Placebo College Essays Samples For Students

The scientific method involves making an observation, making an explanation of the observation, testing the explanation in order to see whether it is valid and either accepting or rejecting the explanation. Once an explanation is rejected, a better explanation is developed and then tested. The exact steps that are followed in a scientific method depend on the number of times the method is broken down. However, there are five major steps that are followed in a scientific method. These steps are making observations, proposing a hypothesis, designing an experiment and performing it to test the hypothesis, analyzing the data in order to determine ...

Introduction

The double-blind randomized controlled trial is an experimental procedure where neither the experiments subject nor the person conducting it has any information about the unique aspects of the experiment.
A double blind randomized controlled trial aims at measuring and comparing the outcomes that presents themselves from two or more clinical interventions. A single intervention will serve as a standard to compare or as the control in the experiment. The involved participants in the experiment will receive interventions in an organized random manner so that they all have the characteristics which are similar at every start of comparing them. Randomization ...

Venous Thromboembolism: Literature Review

Venous Thromboembolism: Literature Review

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) is a health condition characterized by blood clot forming within the veins. VTE is the third most common cardiovascular condition and is fatal for up to 35% of patients who develop the condition (Deitelzweig, Johnson & Schulman, 2011). This high mortality rate is as a result of poor understanding of VTE unlike arterial thrombosis which is well understood. Although many risk factors have been identified to cause VTE, thrombophilia is one of the underlying cause that characterizes many cases of VTE. Thrombophilia is an abnormality in the ability of blood to clot. The problem which ...

X-ray Reading

X-ray Reading
Figure 1
The patient in this x-ray image is centred with both lungs apices. The image has also captured the costophrenic angles but some of the bones are invisible in the picture. The reason some of the bone structures are invisible is because of poor reproduction. Additionally, the medial ends of clavicle are invincible thus it is impossible to assess rotation using this image. Another observation is that the trachea is patent and deviated to the right. The image also shows that the heart is deviated to the right. The heart of the patient has a ...

VTE Nursing Research

Venous Thromboembolism
Introduction
Venus thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition that includes both pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT commonly occurs when blood clots in deep veins normally in the pelvic veins or in the legs. However, VTE is common any vein in the human body. Patients who develop VTE have a 35% to 65% chance of dying from it. It is important to research on Venus thromboembolism (VTE) because as the third most common cardiovascular disease, it is a leading cause of mortality and mobility worldwide. VTE results from slowing of the blood flow (stasis), damage of ...

A) To test his hypothesis that ballet training will improve both the fielding and batting performance of his players, how should the coach decide which players will take ballet training and which will not? Why should he choose to assign the players in this fashion?

B) Identify/describe the different levels of the independent variable.

The independent variable in this experiment is ballet training. As described above, there are only two levels (training and no training). However, there could be more levels if the coach assigned some players to only two weeks of training, some players to four weeks of training, and some others to six weeks of training.
...

Strengths

This study utilizes the crossover study design in examining the variability in responses by individuals to placebo treatment. Crossover study design has a number of advantages when used in the research process. This is especially for early stage trials. A major strength of crossover design is that the interventions that are being investigated are usually evaluated within the same patients. Therefore, between-subject variability is eliminated. At the same time, the design allows trials that are head-to-head and patients that receive multiple treatments are able to express their preferences for and against certain treatments. Another strength in this study is the ...

Lakoff, A. (2002). The Mousetrap: Managing the Placebo Effect in Antidepressant Trials [Summary]

The article by Andrew Lakoff titled “The Mousetrap: Managing the Placebo Effect in Antidepressant Trials” strives to delineate some of the most disturbing facets in the development of antidepressants. The Author acknowledges that the development of drug is a risky and uncertain practice and is often characterized by placebo effects which are always unpredictable and at times not manageable. Since most of the attempts by the drug developers to determine effective of a drug always prove futile, the drug developers always resort to certain strategies to build confidence about the effectiveness of their antidepressant drugs. One of the strategies is the ...

Introduction

A recent report of the International Longevity Center-UK (ILC-UK) indicated that dementia can no longer be viewed as an isolated disorder due to a high prevalence of medical comorbidities, often undiagnosed, associated with it (Scrutton & Brancati, 2016). Patients with dementia also had received a less coordinated comorbidity treatments, resulting to the faster decline of their daily functioning, a reduction in their quality of life (QOL), and earlier mortality events than patients with these comorbidities, but in the absence of dementia.
The report also noted other important findings, which exacerbated the need for better therapeutic options in dealing with dementia, ...

Problem Statement

Most medical scientist and psychiatrists have defined depression as a mood disorder that often results to incessant feeling of extreme sadness and loss of interest in most activities that one used to enjoy. Depression has various references; the condition could be referred to as major depression, major depression disorder or clinical depression. Depression results to a variety of emotional and physical problems because the condition affects one’s thinking and behavior. Depressed people find difficulty in doing everyday tasks and experience severe hopelessness.
Depression affects 19 million adult Americans, meaning it is the leading mental disorder in the U.S. Studies ...

[City, State]

Question 1

Tabex is a Bulgarian drug that can be used to stop smoking. The drug is prepared from an alkaloid containing plant scientifically referred to as Cytisus laborium L. which is trivially called “Golden Rain acacia” (tabex.net, n.d). As reported on the tabex website, studies have shown that the drug has been successful in helping over 57% of tobacco users using it to stop smoking. Ideally, cystine has been used as a smoking-cessation for several years even though it was until recently that the alkaloid was subjected to clinical studies that have verified the notion that the alkaloid can indeed ...

Introduction

The majority of the 220 million people around the world who suffer from diabetes have either Type 1 where the pancreas, no longer produces insulin and is usually caused by an autoimmune syndrome where the body attacks the pancreatic beta cells or Type 2 that develops from the body’s inability to metabolize insulin or glucose properly. . It is difficult to separate nutrition needs from lifestyle choices. An active individual requires more calories to maintain their activity levels, therefore lifestyle must always be looked at when considering dietary choices. Fortunately, both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes respond to ...

Is depression manufactured?

Introduction

“Depression”, is the name of a disease, which is almost the initiator of an industry where Pharma biggies have invested in great amounts to create those pills that can get them revenue in the current and the coming decades. Before we move on to understand the views of Greenberg, Lehrer or Menand, it is important to first understand how depression impacts an individual. The fact that makes the situation of depression adverse is the involvement of family members in this situation, the impact on social relations, productivity and life of a person suffering from it.

It is important to understand ...

One-Way Experimental Designs

Any research study involves a progressive observation and manipulation of the involved factors as a way of deriving out the essential information which is considerably essential in making a precise decision. In this research study, the researcher had his target on patients who were suffering insomnia or lack of sleep condition. Subsequently, these patients formed the sample for the research. These patients were subsequently subjected to some form of placebo treatment involving application of milk powder tablets (Doghramji, 2007).

One dependent variable can be seen to apply in this research study. Occurrence of insomnia is linked to form of treatment the patient ...

Homeopathic treatment for Insomnia (sleeplessness)

Homeopathy is considered as an alternative medicine practice compared to modern (allopathy) practice. The concept of homeopathy relates to pseudoscience wherein the treatment of an illness is not part of a scientific rationale but the normal recovery of the person. Homeopathy was first introduced by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796 and has been used since then as an alternative treatment for many acute and chronic illnesses. Some researchers suggest that homeopathic medications or agents act like placebo in terms of modern medicine, wherein the recovery or cure of the illness is not due to the medication itself but part of ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Chronic pain is a condition of pain caused by an unresolved injury. Usually, a pain is considered chronic, if it persists for more than 3 months. It is not only a symptom of other problems but can be a syndrome having both physical as well as psychological dimensions. In order to evaluate the chronic back pain, detailed history of the patient has to be taken and thorough physical assessment has to be done (Buttaro, 2013).

Evaluation of a patient with back pain

Pain assessment can be done by the use of a mnemonic device, PQRST. P is related to provocative-palliative factors such as ...

The administration of proper medication is essential to the treatment of a health complication. As such, medical practitioners need to enforce proper measures in the issuance of medicine to enhance the betterment of patients (Bojesen et al. 375). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the value of medicines through the utilization of a case study. This study will be in line with the code of conduct for Oncologists since the medical practitioner in this scenario deals with cancer patients. Since the maintenance of confidentiality is essential to the success of the medical practice, the practitioners’ and patient’ ...

Hypertension is a health issue which is mostly associated with men and, as such, women are considered safe from its development. However, this myth has been disrupted following various researches that reveal that HBP is not a gender issue affecting both men and women. However, men were found to be more susceptible to developing the illness than compared to women. In this regard, women were also found prone to developing the ailment on the basis of various factors that will be discussed in this paper. In addition, this paper will focus on hypertension in women and the clinical studies ...

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Quite often, people experience anxiety when faced with a difficult situation, and the anxiety ends once the situation is resolved. Occasional anxiety is a common phenomenon that people face especially before undertaking tasks for which they have little confidence in accomplishing. Besides, whenever confronted with the need to make important decisions, people tend to experience anxiety over the possible consequences of such decisions. In general, anxiety occurs when one is facing a difficult situation, has to make a difficult decision, or is about to carry out a task that one has no confidence in accomplishing successfully. In all these ...

Misconception Diary: Brain Myths

I feel that there are so many things about this lecture that showed me that I have many misconceptions about the brain. I am not sure if I can really just pick one misconception about the brain. One of these misconceptions would be the brain may need to grow or get rid of synaptic connections between the neurons. I would never think that the brain would need to lose these connections in order to learn something. I always imagined that the brain would get bigger and stronger with an intelligent person. I don’t know why I have this ...

Question 1

This is a descriptive statistics. The teacher is simply collecting and summarizing the data into a descriptive form. The teacher does not make any predictions or inferences. She simply collects data and would need a numerical solution.

Question 2

Inferential statistics is used in this study to analyze the stimuli. Descriptive statistics would be used in the calculation of different measures such as averages, standard deviation, among others. These measures are necessary for comparison. Therefore, both inferential and descriptive statistics would be important in the study.

Question 3

The data of marks scored was arranged in ascending order. 80th percentile implies that the marks I scored ...

Ethical judgments limit the methods available in the production of knowledge in both the arts and the natural sciences. Discuss.

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Production of knowledge is heavily dependent on ethical impositions. In arts and sciences, for instance, there are ethical boundaries that guide the manner in which information should be shaped and created. The extent to which these ethical arbitrations limit production of knowledge in the fields of arts and natural sciences depends upon the artist or scientist. In some cases, the artist or the scientist can choose to either disregard these ethical principles or find another method ...

Substance abuse contributes to a variety of social problems, including social disorders, disease transmission, family disorders, and criminal behavior. A variety of biological, psychological, and social factors are potential causes of addictive behavior. Therefore, it is important to resolve the causes relevant to each individual in order to resolve addiction. Long-term success is achieved only when the causes of addiction are addressed, but treatments also need to consider short-term goals like preventing relapse during the withdrawal stage.
Biological influences can make individuals susceptible to substance abuse. Various studies identified chromosomal regions in the human genome that can cause physiological ...

Introduction

The common cough often makes no alarm at all, especially when it comes to determining the causes or the risks that come with it. However, when a simple cough becomes exuberating, it often calls for distinct attention which usually requires medical assistance. With this consideration in mind, it is then important to note what makes a cough extensively alarming and how it should be given proper attention to for the sake of imposing fast recovery on the patients being attended. For instance, the case of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease requires specific medical attention that usually involves both medication and respiratory therapy.
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ANSWER-1

Psychoneuroimmunology works on the bases of nervous system and its connection with immune system. Placebo effects work on the similar concept of inducing the effect on the nervous system. It stimulates the immune system to counteract the disease. The difference between both modalities is that in PNI, the use of pharmacology, medicine, psychiatry is used to derive a specific outcome from the patient. In case of placebo, there is no outcome. It has no effect on the condition. It acts by misdirecting the nervous system and immune system. So, in a way, both modes of treatment have a certain similarity.

ANSWER-2

Yin and ...

Conducting clinical medical trials entails many ethical dilemmas. Tests of novel drugs and treatments require theoretical equipoise; a state where the researcher uses a fiction whereby he assumes an uncertainty about the benefits of any medical treatment. This fiction creates obvious problems because researchers usually have some idea about treatment efficacy (Lilford, Jackson, 1995). Stang et al., take issue with the ethics of using a placebo in randomized clinical trials to prove the efficacy of new drugs (2005). The objection revolves around the fact that for many diseases effective treatments are available and withholding therapy may be seen as unethical. Freedman divides ...