Generalization Research Papers Samples For Students

Generalizability

Husserl distinguishes procedure of generalization and specialization of procedures of formalization and deformalization. Generalization is the transition from the spirit to higher on the tree of generic entities and formalization - a "meaningful generalization in a purely formal logic." For example, the transition from "red" to "sensory quality" is a generalization, and the transition from "red" to "adjective" or "chalk" to "beings" or "existing" is a formalization. Similarly, deformalization is filling the empty logical form something meaningful and specialization - descent of the tree of generic.
Examples of both we find in mathematics. Example of formalization: the transition from an intuitive understanding ...

Introduction

Conditioning can be defined as the arrangement of two or more incidences characterized experimentally via separate chronological relationship. Learning takes place at the behavioral, cognitive and neural levels with four crucial phenomena that are caused by conditioning (Kalat, 2011). This paper seeks to explain the meaning of these phenomena and show how they would exhibit themselves in human beings.
The four basic learning phenomena that take place due to conditioning are acquisition, extinction, generalization, and discrimination (Kalat, 2011). Acquisition refers to the advancement of a conditioned reply consequent to conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US) experiments (Kalat, 2011). ...

1.0 Pivotal response therapy (PRT)
Pivotal response therapy/treatment/training is one of the early behavioral intervention techniques developed for management of autism. This techniques is built on the premise that autism interferes with “pivotal behaviors” that ultimately underlie other behaviors are deficient in autistic children. The pivotal behaviors/areas are initiating activities, motivation, self-management, feelings and responding to multiple/complicated cues (signals). PRT therefore aims at increasing pivotal behaviors, particularly motivation, which would in turn enhance generalization. The autistic child chooses the activity and is rewarded (positive reinforcement) for every correct responses or attempt. As such, PRT trains the child to ...

<Name>
<Subject>
<Professor>

Introduction

The prominence of the negative reputation of Muslims in media serves as a compelling topic for discussion in the realm of social construction. Because the media enables people to reach the latest information relevant to their lives, it is just natural for it to deliver news in manners that could change the thoughts of those who would hear, see or read it. In other words, it is possible for the media to influence the people to view one topic in a particular manner through the way it reports the news. It is in ...

Learning is key to human development and behavior. Behavioral psychology is one of the methods for understanding how learning develops and the understanding of individuals. Learning is a modification of behaviors due to consistent practice and requires the interaction of behavior and environment to yield changes. Assessment of learning is performed by means of tests that quantitatively measure achievements; whether they are newly acquired mental or physical skills. Learning and performance are related but separate subjects, and learning itself may be state dependent, meaning, that the conditions under which material was learned must be replicated in order for that learning ...

Introduction

Hermeneutics refers to a theory of text interpretation that is mainly concerned with interpretation of wisdom literature, as well as philosophical texts. It is an extremely wide filed as it is concerned with various disciplines such as verbal, nonverbal and written communication. In the modern world, hermeneutics has become extremely useful. It has become an extremely significant tool in the study of human sciences. It has also had extensive influence to the main languages on earth. However, it has been challenged as most reliable research approach by the existence of other methods such as positivists approach defined as the interpretative ...

Interpretative phenomenological analysis: mental Illness

Abstract
There are various anomalous experiences reported as enhancing instead of showing poor mental health. The experiences are out of body where the person’s body and self are said to be phenomenologically separated. The objective of the study was to look into these experiences and their after effects. A phenomenological, idiographic, qualitative approach was used. Participants were three individuals who took part in face to face interviews that were semi structured. Interpretative phenomenological analysis found out that off body experiences occurred during personal significance times. They were linked to the lives of participants beyond the occurrence point ...

The usefulness of a study or research is usually dependent on the accuracy and level of confidence of the findings. This will be subject to the procedures and steps as well as the variables used when carrying out the research. The level of accuracy and confidence of a research is determined by its validity; which is the level with which correct inferences are made from the research study results. A researcher always considers the confidence that all observations are from the given variables and the research was not manipulated. Such a kind of confidence shows the internal validity. Researchers use outcomes of ...

Introduction

Categorization of disasters and their respective management and handling are numerous and unique in a certain ways. The rational and realistic management of different kinds of disasters calls for a pure understanding about various factors. Comprehension of basic causes of various disasters is vital. It follows that the application of various measures on handling and also inhibiting re-occurrence is fully dependent on the knowledge base on the subject matter. Understanding the appropriate technology is also a vital ingredient towards useful emergency management. Of greater importance is the ability of consultation and integration of proper, useful and effective planning approaches available in emergency ...

Qualitative research is relatively new to nursing research. Despite its being usually underused and undervalued, qualitative research is increasingly contributing to nursing knowledge (Hall, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to compare qualitative and quantitative research in order to examine their differences. The comparison will be done by examining an article using the qualitative method and two articles using the quantitative method. All articles are on the same topic, cystic fibrosis. All articles were published in well-known and reputable journals. The qualitative article is by Carpenter and Narsavage (2004) and the quantitative ones are by De Bias, et ...

The Removalist was composed in 1971 by the Australian dramatist, David Williamson. At the end of 1960s-mid 1970s, Australia was bringing all the extra openly articulate, there were many ladies’ benefits, domestic benefits, and the challenging against the Vietnam War. The Removalist is an investigation of the Australian Society amid a to a great degree glamorous time. David Williamson's point when thinking of this play was to make and Australian character in a global show, and doing this he additionally utilized well-known issues as a part of his general public, for example, the debasement and viciousness. In The Removalist, ...

Introduction

Marburg virus disease (formerly known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever) is a severe zoonotic (animal-borne) disease, affecting both humans and non-primates. The source of infection for primates is unknown. However, research indicates that bats mainly infect the humans. The Ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus belongs to the filovirus family. Filoviruses belong to the order Mononegavirales. These viruses are enveloped, non-segmented, and negative-stranded. Marburg virus and Ebolavirus are the two genera of Filoviradae family. The only species in the genus Marburg virus is Lake Victoria margburg virus (Center for Food Security and Public Health, 2009, p.1).
The virus has caused epidemics in ...

Abstract Research methods in social sciences have two basic categories; qualitative and quantitative methods. Quantitative research involves asking people's opinions in a structured manner in order to produce hard facts and statistics. In contrast, qualitative research is an explanatory research with the main focus being to gain insights into the helps or problems to develop a hypothesis for potential quantitative research (Cohen et al., 2010). Quantitative research is used to quantify defined variables such as opinions and attitudes, and generalizing results from a larger sample. They use measurable data in formulating facts and unearthing research patterns. Qualitative data collection methods take the ...

Introduction Conditioning refers to the process whereby predictable response is made from neurological patterns that have been established through reinforcement. Classical conditioning also called Pavlovian conditioning is one of the most influential conditional theories in Psychology (Bergin &Bergin, 2012). It was put forward by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov in the 20th century. It is based on the association between environmental stimulus and unlearned or naturally occurring stimulus. Classical conditioning can be used to explain my childhood fear for people dressed in nursing gear. There are four basic components of classical conditioning namely; unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned stimulus ...

Introduction

Public policy refers to the government’s attempt to address a public concern by establishing laws, regulations, decisions or actions that attempt to shed light on the issue at hand. Public issues may range from education, foreign policy, health and social welfare. The process of formulating public policy includes agenda setting, formulation of options and implementation. It is important for regular citizens to be aware and in understanding of public issues because of the policies immediate impact on the citizen’s daily life. Perhaps a clear example is the debate on gun ownership that requires that every American must face some ...

Understanding humanities differ depending on perspectives. This is perhaps the biggest impediment towards a generalization a generalization of the experiences of hallmark historical events. Sayre once argued that “context make connections across humanities by tying together the entire cultural experience through narratives (ix). It is for this reason that this paper focuses on the exploration of the holocaust from the angle of a Jewish woman.
Perhaps the central book that focuses on women’s role in the holocaust comes to mind. The book titled “Life, Death, and Sacrifice” originates from the conferences held 2001-2005 dubbed “Women and the Holocaust”. The argument ...

- The Fourth Amendment
Terry Vs. Ohio 1968 is one of the landmark judicial rulings by the United States Supreme Court that maintained the Fourth Amendment. The Fourth amendment does not give the police the authority of conducting arbitrary searches and seizures on individuals if they are suspecting of committing a crime. The Fourth Amendment declares “the right of the people to be secures in the persons houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures; shall not be violated and no warrants shall be issued, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the ...

Question 1:

The many physical differences that exist between races have led to many believing that there are natural or biological differences between races. Numerous researches indicate that there are no natural or biologically based differences between the different race groups. All human beings crave the same things. This indicates that the various physical difference that are evident in the different races do not give any race an advantage over the others. Therefore, attempts to place inferiority or superiority on race is invalid since biologically all races are equal.

Question 2:

Yes, sorting promotes discrimination. Sorting highly relies on classifying individuals based on ...

The hotel and tourism industry has been on the rise in the modern century. Across the globe the hotel industry has increased by 70 percent as compared to the previous century (Yee, 34). It is this statistic that has made it possible for many investors to opt to invest in this venture. Many investors are advised to invest in projects with long term advantages rather than focusing on short term profits. In an argument by Lewis the hotel and tourism industry provides the best long term investment option as the number of tourists across the globe has increased significantly ( ...