Psychoanalysis College Essays Samples For Students

This article is based on the research done by Joseph Wolpe attempting to understand the root of a type of Neuroses in the form of an intense Phobia. The article states that phobia’s were original thought to be the result of an individual experiencing an extreme childhood trauma that linked intense irrational fear to an object or act. They were treated by a process known as psychoanalysis, in which the patient worked through the source of the fear with a therapist. A phobia goes far beyond the rational fear of being afraid for your safety due to, for example, a spider being ...

A Reflective Discussion and Presentation

Understanding how the human mental capacity develops is an important aspect of identifying the real value of psychoanalysis as it allows a better chance for therapists to relate well towards the people that they are aiming to understand and assist with their personal and behavioral issues. Through time, it has been realized that there is one element that psychoanalysts and therapists should use effectively and that is language. In relation to this matter, language and its makeup imposes more than just what is being said by an individual. Measuring both the spoken and the non-verbal language that a person presents in ...

Freud’s discovery of psychoanalysis is a discussion that has been of great interest to me. Prior to this week, I had limited information concerning Freud. From my historical point of view, Freud was a neurologist who practiced his work effectively. He majored on the study of treatment of brain and nervous system. Upon his interaction with Charcot, he realized that the mind could have power over the body (Mc Grath 45). He made this observation as he interacted with Charcot’s patients. This marked Freud’s discovery of psychoanalysis theory.
There are important lessons, in relation to psychoanalysis, that ...

Jacques Lacan and Jacques Derrida are key pioneers of revolutionizing language theory by a new understanding of writing. Jacques Lacan psychoanalysis concepts touch on the mirror stage, the Real, the imaginary and symbolic in his psychoanalysis advanced symbolic order which dwells on the imaginary that is deception, imagination and images. Lacan gives a linguistic dimension to the symbolic order since language has imaginary and symbolic connotations (Naas, 23). He argues that if the signifier is the aspect on which the symbolic is founded on then the signification and signified are the constituents of the imaginary order. The psychoanalysis that the French ...

Introduction

Step 1
The Dental School is a lively predicament in the leaden forthcoming of the domain’s occupation depiction. Students with a focused for biological disciplines who are noble with their big hands and have worthy attention in serving others must be competent to bargain a respectable employment in the dental world. But first, they require to put more effort in their studies so as to be acknowledged in the Dental School and to outshine while they are at hand. There are numerous explanations to why the Dental School is anticipated to propagate quicker. The chief motive for this is that, ...

The psychoanalytic theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud in the late 19th century, and has developed since then into a mode of investigation that uses the interactions between the conscious and unconscious mind as a framework to determine the source of psychological attributes and problems (Lazarus et al., 2014). In essence, this theory of personality dictates that human behavior is often irrational and governed by subconscious forces that cannot be strictly controlled. By investigating these impulses and the motivations behind them, it is possible to better understand ourselves and address our potential issues.
The way psychoanalysis is ...

Inquiry and Absolutes: Karl Popper and the ‘Poverty’ of Pseudo-Science

Karl Popper was notable for his criticism of Marx and Freud in that he regarded neither as having developed “testable” theories, a fact which neither could be considered scientific, he argued. In Popper’s view, theories that cannot be used predictively degenerate into the realm of “pseudo-scientific dogma” (Thornton, 2009), and it is this claim that helped define Popper as a decided opponent of relativism in all branches of science. It was his contention that Marx and Freud had turned to ad hoc hypotheses that do not belong in objective science. In Popper’s view, psychoanalysis and Marxism (as a socio-economic predictor) ...

Freud's Account of Human Sexuality and Human Desire

Basically, psychoanalysis and Freud's theories are associated with his theory of sexuality, considering that he regarded all aspects of human life (i.e. beginning with a simple mental disorder up to religious doctrines), as the sexual problems. This comic effect arises also because the question of what Freud used to call sexuality remains outside the attention. If one examines the issue of human sexuality in the works of Freud in detail, the work of sensual sphere and sphere of desires becomes evident. The phenomenon of Freud, the author of the doctrine of psychoanalysis, is that he was the first to ...

Theory Application

Introduction:
In introducing the main assumptions and tenets of both psychoanalytic and cognitive-behavioral theory it is important to account for the underlying principles that each is built upon. In order to contrast and compare these basic principles and how they focus on the underlying changes that are evident in the clients there is a need to develop an effective method for considering the cases that are available. The challenge in doing so is indicated by the underlying tenets of each theory. In regards to psychoanalytic theory, there is a need to understand the unconscious mental processes that occur. In ...

Application of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory

Application of Erikson’s Post-Freudian Theory

Introduction

Erik Erikson’s’ views make significant contributions to the field of psychology; this is particularly in the understanding of personality development and related factors. An understanding of his own study of personal development creates an understanding of development of his psychology (Fleming, 2004). Most of Erikson’s psychology work became evident in the post-Freudian era. It was between the 1930s and 1950s; being one of Freud’s students, most of his work exhibit the influence of Freudian views and theories; this was mainly in the field of personality development. However, dissimilar from Freud’ ...

The City

The State
Physiology vs. Psyche
Every academic or scientific discipline has its own pace and characteristics of development. Depending on the field this discipline belongs to; its development might be directly dependant on technological improvements or be only indirectly influenced by it. In other cases, development of the discipline might depend on the evolution of human society or general human perception of this discipline. On the other hand, there are such scientific disciplines which include all mentioned above aspects. Those disciplines are also characterized by diversity of approaches to their inner development and research of the target ...

Freud and his followers came up with an unconscious mind account. This serves a significant part in explaining psychoanalysis. There was the division of the mind by Freud into a conscious mind, also known as the ego as well as the unconscious mind. Later, it was demarcated into the id (Instincts and ego) and conscience (superego).According to the theory of Freud, unconscious refers to the processes in the mind whereby individuals create an image of themselves being unaware. Freud came up with a proposal of the hierarchical and vertical architecture of the human consciousness, the preconscious, conscious and ...

The twentieth century was as unique and fertile for literary criticism as it was for literature. The common taste saw a general crumbling of moralistic attitudes and a freer tendency towards experimentation. The high moral ground assumed by the Arnoldian school faded into the background, and also, literature ceased to be regarded as a sublimation of genius of the noblest kind. In its place it came to be regarded as an act of neurotic obsession driven by inscrutable impulses. This debasement of literature must have shocked many high priests of classicism and conservatism, but for many it was a ...

While most people are familiar with a number of leading theorists in psychoanalysis, particularly Sigmund Freud, and possibly Adler and Jung, most people would not be familiar with Karen Horney, considered to be the “fist psychoanalytic feminist” (Hergenhahn & Henley 525). Horney disagreed with several concepts introduced by Freud, especially his focus on unconscious sexual motivation and the division of the self into 3 parts: id, ego, and superego. She believed that social experiences had a greater influence on the creation of self. During the Depression, she found that her clients’ problems were caused by unemployment and the inability to ...

PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY; SIGMUND FREUD

Psychology as a discipline focuses on the understanding of behavior and mental processes. Through the use of various psychological perspectives, we can make an analysis of people’s actions, personalities and perspectives. The application of theoretical viewpoints helps in understanding the person’s motivations, actions and life as a whole. A psychobiography can focus on any individual, but, for this analysis Sigmund Freud is ideal. His personality and diverse achievements in the field of psychology make him stand out. The developmental psychology perspective will help in understanding his life. To grasp it, focus is on three major areas; Sigmund’s life, ...

Introduction

The artists living in the rapid modernizing world of the first half of 20th century wanted not the depict modern everyday life, rather to reveal the emotional and psychological effects of the people’s life. Such artists like Henri Matisse and Paul Cezanne continued painting quite traditional topics, portraits, and life (Fall et al, 2002, p 123). Throughout the modern Art that took place in the first half of the 20th century, there were several themes were evident. These themes included the use of primitivism in various art movement, the exploration of Freud’s psychoanalytic theories, the changing role of ...

Film studies

Introduction
In the present day films are indentified through movie stars which has been successful in the past, sometimes it comes to certain genres. Singing in the rain, stardom and the famous music would be narrative based on singing. Genres are making a knowing statement about Hollywood and the importance of history and the state in 1950s and shows pros and cons of Hollywood throughout.

Nowadays, the films are based on conventional classification (for example, in the TV listings magazine) "thriller", "westerns" and so on and the genre in modern society, every adult familiar with the TV, so it ...

Abstract

Sigmund Freud, the Father of Psychoanalysis, has made lasting contributions in the field of psychology because of his theory on psychosexual and personality development. His unorthodox psychological techniques and theory were influenced by his forerunners and then, after his lifetime, left a lasting impact about how nurture explains human consciousness and behavior, especially, on mental illnesses. His three aspect of the mind: superego, ego, and id, are apt psychodynamic explanations about the workings of the mind and human behavior among his avid followers of psychoanalysts. Further, his stages of psychosexual development: pre-genital, oral, etc., not to mention Oedipus and ...

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

Quite often, people experience anxiety when faced with a difficult situation, and the anxiety ends once the situation is resolved. Occasional anxiety is a common phenomenon that people face especially before undertaking tasks for which they have little confidence in accomplishing. Besides, whenever confronted with the need to make important decisions, people tend to experience anxiety over the possible consequences of such decisions. In general, anxiety occurs when one is facing a difficult situation, has to make a difficult decision, or is about to carry out a task that one has no confidence in accomplishing successfully. In all these ...

Psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud is a psychic form of literary criticism that has found its way to literature. Research attempts to link the psychoanalysis to the author or an interesting character in a piece of literature. The aims and objectives of the criticism revolve around therapeutic nuances that are very similar to the work of Sigmund Freud, Interpretation of Dreams. The major aspects that emerge as critical in the analysis dwells on thoughts and behaviors that fictional characters exhibit. In poetry, the analysis attempts an outlook of a poem’s structure. According to Jacques Lacan, the language structure and the unconscious stream ...

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Introduction

Human resource management is known as the management of the people, who are the part of the organization in such a way that it can increase the productivity of the organization. Contemporary human resources management can help the organizations to design its growth policy in such a way that it can also full fill the requirements of the employees of an organization. If the contemporary management of an organization will design its policies, which will be only goal oriented, then there is no doubt that the company will be able to achieve ...

Other Details

Introduction
Psychodynamics is an approach to Psychology that systematically analyzes human behavior and studies the forces that drive behavior (WebMD, 2006). Therapists attempt to understand the personality of patients and help them deal with their problems. The Psychodynamic model is one of the first models to be used for analysis of personality. Psychoanalytical approach was first developed by Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). This approach to treatment is non intensive and includes no more than three to five sessions a week. It is based on the principle that an individual shows abnormal behavior when he is engaged in a conflict with ...

For a long time crime was blamed on social issues such as unemployment and to personality disorders as the root of criminal behavior. Impulsiveness and lack of empathy are the key indicators of criminal behavior. Psychology in criminal psychology tries to explain criminal behavior as a result of individual factors that lead to criminal thoughts and underdeveloped cognition. Psychoanalysis of crime causation is constructed using the following assumptions:
- Human psychology cannot be generalized to population aggregates; however it should focus on the individual for analysis.
- The driving element to psychology is personality as it reveals the trait ...

Between the year 1972 and 1992, renowned photographer Nan Goldin produced a compilation of photographs that featured an epic sequence of drag queens who frequented a bar in Houston known as the Other Side. There are scenes of men who are dressed as women and portrayed to being in the most intimate and private moments of their ecstasy; getting dressed, putting on make-up and talking on the phone. These are the documented clique of photographs of highly saturated quality that illustrates the unconventional lifestyles of transsexuals and drag queen as portrayed by Nan Goldin. In light of this analysis, it is ...

Psychoanalytic theory was founded by Sigmund Freud and it is one of the most recognized theories and treatment modalities. It is highly misunderstood by the therapists and mental health consumers even though it has been researched to be one of the most effective theories. The theory works by looking at the way the unconscious mind imparts thoughts and behaviours. Therefore, psychoanalysis therapy looks into the early childhood development so that from this basis, one can make a judgement regarding childhood experiences. From these experiences, the therapist can get to know how the childhood events have contributed into the adult behaviours ...

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Abstract

Different theorists have come up with different ways of assessing and demystifying the issue of hate crimes. Many of them have proposed theories that have been used in detailing what happens when a certain choice is made in place of another. For example, in the case Sigmund Freud’s theory, it is noted that individuals are faced with a psychological choice on either to fulfill their inner desire of pleasure without regard on the consequences or to become socially conscious in every decision made including the actions taken. Skinner (1978) on the other have focuses on ...

Mirror stage is an important term in Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory. In his early works, in particular, in the report of the Fourteenth International Psychoanalytical Congress in Marienbad, Lacan considered the mirror stage as a phase in development of a child aged 6 to 18 months. Beginning from the 1950s, Lacan described the mirror stage not as a certain moment in the life of a child, but as a subjectivity structure or paradigm of Imaginary. There were several scientists who greatly contributed to the study of the mirror stage. Among them there is Jacques Lacan, who made this concept known to the public. ...

Ahmed, Sofe (2012). Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory Oedipus complex: A critical study with reference to D. H. Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers”, Internal journal of English and literature Vol. 3(3), pp. 60-70.

Summary Annotation

One of the most often argued critical and debatable questions of modern psychology and literature is definitely Sigmund Freud and his Oedipus complex. Introducing his theory in the field of modern psychology and literature trend, Freud initiated the confrontation of opinions. However, there exist a lot of other valuators, according to which, Freud’s concept of Oedipus complex should be treated with great respect. Outstanding ...

The philosophical basis for the humanistic approach was phenomenology. According to this philosophical perspective, subjective perceptions, feelings, cognitions, experience are more important than objective facts. For example, two people can see the same movie but every person will have a unique subjective perception of this movie. Therefore, humanistic psychologists also believed that every person`s experience is unique and that an individual`s psychology cannot be studied by objective, scientific method such as tests. Also, because of phenomenological ideas humanists believe that one of the main tasks of a therapy is to explore the subjective experiences of a client ( ...

Throughout the play ‘Odepus the King', reader feels that there were sufficient indicators from which Oedipus should have predicted way before time that some truth was being concealed from him (Zachrisson and Anders 313). From messages expressed metaphorically to messages almost certainly meant to convey the understanding that some truth was awaiting him, instances of indicative expressions dominate the play. From the onset, the play is characterised by views and opposing views over just how aggressively Oedipus should pursue the truth regarding his true parentage and as to who was the murderer behind the death of King Laius (Priel ...

The Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Society by S. Freud

Besides the fact that Sigmund Freud is the founder of psychoanalysis and many other important psychological theories, this great psychoanalyst also had his own unique views on society and the processes within it. Most of his theories related to such concepts as "libido", "groups", and "crowd" form rather a strange and ambiguous interpretation of society. Freud hardly distinguished the individual from the context of the whole society and divided the society itself into the crowd, or the groups, which is compared with the primitive horde. This radical disregard for the human qualities of the individual, as a separate and ...

In his article Ecrits, Jacques Lacan discusses the interdependent relationship between the subject of a psychoanalysis as well as the psychoanalyst himself. The premise of the article is to determine what the most effective course of treatment is whenever a psychologist is treating a patient suffering from a mental or nervous system disorder .
In the introduction, the question of the expert providing the treatment keeping himself disconnected from the patient is explored. Lacan suggests that remaining impartial and maintaining a neutral perspective is crucial in ensuring that the most effective treatment. The remainder of the article sets out the ...

Othello, the 1603 masterpiece of the master playwright William Shakespeare is more psychological than artistic, derived from Donald Metzer’s “Concerning the Stupidity of Evil”. Dr. Johnson says that his [Shakespeare’s] drama is the mirror of life; that he who has mazed his imagination, in following the phantoms which other writers raise up before him, may here be cured of his delirious ecstasies, by reading human sentiments in human language, by scenes from which a hermit may estimate the transactions of the world, and a confessor predict the progress of the passions (Johnson. p. 14). Shakespeare portrayed life ...

Abstract

Counseling psychology defines a specialty in psychology within the professional category that emphasizes on the need to facilitate both personal and interpersonal functioning around the entire life. The specialty borrows concepts from, social, vocational, educational, emotional, health-associated, developmental, and organizational issues.
The goals of counseling psychology include a diverse range of closely attached practices that assist persons in improving their welfare, lessen issues, resolve crises and increase the capability of persons to improve their lives. The association of this area of specialization draws more attention from normal development subjects and issues linked with physical, emotional and mental issues. Counseling ...

Psychology is a discipline studying human behavior and mental processes. It is a scientific study which includes diversity of perspectives and approaches. When psychology appeared there were two main theoretical perspectives such as functionalism developed by William James and structuralism discovered by Wilhelm Wundt. Functionalism was focused on exploring human behavior, mental processes and its cause. This very approach was the one which made an important contribution to contemporary psychology. In 1879 Wundt opened his laboratory devoted to psychology, it is considered that he also separated psychology from philosophy.
Nowadays there are several main perspectives in psychology which search ...

Repression is a term that is usually used by psychoanalysts to refer to suppression or avoidance of psychologically painful incidences. Despite its frequent use, psychoanalysts, as well as nonpsychoanalysts, use the term in reference to the various context that involves psychogenic amnesia or traumatic memory loss. In this paper, the use of the term by Sigmund Freud and Jennifer Freyd is examined to illustrate similarities as well as the differences in the utilization of the term. Freud uses repression in the illustration of psychoanalysis technique of his patients who presented neurological pathology after psychologically traumatizing events. Usually, Freud cases ...

Response to readings

The uncanny by Sigmund Freud is an article that tries to bring together two concepts; psychoanalysis and literary criticism. The first idea in the uncanny is the conceptualization of "Uncanny". Freud argues that uncanny as a concept refers to something that appears to be both fearful and frightening. He goes on to plot the development of “Uncanny”, and points out that everything starts out as being familiar and then develops into being uncanny. “That what is ‘uncanny’ is frightening because it is not known and familiar” (Freud 2). This is borrowed from the two German words, Heimlich and unheimlich. ...

Personal transformation refers to a dynamic and uniquely individualized practice of increasing consciousness where individuals turn out to be critically knowledgeable of old, as well as new self-views, thereby choosing to integrate these opinions to a new self-definition (Campebell, 2004). Although these views might take the form of Transpersonal Psychology, Taoism, Contemplative Psychology or Confucianism, they are capable of distinctively conceiving the temperament of human existence thus transforming the individual differently (Campebell, 2004). As a result, this essay explores personal transformation through the various perspectives of Transpersonal Psychology, Taoism, Contemplative Psychology and Confucianism.

1) Transpersonal Psychology

Transpersonal psychology widens the theories of traditional psychology concerning ...

The basis of Masson in The Assault on Truth. Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory denotes a psychoanalyst struggle to reject the establishment of Freud. The thesis of the article is based on the rejection of the seduction theory established in the perception that reject the reality of substitute and neurosis imagination. From this article, Masson paints a picture of the enduring theme of psychoanalytic history as a result of the emerging reports from the patients who had experienced sexual abuses during their childhood.
The article The Assault on Truth. Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory seem to unearth the clinical ...

Introduction

Psychology is a vast field. There are many laws, principles, and theories that govern the train of thoughts of psychologists and mental health professionals working in the field. Basically, psychology is a branch of science that is concerned with the academic and applied discipline of studying behaviors and mental functions of animals, which in this case, would be humans. Psychology is not only concerned with studying the behaviors and mental functions of an individual because it may also aim to study the behaviors and mental functions of a group or population. The objective of this paper is to discuss psychology in general, ...

The psychological traits of Victor Frankenstein are displayed throughout the pages of Mary Shelley ‘s novel, Frankenstein, published in 1818. These traits will be discussed, labeled and analyzed throughout this essay. Though Victor Frankenstein is a fictional character, Mary Shelley brings him to life, with many psychological characteristics. These characteristics are classified under psychological terms discovered by many psychiatrists, including the father of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud.

The psychological characteristics discussed are fixation, intellectualization and reversal, all of which derive from the id, ego and super-ego.

Victor Frankenstein was a man with obsessive behavior. Once his mind was introduced to a matter in life, he wanted to know everything he could on that matter. This stems from his id. “There is something ...

Chapter 20

Essay Question #1: 10 points
Describe the art movement Fauvism. Why were they named that? Who were significant artists that belonged to the Fauves. What set them apart from the artists before them? Where did their ideas come from? Who were their influences?
Fauvism was a liberal movement where artists experimented on their color and style choices, by choosing vivid and brightest colors to being out art in its purest form. The term fauvism (coined in 1905 by Louis Vauxcelles) arose from the word “fauves” meaning “wild beasts”, because of its boldness and the shocking reaction it evoked ...

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Introduction

Each individual has peculiar traits and characteristics that differ from other individual. These differences are unique and refer to as the individual’s personality. In our daily lives, we tend to encounter individuals who are quiet and reserved; other individual prefers to sit in the corner, while others like to become the center of the crowd, chatting with every individual in the party with full confidence.
This varying traits and behaviors of an individual are best explained by renowned theories that will potentially help one why a person is behaving a certain ...

Marilyn Monroe came from a very ordinary background and went on to become extraordinary. Was she really extraordinary or the people around her and the media projected her as one? In order to understand this, it is essential to understand her mind. Maybe there is a side to her that nobody has seen. She is no fiction but a real woman, who made all those movies and did get married. She is not the fantasies that people built around her. People love fantasies more than the reality. Marilyn allowed them to fantasize about something else.
The purpose of this paper is ...

The universe has never run out of wonderful mysteries, and perhaps one of the greatest mysteries that we will never grow weary of exploring is the mystery of life. In Biology, we learn of the many ways through which life manifests itself in our planet. In Taxonomy, we learn that there are, under different classes and kingdoms, thousands and thousands of names that we use to refer to living things, be it animal, bacteria, protist, or any other life form. This background and context only makes more interesting another one of those mysteries of the universe that we have ...

The Viagra phenomenon is an important event in the modern medical, cultural, social, political and economic life that marked the change of the people’s views on the role of drugs in healthcare, as well as the boost in the development and use of the life-style drugs, as opposed to the previously prevalent use of the life-saving drugs. The subject of impotence became increasingly popular at the beginning of the 20th century, when famous psychologists and psychoanalysts developed a range of theories claiming that the primary reason for the male sexual dysfunction is rooted in the mental health and psycho-emotional ...

Connection to Play Experiences

Introduction
In putting the different development theories on a table, it could be understood how one works, how one differs from the other, what brought to its existence and to whose theory can you relate your development most. With regards to my play experiences, I find I can relate to Erik Erikson and his theory called the “Theory of Psychosocial Development,” because it is the most accurate in explaining how my play experiences helped me develop into who I am today. David Shaffer gives a brief discussion of Erikson and this theory in his book, entitled, “Social and Personal Development,” ...

Nietzsche’s genealogy of morality and Freud’s concept of unconsciousness offer distinct explanations for the forces that affect behavior. The relationship in their explanations perhaps lies in the fact that both of them attribute the behavioral factors in human beings to influences. However, the point of departure between the two begins with the nuanced association of the causes of the behavioral influences. While Nietzsche would have us believe that behavioral influences are a factor of social constructs of what is bad and evil, Freud on the other hand, would have us believe that behavior are a factor of internal influences ...

Analysis of counselling session

Analysis of counselling session

Introduction

Countertransference usually happens when someone says something to a person because they may have possibly triggered something from their past and their response to the person may triggers something back towards them (Gelso, 1995). So the person is now "counter" transferring it back to them - "basically returning" the transference feelings back to the other individual. The counselor interest in this subject derives from my own preference to use (or be used by) the transference process in the work. It likewise comes from the counselor’s personal experience of being on the receiving end of what ...

An overview

Introduction
In simplest of words, theology is the study of religions and religious beliefs. Some scholars choose to call it the science of deities and divinity. But atheistic scholars do not very much approve of theology as a viable branch of study or ‘science’. Nevertheless, theology has been helping religious people understand, follow and even reform their religions with time. The great theologians in history have acted like a guiding star to bring changes in religious beliefs and rituals. And in the course of past several centuries, the major religions in the world have been modified mainly because of these ...

1.0 Introduction
The study of human development remains widely varied and complex, thus giving rise to many debates, controversies and issues. As each developmental theory tries to explain a limited area of development, the end result is a wide range of competing theoretical views leading to a major controversial issue of continuity vs. discontinuity. At the core of the controversy is whether human development is solely and evenly continuous or it consists of age-specific stages. The proponents, for instance the environmental or behavioral theorists, of the continuous model believe that development is a linear increase in abilities and competences that is smooth ...

Introduction

Sigmund Freud emphasizes the importance of the psychoanalytic value of dreams tremendously. He is of the opinion that dreams give a useful insight into the unconscious mind of a dreamer. His fascination with dreams shows in his keeping a diary during his childhood and he has used many of the ideas and dreams written on the pages of his diary while composing his most famous publication 'The Interpretation of Dreams'. Freud believes that dreams are an attempt to fulfill wishes by the id, especially those wishes which remain unfulfilled in the waking life due to various reasons. Because the longings and desires ...

The novel “The Sun Also Rises” was accepted by the audience from all around the world from the moment it was published till this day. It provides a delicate and somewhat masked picture of the time in which the plot of the novel took place. The inspiration for the main characters in Hemingway’s piece lies in his own life experiences. Although his writing is very simple, it represents a treasury of hidden and concealed observations.
The historical climate in which the plot of the novel takes place is very important for understanding concerns and behavior of the protagonists. It ...

Introduction to Cinema

Anneke Smelik has regarded that cinema can be considered as a cultural practice wherein there are mythologies regarding women and the female gender; as well as men and male gender, which depicted legends concerning sexual differences that have been created, fabricated and epitomized (Smelik, 1998, p. 7). Smelik has identified the sexual differences as major obstacles that have been defied by women’s rights movements. As a result, several female directors have emerged to create a better understanding on how films and movies strengthens the folklores on sexual difference, and how it was magnified by some film theorists who symbolized women as ...

The definition of “repression” has been widely contested among psychologist for the past years. Webster dictionary had given a it a definition of being “a process by which unacceptable desires or impulses are excluded from consciousness and left to operate in the unconscious” or simply saying the placement of a unacceptable taught in a far area in our unconscious mind where it can’t be easily retrieved. Sigmund Freud in his book An Outline of Psycho-Analysis tried to investigate further how one gets repression, their behaviors and therapy treatments. Years later, Jennifer Freyd tried to do the same when she published her book Betrayal ...

Abstract

The paper is dedicated to the study of origin of behaviorism, its main principles and contribution that it made into psychology. To get the necessary information, literature review was conducted with the results of the studies analyzed so as to meet the purpose of the study. First, definition of behaviorism is provided, followed by description of three main periods that existed in the history of behaviorism – Watson’s behaviorism, Skinner’s neobehaviorism and social behaviorism. Then the main mistakes of behaviorism are defined and conclusion is made as to the contribution of behaviorism into psychology. In particular, it is ...

Science word instigates from “scientia” which is a Latin name with the meaning of acquaintance. Science therefore is the acquaintance gained in the course of the progression of learning and applying what has been learned. The structures of attaining the knowledge are by the application of examination, explanation for demonstrations and enlightenment on the natural occurrences. From that, philosophy of science deals with the assumptions and methods of science as per the worth of science. It gets it support form a common quote that says that philosophy of science is useful for scientists as ornithology is to birds. This paper will ...

“Lifespan (human) development and its changing roles through Health & Social Care settings, describing the psychological intervention that would be useful in health promotion (lifespan development to death - understanding the health and social care service users)”
The development of a human being covers a broader area. It does not begin from birth but it traverses through the time when the mother conceived. Development that starts inside the mother’s womb is equally critical in deciding how the baby would continue to be in the later years of life. Initially, this phase of development was largely believed to be a period of ...

Anna Freud was the daughter to Sigmund Freud and so, she grew up seeing what her father did. She grew a deep attachment towards psychoanalysis as a result of experiencing it from the works of her father. Even after his death she continued to flourish in the field and became one of the greatest theoriust5s in child psychoanalysis.
For most of his childhood and even early life, Carl Gustav Jung had a compelling feeling that he had two kinds of personalities. He was strongly convicted that he was both an extrovert and an introvert. It is this conflict in his personalities ...

Introduction

Over the years, psychology has become an important science, alongside more traditional sciences such as chemistry and physics. According to the American Psychological Association (2011), psychology is:
“the study of the mind and behavior. The discipline embraces all aspects of the human experience — from the functions of the brain to the actions of nations, from child development to care for the aged. In every conceivable setting from scientific research centers to mental health care services, "the understanding of behavior" is the enterprise of psychologists” (Support Centre, 2011).

There are various approaches to psychology, namely behavioural, cognitive, humanist, psychoanalytic ...