Essays on The African American

Slavery was a part of the American culture for almost a whole decade (1776-1865), and during that time, many people had to suffer inhumanly for the only solid reason of being a bit different from someone else. There is no way of wiping the past from the memories of those who have struggled, which means that the terror of slavery will always be a part of the human history. As the experience shows, world history is far from being pretty. It has presented its evils so many times that merely counting them would take ages. Every major society, every ...

The first question is to compare and contrast pintings. The first painting is referred to as the Manner of Their Attire and Painting Themselves was created by John White, who was known as an artist, a map maker, and the first British artist in the Americas, and to paint Native Americans. This painting depicted what looked like an elderly Native American male wearing nothing but a cloth around his waist and paint all over his skin. Not only was White the local artist, but he was also the Governor of the Roanoke Colony, which raises question if his depiction ...

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The groundbreaking period of the Harlem Renaissance marked a luxuriant phase in the U.S history. The development of African American arts and culture from 1920 to 1930 was caused by the set of several socio-economic and cultural processes that affected the entire country and concentrated in one place, Harlem. The tremendous amount of literature, music, and visual arts celebrating the African American culture contributed significantly to the country’s art history. During the early 1920s, Harlem became the destination of migrants, growing African American middle class, and highly educated individuals. At the same time, despite the growing evolvement of ...

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In the aftermath of the Civil War, the black slaves were given their rights and much of the same rights as those given to the “white” population. Many believed that the former slaves would soon be graduating to the level of their former slaves. However, this was not the case; in fact, over the next two decades, the former slaves would be stripped of everything these had gained in the wake of the war. In fact, the declination of the rights of the black people was not only supported, these were institutionalized by the adoption of the “ ...

Harlem Renaissance Poets: Essays on Langston Hughes’s “Jazz Band in a Parisian Cabaret” and Countee Cullen’s “Heritage” and Harlem Renaissance-Inspired Poem (Student’s Full Name) (Name of Professor) Harlem Renaissance Poets: Essay on Langston Hughes’s “Jazz Band in a Parisian Cabaret” and Countee Cullen’s “Heritage” and Harlem Renaissance-Inspired Poem According to David Chioni Moore (1996), there “exists and existed in this century a black culture that is neither African, Caribbean, American, nor European, but is rather all of these at once and more” (p. 49). The previously mentioned statement encapsulates both the dilemma and the ...

Currently living in the city of Atlanta Georgia, I am a native Californian. At a young age, I was introduced to pastoral care. My grandfather enjoyed a prominent position as an elder in the Baptist church. He would visit his members on a regular basis. He was the one who actually introduced me to learn about pastoral care as a PK. The basis of Pastoral care, as exemplified in one's treatment of the neighborhoods, grew out of the theological commitment as demonstrated in one's love for God’s people. I believe that my interest in pastoral care is a ...

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For centuries humans have looked for a higher power to worship. The question is: Why are there so many religions? Are those religions similar somehow? Even though, religions have some aspects in common – there is a higher power, they believe in a creationist theory, they all have a printed version of their beliefs, they act by faith, among others. The reality of living in a multicultural world influences what people believe and how they manifest it. Societies have shaped their religions in accordance to what their ancestors believed and what they have experienced in their own reality. One cannot ...

Introduction

The question of racial discrimination in the legal system of the United States is a sought after topic despite limited evidence to support its existence at present. Although the nation once participated in discriminatory practices in the past, the majority of the activities ceased during the last few decades. Despite sweeping developments in recent years, the news never grows old while reporting a possible aberration. This research paper examines the evidence of data available in the books against the media reports which claim the rampant existence of racial discrimination. Each section in this research paper will raise question regarding ...

The lyrics to the song ‘Hotel California’ were written by Don Felder, Don Henley and Glenn Frey in 1976 and released in 1977. The song depicts the American people’s notion of California, which associated the city with women, wealth, and fame. The city is not described as a home for anyone but a rather a place where people who had different destinations and identities often meet. However, on reaching the city, most of these people become trapped and cannot move on with their lives, nor do they find what they had come looking for in the city. The ...

The history of African Americans is an essential part of the whole history of the United States. Starting from the sixteenth century and the beginnings of slavery, Blacks had experienced a lot of struggles and had traveled the long path in order to achieve the social and political equality with western people. During their presence in the United States, they underwent a lot of events that contributed to their rise, supported their pride, and highlighted their racial identity. This paper aims to discuss four of such events and to analyze their mutual influence and significance for the establishment of ...

Emerson’s discussion of how medical practitioners and patients behave during a gynecological examination in Behavior in Private Places exemplifies Goffman’s analysis in his Presentation of Self in Everyday Life about man a social actor who choose his acts depending on the specific situation. In Goffman’s arguments, man is a social actor and by nature has the ability to decide on what prop, customs and roles he would play in specific situations. Further, it is one of his main goals as an actor to act rationally and modify his behavior to adapt to the settings in front ...

Introduction

The African diaspora has resulted in a wave of “migration” of Africans from the African continent to other parts of the world. The main reason for this is the slave dispersal that moved Africans from Africa to America, the Middle East and even to the Far East. The dispersal that took place is thought to be one of the greatest forced migrations in the history of humankind (Britannia Academic: Slavery). There is always the ideology that all Africans, no matter where they find themselves around the world, are bound together by their traditional cultures and diasporic experiences. This paper ...

Which method of financial analysis is most appropriate for a diabetic screening program? Provide your rationale.The best financial analysis method that can track the costs as well as the effectiveness of a diabetes screening program is the Cost-utility economic analysis. Unlike the cost-benefit ratio analysis where the costs and benefits are expressed in monetary units, the cost-utility analysis expresses the health benefits in a more natural unit of measurement in the case of a disease such as diabetes. These units include quality of adjusted life years (QALY) and/or per life year gained (LYG) (Zhang, Engelgau, Norris, Gregg, & Narayan, 2004). ...

Hypertension is one of the chronic illnesses whose presence within the communities in the last one decade has been significantly felt. The morbidities, mortalities and costs incurred in management and treatment are issues that have impacted on individuals, families and communities (Ferdinand, 2013). Within the US, there are significant disparities especially from a racial perspective in the cases of hypertension. As at present, it is estimated that 41% of African Americans have hypertension which is a high figure as compared to the 27% of Whites who have hypertension (Flack, Nasser & Levy, 2011). Further, up to 28% of African Americans ...

Abstract

The process that led to the formation of the United States is more of a salad bowl than a melting pot; ethnic communities were not softly absorbed to the umbrella of American culture, but they rather coexisted in their individual identities, like ingredients of salad on a plate. The struggle of the African American is pinned on his slavery and the fact that he was sold to America for labor. It has been very hard for the African American to get assimilated, and the situation is still dire today, as racism is still rife. The underrepresentation in the Congress ...

Many people have questioned the existence of multiple consciousness. In his book, The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, W.E.B. Du Bois writes about the “double consciousness” of African Americans. In his views, the double consciousness of African American can be seen through their racial identity as well as the identity of what remains of slavery into which all African Americans are born. President Obama is an exampleof someone who had experienced a multiple consciousness. In many ways, one can say that African Americans live a multiple consciousness existences and in his book, Du Bois attempts to lift ...

Introduction and summary

Equal access to healthcare is essential to the sustainability of any nation. In fact, lack thereof compromises the survival rates of any population as it heightens the mortality rates. In the article, of disparities and diversity: Where are we? Gloria Sarto seeks to provide a rationale for the high levels of differences in the medical sector. She compares the minority population’s accessibility to healthcare facilities as opposed to the largely white community in the United States. Through this comparison, she establishes a credible argument on the need to eliminate health disparities among people around the globe. For instance, ...

Introduction

Cultural memories, as well as cultural identity, are two closely related phenomena that are part of every cultural setting in the world, are assimilated amongst generations in unique ways. Cultural memory entails the elements (Stowe, 1982); both physical and virtual those are passed down generations and are a way of giving historical meanings or origins of certain cultures. Literary publications, such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin, sought to change how cultural memory and cultural identity were perceived, regarding the African American culture. Therefore, cultural memories occur in different forms. For example, an individual from a given culture may have ...

Project Plan

The Ace Star Model of Knowledge Transformation will be used to help guide the planned change process. The ACE Star Model will describe the project and help recognize the process of knowledge discovery and transformation (Stevens, 2012). This model focuses on knowledge transformation for organizational or individual use, but this DNP project will base on organizational change. The ACE Star Model addresses factors that influence adoption of innovation and composed of five major stages. The first step in the ACE Star Model is discovery – search for knowledge. The second step is evidence summary - conduction a rigorous systematic review ...

_____________ University Many people question the existence of multiple consciousness. In his book, The Souls of Black Folk: Essays and Sketches, W.E.B. Du Bois writes about the “double consciousness” of African Americans. In his views, the double consciousness of African American can be seen through their racial identity as well as the identity of what remains of slavery into which all African Americans are born. President Obama had experienced a multiple consciousness during his term as President of the United States. In many ways, one can say that African Americans live a multiple consciousness existences and in his book, ...

Diabetes in its generality is a condition that is associated with elevated blood sugar levels. When these elevations persist, the patient may experience cases of disturbance of other body systems and leading to poor functionality and ultimately a chronic condition that affects their quality of life. Type-2 diabetes (T2DM) is the most common type of diabetes whose impact on the health of populations has significantly been documented (Murrock, Taylor & Marino, 2013). Apparently, among the documented aspects of health disparities, T2DM is noted as one of the biggest health challenges for African Americans. The prevalence is even higher among women ...

“The Lesson” is a book authored by Toni Cade Bambara. It is set out to depict the contemporary life of the African Americans. It is a narrative of a black girl, Sylvia laments on the inequality of life after Miss. Moore takes her and her friend to the areas dominated by the wealthy. This paper aims to highlight the various valuable lessons that Miss. Moore, an educated and sophisticated black woman, teaches the young adults that they should view life beyond their nose as there is much more to life than they are accustomed. One of the major issues ...

The African Americans amount to about 13 percent of the total United States’ population and they are believed to have originated from the African continent as a result of slavery trade. They have made a significant contribution towards the growth and development of the United States culture through their unique cultural practices, norms, values, and the language (Thompson, 2015). As an international student from China, I have found the culture of the African Americans quite different from our culture in many dimensions. I have been able to learn the details of their culture after attending the African American dancing ...

Research Report Analysis

APA Citation for the Article Swindler Boutte, G., & Hill, E. L. (2006). African American communities: Implications for culturally relevant teaching. The New Educator, 2(4), 311-329.

DOI: 10.1080/15476880600974875

Question set: Main question: how can culturally relevant classroom instruction change teaching and learning processes? Sub-question: how effective is barbershop research and sermons for teaching African American school children? Setting and Population demographics Setting: three schools in the state of South Carolina. Population: Research Methodology Research design: qualitative ethnographic design. The researchers looked at the teachers who worked in the African American schools and considered their teaching styles. The teaching approaches were adjusted ...

The rise in the African Americans inequality in education can be attributed to the lower parental education status for the African Americans; thus, leaving them without same education opportunities as the whites in United States. Children from African American families have lower educational expectations compared to those from White American families because their parents are less educated as compared to their white counterparts. As a result of their low educations status, parents of African American origin set very low educational expectations for their children. The low level of education of the parents of African American origin plays a major ...

Is the War on drug policies a major factor in racial profiling?

Introduction My name is ( ) and the topic I shall discuss is whether the war on drug policies stand as a major factor in racial profiling or not, and I believe that war on drug policies are not a major factor in racial profiling. This issue is important to be because there are many minorities in the country who live under the burden and impression as the supreme targets as drug addicts and racial profiling against them is a major problem. I have friends who feel living amongst the rest of the people are always afraid that they might become ...

Since it earliest days, the United States has always been a nation of multiple cultures. Interestingly, for all the many positives that multiculturalism has provided the nation, for most of the its history, multiculturalism has been a reality that has been hidden or kept secret. Nowhere, has this been more evident than in the nation’s educational system and how the goal of education policies has chosen to educate it youth. Indeed, rather than discussing or informing students about the multicultural aspects of the nation’s history; the educational system focused mainly on certain and specific aspects of the ...

Every person is obliged to the right to eat for a healthy living. However, some people especially children do not get enough food to eat, or when they do, they eat without necessarily wondering about the kind of foods they eat, something that can result to malnutrition. Malnutrition is a body condition that develops when the body fails to get balanced nutrients as well as minerals and vitamins required for body development. Malnutrition can also refer to as poor nutrition, falling under either over nutrition or under nutrition. Over-nutrition is a condition where people get more nutrients than the ...

Modern instances of racism are rather subtle and usually harder to completely analyze from what the victim recounts later. It ranges from a tinge of scorn from the clerk at the usual supermarket to the stench of serious human rights violation by the police. The concept that these acts of racism are isolated and does not signify any underlying pattern was vehemently upheld by many men and women of authority until recently. But as of today, they stand corrected. Even from a passive standpoint, after hearing from a number of such victims, we have come to accept that this ...

Darwin’s Nightmare is a movie about several inhabitants’ version of survival and trying to become successful. The movie takes place in Tanzania. Tanzania is in the eastern part of Africa that is located between Kenya and Mozambique. Presently the population in Tanzania is 51,045,882. In the film, the nickname for Tanzania was “fish country. This is an appropriate name because the region where Tanzania is located has the second largest lake in the world (Agency, 2016). The country is also known for fishing, and agriculture. One of the main sources of income is the fish that ...

Introduction

Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted disease that has adverse effects on the health of the patient if not diagnosed and treated at early stages of development. Human bodies are designed to develop resistance to pathogens that cause such infections despite the availability of medicinal cure for the infection. This paper seeks to answer various questions about the infection by first describing the disease and how it is contracted. The symptoms and problems associated with the disease are also discussed while providing a detailed explanation for the high recurrence rate of the disease among the African American urban women. Besides, ...

Introduction

Rational and other forms of discrimination, including ethnic discrimination have been the bane of major political discourse in the history of the United States. The steps that have been gained over the last several years have yielded tremendous success in the recognition of most of the basic rights of the minorities who according to the U.S. Census Bureau (2008) form at least forty percent of the population in the United. However, despite the successes of the human rights activists in ensuring that every citizen is accorded equal rights, the disparities that are still experienced in the provision of health ...

Reading Response

The reading is from The Modern History Sourcebook and the passage is entitled, “The Social Contract. It was written by Jean Jacques Rousseau who, in a similar fashion to other political and philosophical minds, stresses the idea of a social contract and, thus, social control as a building block for any society. Some demanded there be a contract between the government and its people, but Rousseau demanded the contract be made between all members living in the society. The contract would essentially replace what are known as natural rights, becoming what we know now as laws. The reading explains ...

The introduction of the reality show genre, it was meant to present the real people during dating, survival skills, and succeeding in the music business. However, in the modern day, the genre has presented some falsity and extravagance that is far from the relatable realism of the program. Feminism is one of the key aspects portrayed in reality shows such as Real Housewives of Atlanta, Bad Girls Club, among many others. These reality shows portray the African American women using certain characteristics that would be considered as stereotypes. The collection of evidence from reality shows. The project that deals ...

Article Summary

First, Perry explores what is noted as "the visual image of black women in hip-hop [over the last 20 years and] how this has rapidly deteriorated" (p.296). It seems as though at the turn of the 20th century, hip-hop started down a path that it has not been able to proverbially recover from. This is due in part to the fact that misogynist perspectives have been on the rise for a number of years, and the genre has only served to highlight the disturbing dynamics associated with this conception. Perry notes that "this use of black women in the ...

Introduction

It has been over 150 years ago since the formal abolishment of slavery in the United States, and many people claim that the institution of racism has ended with the transformation of the society. The media, specifically claim that we are now living in a post-racial society, and discrimination is a thing that is associated only with history. However, there are many instances when the media has portrayed a conflicting image of the minorities, which leads to the question about the validity of the argument that racism is now a thing of the past. The media has been reporting ...

Du Bois introduces three concepts that portray the prototypical Black experiences in the United States. These are illustrated through the Veil and double consciousness. Double consciousness and color line are concepts that were explored by Du Bois in 1903 (Bruce Jr. pp.299). His concept is slightly different from Thomas’ Paine and recurs throughout the article. His concept on double consciousness refers to living with double identities. One is the Negro identity together with all its troubles and second is the American identity compelled on the Negro after settling in the United States. It is color line that divides the ...

Alexander argues that black Americans who face mass incarceration through the war on drugs do not feel the gains of the civil rights movement. She equates this to the new Jim Crow era since the old Jim Crow era is long gone even if its principles live on. The old Jim Crow laws placed the African American in subordinate status, which manifests in modern day justice system (Alexander, 2010 p.21). She uses this analogy to analyze various issues facing African Americans and proves that racial segregation and class segmentation exists. This paper focuses on analyzing her argument and placing ...

Based on the novel Gone With the Wind by Margaret Mitchell, the production of a film with the same name is world-famous. With its release date falling in 1939, the movie starred Clark Gable, Leslie Howard, Vivien Leigh, and Olivia de Havilland and went on to win multiple academy awards for its apparent ability to capture the Old South as it was before the coming of the American Civil War. Presently, the movie has become one of the classic romantic renditions of turbulent love affairs, with a particular emphasis on Rhett Butler and Scarlet O’Hara, who, as they ...

There are many significant points throughout history that many regard as pivotal, the Renaissance, the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution are some. For Americans it is often the founding of the first colonies in the east and the fight for independence in the 1700s, however, the most significant event for many Americans today is the American Civil War, beginning in 1861 and ending in 1865. For the two sides of the War, the Union North and the Confederate South, the goals were rather different. For the Union army it was about quelling rebellion and preventing the succession ...

Language and dialect appear as a common issue in the study of linguistics because it is the main channel of communication. There are language attributes that exist depending on the type of language or dialect. Some languages are considered to be for the lower class while other are for people in the high class. There are some standardized languages such as English, which are commonly used no matter the geographical location. The most common attribute about English is that it is easy to understand and portrays a high level of literacy. However, after taking the linguistics class, some attributes ...

Television has profoundly influenced the understanding of pop culture and people’s intellectual development in the sense that it takes other powerful texts that have to be read, that has to be interpreted, and that has to be consumed. This self-understanding to ascertain degree both shaped by and articulated against the images, ideas, and ideologies on television, as they enable an on sight and site negotiation of black identity. The evolution of television along with the evolution and influence of film, sport as well as music has coincided with the development of thepopular conception of black people in the ...

The problem that will be discussed is how low income status affects the crime of theft. Theft is a crime that is an enormous problem for the less fortunate. There have been several studies pertaining to how low income status and race have a negative effect on the tendency to commit theft. This paper will discuss how these statistics relate to the poorer demographic and how theft is perpetuated by their cycle of poverty. The first article to be discussed conducts a study of how the rate of poverty is the independent variable in urban areas, (Poverty and Crime, ...

Introduction

The emancipation of the rights of blacks in the 18th Century was significantly shaped by a series of intellectual discourse and antagonism between certain influential figures in the African American society. Booker T. Washington was an accomplished scholar who rose from being born into a slave family to becoming the head of the Tuskegee Institute. He wielded great support in the Black community and even within the corridors of power where he was a close confidant of President Theodore Roosevelt. Within the same political dispensation, there was W. E. B. Du Bois, one of the first outstanding black intellectuals ...

Introduction

Rosa Parks was born on 4 February 1913 in Alabama. Parks grew up in Pine Level, Alabama, on her maternal grandfather’s farm. Parks had to experience racial discrimination early in her life, with race divided schools in Alabama. As a child, Rosa suffered from poor health, especially her sore throat. She was also weak for her age and used to be bedridden with her sickness. Rosa grew up in segregated South where she had to live in an environment that rejected African Americans to enter segregated hotels or restaurants (McDonough, 2010, p. 1-12). Her long struggle toughened her ...

Golub, Mark. "Plessy as "Passing": Judicial Responses to Ambiguously Raced Bodies in Plessy v. Ferguson." Law & Society Review, 39, no. 3 (2005): 563-600.

Synopsis

Homer Plessy’s decision to purchase a ticket as a white man, and to later confess that he is indeed black, was part of “a test case” conducted by the Creole community of New Orleans. As per the terms of the Louisiana Separate Car Act of 1890, Caucasians and persons of African descent were subject to traveling in different railway cars to serve the purposes of racial segregation. In the article, Golub quotes Plessy’ ...

Introduction

Since its establishment, Disney was known to promote racism through racial messages embedded within their films for several years. Though many people assert that Disney followed the signs of the time, it was against the moral law to be insensitive to other cultures while promoting the interest of another race which was perceived as superior. Dumbo, for example, was a film laced with racists messages. Disney has embraced the word, Crow, to stereotype African Americans as cigar smokers, lazy as well as associated with criminal activities. Peter Pan film also emphasized the notion of racial discrimination against other cultures. ...

The 20th century was a defining time in world history as well as American history. The world war is evolving with the success of the industrial revolution and the mechanized world changing the way things worked every day. There were, however, certain defining moments in American history between the 1920s and 1990s which altered the country’s social, political and security conditions from time to time. However, they have contributed to the progress and later conditions of the country. These include the great 1929’s and the Great Depression, the 1941 attack on Pearl Harbor and the 1964 legislation ...

A call to conscience is a documentary that was made of all of Martin Luther King’s speeches. The director also talks with people who had been to those speeches. Interviews were also given to people who had interacted with MLK and their thoughts on the topics discussed. Speeches of his were discussed and many areas of concern were also represented. His speeches gave an insight into what was wrong with the country and how it affected the African American people in that time. They deserved to have a life and have rights to obtain a future in America. ...

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a 13-month long boycott of the public buses as a mode of commute by African Americans. This boycott was sparked by the arrest and fine imposed on Rosa Parks, an African American woman, whose supposed crime was her refusal to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus to a white man . In the op-ed, the writer, Juliette Morgan is extremely impressed with the way the African American community galvanized and mobilized in unity in their protest of Rosa Park’s arrest. Morgan’s respect is well-deserved indeed, because for a community that lacked ...

Introduction

History has demonstrated a lot of examples, when certain discriminatory measures had the legal binding force and had to be applied. It has also been demonstrated that administrative tools could totally limit the scope of one’s realization of the rights and freedoms which have general character. Among the main political rights, the right to vote/elect those ones whom you believe plays fundamental role, since it could define the course of development of the whole nation, resolve social issues, and defend certain categories of people.

Thesis

Historical examples demonstrate the importance of such citizens’ right, as it was often a ...

Introduction

Fried Green Tomatoes is a 1991 comedy dram film written by Carol Sobieski and Fannie Flagg. The film tells the story of a friendship between two pairs of women – Ruth and Idgie during the Great Depression of early 1930s as well as that between Evelyn and Ninny in the 1980s. It happens that Ninny knew Idgie and Ruth and she tells of the stories about these two women to Evelyn who is in her middle ages (Avnet, 1991). The central issue in the film concerns the murder of Ruth’s abusive husband Frank after which numerous accusations on the ...

“Music is a world within itself with a language we all understand.” These are the words of the legendary musician, Stevie Wonder. It goes to show the extent of the impact of music not only regarding entertainment but also regarding its psychological effects. Music has the power to stir the deepest of emotions and thoughts. In the recent past, the study of music psychology has increasingly become the focus of psychologists and other researchers who opine that there is a positive co-relation between the functioning of the psychological processes and singing, composing or merely listening to music (Zbikowski, 77). ...

The Fair Sentencing Act

On August 3, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, for the first time in the History of the U.S (Grindle, 2010). This law was a response to the then claims of racial biases of the law in convicting drug dealers. This Act established new quantity thresholds, which were meant to trigger statutory mandatory minimum and maximum penalties for offenses related to cocaine. By so doing, this law amended the Controlled Substance Act and the controlled import and export of substance. This new law saw to it that the quantities of cocaine that ...

Introduction

The United States is depicted as the most democratic nation in the world. The aspect of democracy arises from the choices that people are presented with. The ability to determine one’s leaders, goods, services, regions and rights are some of the choice elements that the American population is presented with. Another aspect that can be associated with the United States is its diversity in regards to the ethnic groups and races; immigration has resulted in the creation of one of the most interracial communities in the world. Nearly all races are present in America as a result of ...

African American history is diverse and deep-rooted. What the world knows of it today is through the words of historians. Historians have the ability to describe the events and happenings of a certain age in time and reveal what happened with precision. However if the events are too far-fetched and date back in time, then history can be altered or distorted to suit the needs of biased historians who might be of a particular race or ethnicity. Similarly, African American history has faced the issue of bias in texts and reading, which created hatred and animosity for the race. ...

When reflecting back on Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech, I cannot help but to think that many of the ideas he presented have been in vain. It may seem as though things have changed for black people since the civil rights movement, which in some regard it most definitely has. However, there is a lot of room for improvement that is needed for a full realization of MLK’s dream. If he were here today it seems that he would be disappointed with the lack of opportunity that still is missing from the African American ...

McKissack P C & Mckissac F (1995) “ The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa” and The Gale Group Inc (2003) “Middle Passage”. Dictionary of American History In the first article by the McKissacks, the authors illuminate important aspects of the African American heritage by introducing three main kingdoms of medieval Africa. Songhay, Mali and Ghana were the main countries. Based on contemporaneous accounts, folklore and modern scholarly research, the authors’ discussions covers the customs, people, political history and origins of these civilizations. The authors provide insightful information about the world history and also Africans particularly ...

The enactment of the Black Codes took place after the Civil War and at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era. The Reconstruction Era was a period that focused on the transformation of the United States (“Reconstruction: The Challenge of Freedom”, n.p). The Black Codes were passed with the aim of restricting the freedom of the African Americans. The laws also had the capability of compelling the blacks to work for low wages or debt in the labor economy (“Black Codes”, n.p). The enactment of the Black Codes should not have taken place as it was a propagation of racial ...

I chose the era from 1941 until 1970. The period that can be framed with 1941 and 1970 is the time when the Second Great Migration of African Americans happened in the United States. Most African Americans travelled from the South to the North or to the northern part of either coast. Their destinations were chiefly big industrial cities so that they could be employed in industrial spheres. In their search for a better life, however, discrimination still haunted them in any part of the country back at that time. It was expressed not only in denial but also ...