Essays on Population Size

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

HCA 302. Health Care Organization

Introduction Health care systems are essential in providing security to nation-states world-over, which goes beyond health issues; entire economies depend on such vital system for security. One only has to imagine the devastation of a population by an infectious disease such as HIV/AIDS. Despite having some similarities, health systems vary from one country to the other. Notably, nations design as well as develop their health systems in line with their needs as well as the available resources. The United States and Canada share a border, and thus there is a natural inclination to compare the two health care regimes. ...

Abstract

Diversified care is a huge issue in the healthcare administration. One of the reasons for this is funding, another is that patients are becoming more aware of the medical advances that exist and are more demanding in regards to the treatment that they obtain. This has a huge impact on a hospital’s finances and strongly affects how they operate. Nonetheless, there are many ways that the issue can be addressed and avoided by both looking at the needs of the community and enabling the institution to change and implement the technological advances as they come about. One way ...

1. DNA in forensic science: DNA contains the genetic code of a person. The genetic information stored in the DNA, is coded in the form of nucleotide sequence. The nucleotide sequence is formed by four fundamental nucleotides: A, T, G, C nucleotide, that formed a polymer in a set order. A typical human DNA, has 3 billion nucleotide bases. The DNA sequence is 99.8% identical in all human beings and is only 0.2% dissimilar. This dissimilarity is the basis for identification of the suspects in forensic medicine. No two human beings can have a DNA that is 100% identical. ...

Human population has experienced explosive growth over the recent decades. Population dynamics is a multifaceted aspect that encompasses not only population size, growth and density, but also the peculiarities of urbanization and migration taking into account such variables as age and sex (de Sherbinin et al., 2007). Lam, (2011) points out that demographic change is closely related to the three aspects, namely urbanization, fertility decline, and investment in children. “The growth of the world population goes hand in hand with global urbanisation: while around the year 1950 less than 30% of people lived in the cities, this proportion has ...

Becky TysonDate April 26th, 2015Biology IIProfessor Raven

The human population has grown tremendously worldwide since time immemorial. Originally, there was one ancestor from whom the present 7 billion human populations grew (Miller & Spoolman, 2015). The original human ancestors lived in one particular part of the globe. However, as the population increased and the need for more resources and better living conditions emerged, the people spread to different parts of the earth. The origin of man is not well known yet. However, many theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon. Most researchers believe that Homo sapiens originated from Africa from where its descendants moved to the ...

Abstract

The objective of the paper was to use a descriptive study to try to explain the possible similarities and differences between the culture and standards of practice in the field of marketing and advertising in the following two countries: the United Kingdom and China. In line with this, the study also aims to gather necessary information about the perception of the consumers from different cultures on the way how products and services, among other things that can be advertised, are actually advertised in their respective country; perception of the users on the content and style of advertisements in the respective ...

Corridors and Population Dispersion

Part I. Introduction and Review of Relevant Biology

1. Energy transfer becomes inefficient in higher trophic levels in a food chain. Predators utilize more energy in obtaining food than their prey. The number of organisms and the amount of biomass defines energy relationships among organisms in trophic levels. Most top predators are huge in size but their population is lower because there is not enough energy to support a large population of these predators (Odum and Barrett).

2. A population of infinite size is seen less likely to evolve since it would be almost resistant to random fluctuations within the environment. Small populations on the other hand are prone ...

Abstract

Market segmentation in changing market trends is achieved through a perfect network of product establishment and distribution. The market trend is defined through a creatively identified models and scope that are objectively managed through a predictable approach. The considerable opportunities are necessitated through a merited strategy in order to understand the changing behavior among clients. The macro-segments are fully installed within a given focus and creatively deployed in order to assess the pattern of product marketing. The profitability level that Tammy Limited projects its operations is composed of the input-output model and the aggregate functions. The building factors necessitated within the business interconnection are ...

1. Community Description

The field work of the research paper was performed in the Queens County, New York where I live. The Queens County is located in the eastern part of the city of New York and it is considered to cover the largest area covering an area of 283 square kilometers. It is also second largest in terms of population size. Queens County is geographically located in the Long Island western part together with its neighboring county that is Brooklyn. The county is an urban area which consists of diverse ethnic groups cutting across all parts of the world. Its population ...

It is not a secret that determining the sample size that is optimal for a study is a very responsible and difficult process that requires considerable research. The main of sample size determination is finding such a number of subjects so as to make it possible to get statistically significant results. This process is not easy due to a number of variables that it involves. In particular, there are four of them that will be considered below. The first is the desired level of statistical power. His indicator can be interpreted as the probability that effect of treatment will be detected if there is ...

Abstract

Capture-recapture models are important in ecology to understand the populations size of a particular species. It requires a capture and tagging of a population then recapturing them to understand the dynamics. There are several different models to do mark and recapture consisting of open and closed models. A model is a better fit depending depending on the population being used. The Lincoln-Peterson method is a closed model (where population is assumed to not change at each sampling event) that is good for large samples. Here mark and recapture was performed on a population of field crickets Gryllus assimilis nearing an industrialized zone. Trace elements were ...

Introduction

Demography is the study of the human population. Ideally, human population is studied in terms of the size, the composition, and the distribution of persons across the specified area of study. The three major demographic elements that are used to determine the composition and causes of different population changes include birth, death, and the migration of people. First, the population of a place may be described in terms of some of the common demographic features such as sex, age, household status and family composition. However, demography can also be described in terms of the social and economic context. That is; ...

Executive Summary

This report shows the purported business plan of Nerd Patrol, a partnership business formed by three friends- John, Mary and Nabil. The business will be on hardware and software services, debugging, networking and franchise sales. The strategy to be adopted by the company would be using innovativeness in creating top quality for clients. Financial discipline would be adhered to. The long term goal of the business is to grow and start manufacturing innovative hardware components and software programming. Each role of active and passive managers is spelt out in this report. Employees would constitute of four units – computer engineers, marketing ...

Argument for population in the world

With high population and complementing technology, there will be efficiency in the economic system of a country. Therefore, a high population, coupled with this efficiency will lead to high productivity in an economy. Such an economy will record high growth rates. The other factor is that a high population provides a large market. Countries with a high population have a large and stable market for their products. As a result, companies operating in such regions enjoy high sales and hence high tax remittance for the government. Consumers in such countries obtain commodities at relatively low prices due to mass production. Another argument is that a ...

Introduction

Being able to identify how predation and competition influence natural selection is essential in understanding the evolutionary ecology of a population of species. In predation, substandard individuals are inherently selected. By substandard these are the young, sick and physically unfit individuals. As a result, preys also evolve into a more resilient ones putting pressure also to the predators. This scenario reflects a coevolution of both predators and preys. In this study, we will examine the predatory-prey relationship and understand the dynamics involved in relation to environmental changes.

Methodology

Four different kinds of prey and five different kinds of predator were considered in this study. ...

- The purpose of this ethno-profile of the Crow Nation is to gain an in-depth awareness of some human group different from the one in which we live. - I chose to write about the Crow Nation people because although more than one-half of all Native Americans in the United States live outside the reservation the Crow Nation is concentrated on their reservation. This makes them unique and interesting to write about. - The physical environment - The Crow Nation has a reservation south of Billings, Montana. They also live in several cities, mainly in western America. ...

IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) describes that Utah Prairie Dog is a species of rodent that inhabits the grassland in the southern part of Utah in the United States. This species inhabit grassland areas and feed on grasses and forbs (USFWS 5) that are readily available in their habitat. Social structure of this species is called a clan consisting of an adult male, several females and their young (USFWS 5). Historically, the habitat of Utah Prairie Dogs were reportedly extended from Pine and Buckskin valleys in Beaver and Iron counties, north to Salina Canyon and near Gunnison in ...

Introduction

Ending the pregnancy is known as abortion if the result is not birth. Abortion is usually taken as the intentional act rather than an accident. Abortion is also known as ‘termination of pregnancy’. In the case of abortion, the pregnancy is forcefully removed from the mother’s womb. There are several ways of carrying out abortion. This include medical abortion through taking pills. In this way the miscarriage is caused through usage of special medicines that affect the pregnancy and removes it from the body of the mother through aborting the process. Surgical abortion is another type of abortion ...

Random Sampling

Simple random sampling is the most widely used statistical tool in large populations, where each unit or sample of a population is considered during analysis. Random sampling is considered to be ‘God standard’ of all the types of sampling techniques available. The major reason of random sampling being important is that it reduces any possible human bias. This includes bias created in selection of a sample or case to be included in the study sample. This technique represents the entire population, avoiding any possible missing data. The overall technique is simple, accurate and should be used for smaller population size. Generalizability ...

- Methodology This study will employ Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design in determining the effectiveness of post discharge calls intervention in reducing readmission of patients with heart failure. It will be used on patients attending Singapore General Hospital. This study is a clinical study. Randomized Control Trial design is considered the gold standard of epidemiological and clinical studies (Evans, 1998). Therefore, this study design is the most suitable for the study. Besides, the design has several advantages: studies done using this design are easier to blind than observational studies; the design eliminates population bias; and it makes it possible ...

Marketing entails positioning products and services in the market through different strategies that focus on the marketing elements; mainly the product, pricing, promotion and place elements. However, the elements are determined by several factors which are in-turn dependent on the economic, social, political, cultural, legal and technological factors as well as the development stage of an economy. On the other hand, a less developed country is marked by persistent low economic growth as well as relatively low social welfare and life standards compared to the developed countries that have high economic growth, high life standards as well as significant aggregate ...

Selecting the right study sample is influenced by the intended population size and purpose of the study. It is also essential to understand the sampling error/precision to determine the range where the true value should be drawn from and the estimated risk level also known as the confidence level and the variability involved (Israel, 2013). In selecting the sample size, the researcher can use several basic methods which involves using the entire population as the research sample in case the study population is small, use of sample sizes that have been used in similar studies or use of already ...

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Introduction Definition about Demographic and Epidemiology Demographic trends - Worldwide and regional trends - Oman Population size and growth ( statistics and graphs) - Economic and social changes that impact on elderly.

Epidemiological transition

- Epidemiologic Transition Theory - Epidemiological transition in the worldwide and regional context - Sultanate of Oman ( Life expectancy, fertility, morbidity and mortality) impact of elderly

Chapter Summary

Introduction This document contains a thesis chapter addressing the role of health care in Sultanate of Oman on elderly care. Specifically, definitions of demography and epidemiology will be offered. Subsequently, demographic trends will be discussed ...

A RESEARCH ON THE SOCIAL ENVIROMENT AND LIVING.

Introduction This report seeks to analyze the findings from a group of one hundred and fifteen participants of which twenty three were male, with the remaining (ninety two) being female. It has been fronted to establish how different people in the society perceive some aspects of life that happen in the course of growing. Social environment which is also known as milieu or sociocultural context is used to refer to the immediate social and physical settings where people live. Social environment includes the culture in which one was brought up and the institutions and people whom they interact ...

Final Program Evaluation Design

Executive Summary The DREAM Act is a tuition policy that was meant to benefit the undocumented immigrants’ students. This analysis will try to give an estimation of the effects that this law had on the residents of the United States of America and the aliens. Everybody is entitled to obtain Higher Education, though many argue that these rights should be given to legal citizens in United States of America. The DREAM Act introduced through a legislative proposal in the senate in the 2010. This would enable undocumented high school graduates to get citizenship through two options: joining military or College ( ...

Introduction

This paper gives the design and justifications for the research that will be used in the evaluation of the effects that the Development, Relief and Education of Alien minors - (DREAM) act will have on the lives of Aliens living in the United States of America. This is an act that was passed in 2010 to give permanent residence to the young illegal immigrants in the United States. The set conditions were that these aliens should be of good moral character, have lived in the U.S for at least 5 years, and graduated from a U.S high school. They should ...

Under what conditions may it be acceptable to abbreviate a CSR?

An abbreviation of a clinical study report is accepted when; the policy of the authority accepts abbreviation, in cases where some data was lost and where the study involved does not seek to clarify a phenomenon.

Where in the CSR should a sample of the ICF be placed?

At the beginning of the study report. What information should be included in the “Investigational Plan”? This part contains information on how the study will be carried out. This information include what population is to be studied and the criteria of choosing a sample is specified. This section also specifies the treatments under study and the way they are given. Diagrams are used ...

INTRODUCTION

Inflation has been described by economics in various ways. A simple description of this condition is a reduction in the value of money of a country. An underlying cause of this is imbalance between the quantity of goods and services and the volume of money in circulation in an economy. Increased volume of money in circulation with respect to the goods in the economy causes inflation. Hyperinflation is considered an extreme case of inflation. Many economists only regard it hyperinflation when the rate of inflation is at least 50% per month or 1000% per annum. Most hyperinflations are caused by ...

Introduction

Domino pizza is a well known brand based in United States where it has a wider reach in operations. The business is the subject of this analysis where demand analysis and forecasting is used to evaluate the suitability of the business venturing in Bowie, MD. The analysis is done by collecting market data on the independent and dependent variables, calculating the regression models and the coefficient of determination whose interpretation together with the test for the regression and the variables are used as a basis of the decision. The analysis also forecasts the market demand for pizza in the region for the ...

BIO 204 101 13S

Abstract For many years, human beings have continued to suffer from diseases, both the kind caused by their own bodies as their age degenerated and the kind caused by infectious pathogens. During this time, human beings have constantly developed new ways of eating and living, and actual genetic or physical changes have evolved with the aim of minimizing the impacts of these diseases. This paper seeks to examine the issues of societal/cultural changes, the origins of human diseases and bioterrorism. This includes examining historical societal/cultural changes for human evolution are responsible in transmission of diseases to human beings ...

Country description

India - Currently, Gentex has no company owned operation in India. - India can offer an attractive market for the Gentex products because of its high population size. - The demand for the automotive products offered by the Gentex is also very high in India

South America

- Just like in India, Gentex has no company owned operation in South America. However, South Africa can be an attractive market for the Gentax products because of the high demand of their products and also high population size. - The population of South America is also high.

Market in India and South Africa.

India ...

Justifications, Problems, and Solutions

The broad goal of conservation biology is, according to experts from the American Museum of Natural History, is “to conserve global biodiversity” (Calcagonotto, Egan, and Lehn 2001). Small population conservation biology is a facet of conservation biology that deals with the more specific issue of trying to preserve endangered species that have extremely low populations, and the efforts to conserve these species can be very expensive. The question of whether or not this type of conservation biology is ethically justifiable is one that can be explored by examining the approach of small population conservation biology, examining a test case from the ...

It is quite evident that the world population nowadays is exceeding the capacity to be sustained, especially in developing countries. Given the limited resources available in such countries, the excess populace is perishing at the hands of famine, poverty and natural disasters. In these cases, moral quandaries arise. Do developed nations have an obligation to help the developing ones? Garrett Hardin argues that this is not the case. If each country were to be likened as passengers in a lifeboat, the passengers of one lifeboat are not obligated to share theirs to more passengers in need of a lifeboat, especially if ...

I. Introduction The ever rising population demographics in the United States have been a great strain to healthcare. This is because a growth in population means that the number of aging individuals in need of health care has continued to increase over the years. This means that more finances have to be pumped into health care in order to address the demands of the ever growing population. The current population size of the United States is about 300 million people. However, this population size is projected to rise over the next fifty years to about 390 million people. This means ...

Abstract Shelter is one of the basic human necessities. Provision of decent-quality and affordable housing is one challenge that various authorities have been faced with, and Sheffield is not left behind. Though she has surpassed her average annual housing needs, Sheffield is still struggling to mitigate housing problems. This research project reviews the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Sheffield’s housing and how education level affects the adoption of GIS in affordable housing initiatives. In order to achieve this objective, the current state of Sheffield’s housing is exhaustively considered. Using the boundary data from EDINA ...

Questions

1) Construction of the pyramid for the year 2006 and 2036 respectively 2006 5 years Age Group

2036 5 Years Age Group

2) Median Age for the year 2006 for both males and females

The median ages for the 5 year groups in the year 2006

For Males and Females:

The sum of the ages is an even number, Hence the median will be sum of the two middle numbers then you divide by 2 = 45+46 2 = 92/2 =45.5 = 46 is the median age for single years for the year 2006 for both males and females which is the same with the ...

Introduction

Pulmonary TB is a disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis that attacks the lungs in human beings (WHO). The major symptoms include: coughing; chest pains, shortness of breath; appetite loss; loss of weight; night sweats; and fatigue. If untreated the disease is fatal and leads to death. In 2007, alone there was 13.7 million cases infection and 9.3 million new cases globally (WHO, 2008). In 1993, WHO (World Health Organization) declared TB a global emergency. In addition, the organization predicts that the disease will kill over 35 million people over the next twenty years if strategies are not set to ...