overlap because they control different institutions which are structurally independent of each other. However, the religious groups are generally associated with the politically secular organizations and this bivalence in their association causes the complications of religion interfering with the political regimes. It is also true that most of the ethical considerations are driven by religious faith which cannot demarcate itself from the political realms of diplomacy and opportunism. This research paper aims at exploring various historical incidents and political scenarios ...

Introduction

Industries in West Virginia have violated the state-issued permit of pollution by releasing toxic substances such as coal ash and selenium into the local water supply. In addition to the threat toxic substances like coal ash and selenium pose to the health of the community, toxic water destroys the environment and destabilizes the local ecosystem of the areas impacted by such pollution. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) was formed as a guidance tool to aid persons to know when it is environmentally secure to withdraw water from the stream. This judgment is built on percentages of yearly ...

Producing an Understanding of Naval Criminal Investigative Processes: The case of “Past Present and the Future”: Episode of NCIS #236

One of the longest running prime time television dramas is the NCIS program. This program successfully survives the difficult prime time slot with ease as it is in its 13th successful season. NCIS success can be attributed in part to the character interaction on the show and the use of forensic theories in the solving of crimes. The success of the show has carried over to two spinoffs, NCIS Los Angles NCIS New Orleans. The three shows offer the same type of character interactions and forensics and technological helps in crime solving. This paper will investigate the character interactions ...

Abstract

One of the most significant milestone that has been done for the United States’ civil rights platform is enactment of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These rights were enacted on July 2nd, 1964. It is through these rights that the rights of civil servants in the United States were assured of protection against such discriminations based on their sex, race, and religion, place of origin or color of their skin.
This paper will in detail examine the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The paper will in detail elaborate on the meaning and significance of the Act as well ...

This research paper will examine the struggle between state and federal power by looking at three examples where state and federal law have come into conflict. The argument behind this research paper will be that ultimately the federal government has the final decision in making laws.
In 2003, the federal government brought charges against Ed Rosenthal for possession of marijuana after being authorized by the City of Oakland to distribute the drug under Californian state law (Ryan 312). Nonetheless, Rosenthal was not able to present this argument during his trial because federal law does not recognize state laws regarding ...

Introduction

Decision making in the United States is a very important task. This paper will answer question number five. The question asks to compare and contrast presidential and congressional decision making. Whether the decision is congressional or presidential, the right decision is essential for the betterment of the American people. Congress and the President both have decision-making powers; although they work in different capacities. Congressional decision-making is by far the most powerful. Presidential decision-making is powerful as well. According to Dean (2010), “nothing is more important in the American presidency than decision-making” (Dean, 2010). It must be noted that although ...

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was comprehensive legislation prohibiting discrimination in both the private and public sectors. Title VII prohibits employment discrimination on the basis of “race, color, religion, sex, or national origin” and applies to employers with fifteen or more employees (Civil Rights Act 1964). Race, color, religion, sex, and national origin are protected classes that are specifically covered under the statute. Since the time that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, the social landscape in the United States has changed a great deal. Generally speaking, the nation has become much more tolerant, and this ...

Introduction

Jericho is a city in Israel and apparently adds up as one of the oldest and ancient cities in the history of the world. It is located near River Jordan. The city also doubles as a major archeological site in the world given its relationship with a number of biblical stories as recorded in the books of Joshua and Judges. Jericho was initially occupied by Jordan which then relinquished ownership and authority to Israel. Currently, the city is under Palestinian authority. In the history of archeology, Jordan is remembered as the archeological site for the oldest stone tower in ...

Introduction

The United States of America is the second largest democracy after India by the size of the electorate; the state emerges as the most powerful in its political system. After independence, the American government created an entirely different political system which supported the share of power within three arms of government; the executive, legislature and the judiciary. The American society has been faced with ever changing political dynamics that have been characterized by various civil rights movements, the media and political systems. The aim of this paper is to alienate the various issues that have defined the American political ...

Abstract

The legal business environment, including laws and regulations formulated to control the conduct of business activities is one of the most important external factors that affect major commercial decisions by business organizations (Pathak, 2013, p. 96). This legal framework influences decision making by businesses right from registration, workplace safety of employees, decisions on employment or dismissals, product safety, business agreements, to financing and marketing decisions (Campbell, 2009, p. 154). Businesses enterprises, according to Miller and Jentz (2011) must always operate within the purview of this legal framework as they make decisions on the various commercial activities, processes and operations ...

Designation: ______________________________________

Earl Warren was nominated as a Supreme Court judgepursuant to three years as California’s governor. This followed posta failed attempt to be a presidential nominee for republicans in 1952. He is famously acknowledged for his affable ways and likeable character. Warren fought vigorously for achieving consensus on multiple controversial issues. He was responsible for some key compromises that enabled apprehensive justices to reinforce his ranks and also deployed a substantial amount of diplomacy to this effect. The Warren Court has been on the receiving end of both adulation and opposition for its improvised constitutional judgments and its contemplation of the judiciary ...