Exchange Article Reviews Samples For Students

OPEN- ECONOMICY MACROECONOMICS

Fixed versus Flexible Exchange Regime, Determination of Exchange Rate in Free Markets:
Fixed currency exchange rate, or in other terms pegged exchange rate denotes the fixation of a currency value against any other currency or to a whole lot of other currencies. This is usually done for stabilization of the currency pegged to the other currencies. Floating Exchange Rate is the exchange rate of the currency value which is fixed by the free market. The exchange rate of a currency is variable depending upon the amount kept in foreign reserve and fluctuating demand and supply of the particular currency.
Another ...

Rewards and Risks in Stock Markets

The study involves insights into returns provided as well as a summary of South Asia’s stock exchange risk behavior. The article aims at establishing whether there has been a significant difference on the risk and returns associated with the stock market over time. The study finally attempts to make a suggestion regarding the stock market that provides profitable avenue among the SAARC nations. The study also makes use of descriptive statistics such as average annual return, mean percent return, standard deviation, maximum and minimum return, skewness, Jarque Bera statistic and Kurtosis for the six series stock exchanges, namely: Dhaka Stock Exchange ( ...

The paper looks at the UAE stock exchange industry and the mergers between DFM-ND and ADX. The article further evaluates the risks and the business implications. According to the article, the security exchange market has grown to be a potential investment for many people in the world. Large players in the market such as the NYSE look at mergers with smaller security exchange markets in order to boost their revenues. The public stock exchanges have moved to acquire models that are for increased profits and cost effectiveness. As a result, there has been a growth in competition between the ...

Bitcoin is purely peer-peer electronic cash that makes it possible for online money payments to be remitted directly from one party to the other without having to go through financial institutions. With bitcoin, digital signatures are considered part of the solution but the problem arises when the trusted third party is needed to curtail any form of double spending. The solution to this double spending lies in bitcoin; this is because it timestamps transactions by hashing them into a hash-based work proof. This makes it form a network that will not be altered unless the proof-of work is redone. Bitcoin has ...

Integrated Literature Review

Directorship on Child Care
Introduction
Childhood is an important stage of human development in which proper guidance are necessary in order to ensure that a child’s welfare is being addressed. In many ways, the work of a program director encompasses a difficult role in terms of regulations and program strategies that aims to have a positive influence towards child development. In this discussion, the role of a director in child development will be explored by examining literatures that articulates the topic on teacher’s needs, ethics, leadership, roles and responsibilities, and best practices. Directors are institutional leaders that ...

Introduction:

The government policy target of Nigeria for the minimization of credit cards use in Nigeria in areas involving alien transactions; control measures of foreign exchange and the overall implications
Exchange Control: The regulations that are adopted by the state for the management of foreign and local level currency amounts that are globally traded in the market. It generally includes ban and restriction of the exchange amount.
Demand-Supply: The theory that the forces of demand and supply have an interrelation as a result of an effect on each other for the establishment of the state of equilibrium.
Price Elasticity: The ...

Path – goal theory is a leadership theory that specifies leadership style whose main aim is to achieve set goals through enhancing working environment for employees. It seeks to motivate, satisfy and empower employees so as to increase their productivity in the firm. Leader – member exchange theory is a leadership theory that focuses on the relationship between managers and their employees. It suggests that the relationships between managers and their employees are classified into three stages. These are role taking, role making, and routinization. Transformational leadership is a type of leadership style whereby managers work with their subordinates to come ...

The article entitled, “Live@Edu grows, evolves into Office 365 for Education, leapfrogs Google Apps for Education,” by Christopher Dawson.

In 2011, Microsoft Corporation; the largest software developing corporation in the world launched “office 365 software” that has unique and advanced features and applications for students, teachers and educational systems. Dawson, points out that Microsoft Corporation had organized a cloud computing campaign called “we are all in” before launching office 365 software in the market. However, most people did not believe that the plan was going to work, but the introduction of office 356 has proved them wrong. The author articulates that office 365 provides students with a powerful platform for sharing information, ideas, opinions, and educational researchers; an idea that ...

The financial market is ever changing and this requires all the individuals involved in the market to adapt to these changes. With the recent financial crisis, many rules and regulations have been put in place to regulate various financial sectors. The article “compliance update in plain English” evaluates the laws that have been put in place to control the investment advisors in the United States (Christina, 2012). The article then concludes by giving suggestions on what the investment advisors should do to ensure that they comply with the laws before the deadline is attained.
The article analyzes the ...

Article Review

Executive summary
Since the 2008 recession—when financial instability resulted in the losses and insolvency of several banks and firms—there is an increased cautiousness about international investments and lending experiences in not just the emerging-market countries, but in any foreign soil. This article discusses the use of bonds by firms investing in international markets to avoid the adversities caused by exchange-rate fluctuations. While foreign-exchange risk is still being hedged by currency swaps and futures contracts, bonds in the local currency are being used increasingly by investing companies. They use the cash flow generated from the sales in ...

1. How does Monetary Policy Affect the Economy?
Monetary policy is a strategy by which a monetary authority of a given state or country formulates with intent to regulate the supply of money in the country targeting stabilization of interest rates to ensure general trust in the currency (Poloz 10). Monetary policies serve to stimulate the economic growth in various dimensions as a long run way to control inflation. These policies affect the primary business when they are executed by the stipulated standard modules used in the policy analysis. When the central bank lowers interest, households and firms adjust ...

Abstract

The article is about the effects of research boom into other industry such as the Jacob and the non-traded goods. The problem is that other sectors are also Mathematical models are used to determine the quantity of money being generated by the three industries due to the key variables which are land, labor, and capital. Also, land use is only used in export industries to establish the outcome of the situation. The article concluded that research boom destroyed market balance; change the prices of other commodities due unstable exchange rate, both the non-traded and imported goods.

Introduction

The article to ...

Investing in securities is a current strategy in business and it tends to guarantee the profit making ventures of an organization. It is the reason that organizations have to trade in securities and since securities are flexible fits, organizations are bound to make profits on the positive side but they can again loose on the negative side. It means that trading in securities requires an amount of effort in predictions and studies on the most probable security to invest in.
There are a number of strategies used in order to invest in securities. These strategies depend on a number ...

International business refers to cross-border trade between different political jurisdictions. International business can either be carried out by private businesses or the private companies. Since the dawn of the western civilization, nations have been trading with each other to supplement the commodities that were missing in their jurisdictions. The works of neoliberal economist influenced the nature of economic trade between nations. Globalization added to liberalization of the economy. Private business enterprises were allowed to enter the market. International business posed many risks to businesses that were quick to enter the global market without taking the risks into considerations. Cross ...

Sarbanes-Oxley Act is an act by the United States congress in 2002 aim at protecting investors through corporate disclosures accuracy and reliability. It mandated strict reforms aimed at improving financial disclosures and possibly prevent accounting fraud. The scandals of early 2000s such as Tycoon, WorldCom and Enron predicated the enacted of SOX. These scandals shook investor confidence, and an overhaul of regulatory standards was required. The SOX Act outlined rules as well as enforcement policies, which amended or supplemented existing legislation. There are two key provisions of the 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act which are section 302 and section 404. Section ...

Leadership Theories
Leadership is a process that a group or an individual impacts a group of individuals to reach a certain or common goal (Parent et. al., n.d.). According to Parent et. al., (n.d.) the literature concerning leadership has transformed from the trait or behavioral approach to the transformational. This change also includes the transactional and charismatic leadership approaches (Parent et. al., n.d.).
According to Kouzes & Posner (2007), on the other hand, Leadership is a chance that can occur at any place or any time. It may happen in a huge or small house, the mall, the school, or in any group. This ...

Discuss the risks associated with global investing.

There are various risks associated with global investing. First is the sovereign risk which involves the central bank making changes on its foreign exchange regulations. Failure to pay government debts is also a sovereign risk that may prevent a country from investing globally since it becomes difficult for the country to borrow funds to support its investments. In addition, is the interest rate risk which comes as a result of global investment. Interest rate risk involves the increase of interest rates by banks which in many cases come up during recession period. Central bank increases these rates as a strategy to control inflation ...

Introduction

In essence, Mechanical Ventilation (MV) aids in supporting critically ill patients in maintaining adequate gas alveolar. Pediatrics patients admitted to the intensive care units in need of the therapy ranges between 30% and 64%. Despite the benefits derived from using this method, some complication emerges at the end of the process when it is employed in premature babies. Primarily, the therapy may lead to lung damage, dysfunction of the right ventricle, and pneumonia. Extubation occurs when a patient can maintain efficient gas exchange without being sustained by the ventilator or when requiring minimum support. Notably, ventilator disconnection comprises of ...

Stock market is a set of financial institutions, the leading securities trading. It consists of stock exchanges, as well as a vast array of other institutions that form the OTC market. The increase of the value of stock markets in both the national and global economy, happened due to important functional role of these markets. According to the stock market there is a transformation of accumulated savings into real investments, carried out capital mobility between sectors and countries, and securities courses provide investors with the necessary information about the direction of efficient investment.
World stock market is divided into ...

Key learning from society’s efforts to create meaningful environmental shifts

One major lesson from society’s efforts is the need to be able to adapt to black swans. Black swans, as Taleb calls them, are big events that are both unanticipated and highly consequential. Typically, nobody sees them coming, but when they arrive, they immensely shape our world. Events such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks changed the way the world views security issues and terrorism. Furthermore, the internet and Google have revolutionized the way we communicate and obtain information in ways never imagined before. The two have opened up new opportunities and jobs that nobody ever predicted. On the ...

James Walvin in his article “A taste of empire” examines the role colonization played in the localization of activities such as tea drinking, tobacco smoking, and chocolate consumption into British culture. “Yet, each and many more of these habits is only British by adoption. The peculiarly British customs associated with these traditions were developed in a relatively short period, and involved commodities imported from every edge of colonial settlement and trade” (Walvin 11). Walvin states that tea started out as a primarily luxurious commodity only meant for the elite but with time grew to form a core part of every Briton’s ...

Currency Wars

Currency Wars is also referred to as competitive devaluation. It is a scenario where countries compete against each other to gain a low exchange rate for their own domestic currency. As the country’s domestic currency falls, so does the price of exports from that country. The imports become expensive and the domestic industry flourishes due to increase in demand from the domestic and foreign markets. The leaders of G-20 nations met in Moscow and took some important decisions regarding currency wars. In a statement issued at the conclusion of the conference, the finance ministers of G20 promised, by issuing a statement, that ...

White collar crimes are financially motivated and non-violent crimes majorly committed by people of high social status. The term “white collar crime” was coined in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland in his speech to the American Sociological Society.White collar crimes are difficult to detect and prosecute. Perpetrators employ highly sophisticated methods to commit crimes and hide the heinous activities through a chain of complex financial transactions. Punishment for these crimes involve: incarceration, restitution, community service, probation, criminal forfeiture, fines or disgorgement.

Bernie Madoff's $50 Billion Ponzi Scheme-Forbes Magazine

This prominent investor was involved in a Ponzi investment scam with the Madoff’s Hedge Fund. A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent ...

The Capitalist Culture

Culture is the most active element that charges the human civilization to further branched out and cut across all the aspect of life such as technology. In the capitalist world, there is a great desire towards the novel and original. This continuous search for novelty and change surpasses the extent of proportions of actual change that has occurred in the society. Further, this cultural desire is already being legitimized, such that the society accepts the role to see the culture as a norm and a moral tradition where the emerging new culture could be sized up and be critically evaluated. It is ...

“Living Dolls”: François Ier Dresses His Women
In the 16th century, fashion dolls were used as an international exchange of fashion trends. When François Ier asked Isabella d’Este to send him a doll dressed in her favorite fashions, he intended to copy them for his court and give it to the women in France. Fashion dolls practically played a role of the mannequins.
Whether given as a gift to a child or an adult, the fashion doll always performed the same educational function – the acquaintance with foreign dress styles. The appearance of the doll was not very ...

In the stock market, calendar anomalies involving day of the week, weekend and January effects have gained considerable significance and interest among investors. Recently, studies have been conducted in an attempt to examine the association and effect that the day of the week phenomenon has on large equity bourses like London stock exchange. Essentially, evidence reveals that low stock returns have been obtained during the first day of the week as opposed to the rest of the days. In fact, the application of efficient market theory has different impacts on the returns in the stock market because it has ...

Communication CA272

Questions for Discussion
- Discuss how and why a conversational approach to communication could build trust between people? Identity how and why communication may impact the development of peoples’ relationships at work. Give examples to support your answers.
The main advantage of this approach is that the employees do not feel like employees or subordinates who are being ordered to perform a task. Instead they feel that they are being asked their opinion about the job to be done and this sense of participation motivates them to perform better. This motivation in turn assures the leader that the employee ...

Hospital CEO ad CIO perspectives on information technology issues in health care is a survey of 1400 US hospitals. The article is aimed at establishing the CEOs and CIOs think about Information technology I healthcare. The themes that were under survey are; implementation of electronic medical records and improving health care quality through information technology. Improved medical services include; security, accuracy and change management in hospitals. Other themes in this article include; healthcare supply chain, compliance with regulations, decision support systems, national database and consumer empowerment.
The article starts with an introduction to Healthcare Information Technology (IT) and how ...

Evidence showing that RBA is justified in considering an interest rate fall

At the beginning of the month of May, the Australian cash rate was said to be at 2.75%. This statistic was achieved shortly after the May’s bank rates were cut by the Reserve bank of Australia. This marked the lowest cut level achieved in the last 53 fiscal years in this country. The RBA’s board should consider cutting the cash rate because of the prevailing economic conditions in Australia today. The country’s financial markets are currently trading at a 14% chance of suffering a 25 basis points reduction; this sentiment was echoed by Credit Suisse while advocating for ...

A. Pricing for International Markets 5

B. International Marketing Channels 6
C. Products and Services for Customers 8
D. Cultural Dynamics in Assessing Global Markets 10
4.0 Summary and Opinions of Influential Cultural Factors 11
5.0 Conclusion 13 Work Sited 15

Highlighted Points

The purposes of practicing and aiming for international marketing are to understand how and why:
- cultural diversity has been known to influence international marketing in pricing and contractual agreements
- analyzing the roots of culture to integrate it into a global marketing plan enhances coherent business strategies for successful worldwide marketing
- the references listed at the ...

Introduction:

This article gives an analysis of the recession and the youth unemployment in EU. This gives much focus on the economy of countries like Spain, France and Italy in relation to their budget and the impact on the youth unemployment and the general effect on the economy. The article also shows measure taken by the European Commission in trying to curb the economic recession with help of various monetary and fiscal policies.(Basci,2007:19) The commission also gave the measures taken in relation to the debt crisis in Germany and the EU in general without much alteration of spending ...

Barry Minkow, founder of the ZZZZ Best carpet company perpetrated one of the most shocking frauds ever reported in the United States. More shocking, however, was the fact that a fraud of such magnitude happened under the watch of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEK) as well as a well known accounting firm.
The fraud in question involved duping the public to invest in a company, ZZZZ best carpet company, in reliance on fraudulent financial statements. Minkow doctored the financial statements so that they could appear appealing thus enabling banks to extend credit facilities to him in pretext that he was ...

Homelessness is living in insecure, unstable and congested accommodations. Youth are a new face of homelessness due to the brutal economy on them. The young people who are mostly at risk of becoming homeless are those aged between 16-25 and especially those living in foster homes. There is an increase in numbers of youth who are homeless and have to spend their nights in the cold on the streets and pavements. This question needs to be addressed by the government and the local authorities since it is becoming a social issue and it is a breach of the right to safe and ...

The orange county, a municipality in United States was declared bankrupt on 6th December 1994 after loosing about $1.6 billions due to risky investment strategies i.e. over leveraging purchases of structured notes and fixed income securities.

Robert Citron who was the county treasure gambled with $7.5 billion public pool with a strategy of borrowing short to go long. Being a star performer he wanted to raise higher income without increasing the taxes, as he believed that medium term investments had higher returns than short term investments. Citron entered into reverse repurchase agreement where he used the pool’s securities as collateral to ...

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 is a law that was enacted in United States to set standards for all public companies, management and all accounting firms. It brought many changes to the regulation of corporate governance and financial practice in public companies. The act was named after senator Paul Sarbanes and Representative Michael Oxley who drafted the bill. The Act contains eleven sections. The act is applicable to all public companies in United States as well as multinational companies with registered securities with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

The main aim of SOX was to improve accuracy and reliability ...

The present literature aims to review a few articles that study the economic development in the Western Europe in terms of factors such as achievement of Million Development Goals, the growth of Gross National Income, Education and Health, Financial resources and population growth. The idea is to acquire an idea of the status, progress and prospects of the economic development in the Western Europe.
For the purpose, numerous literatures were reviewed such as articles, government reports and reports prepared by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe that concentrated on the different factors as listed above. While some literature ...

Introduction

Stuart MacDonald in his 1995 article, Learning to Change: An Information Perspective on Learning in the Organisation published in the Organisational Science Journal puts forward certain theories on learning. His hypothesis is that organisation change should not only depend on internal factors such as corporate culture, core competence and firm’s capacity but should also rely on information outside the organisation. Secondly, the important thing is not the acquisition of the information but the use of the information. The information should be gathered by the individuals and not necessarily by the senior management.

Organisational Learning

It is not realistic to believe ...