Substitution Reports Samples For Students

Abstract

This experiment involved alkene preparation by alcohol dehydration (water elimination) in the presence of an acid catalyst. Elimination, combination, rearrangement and substitution are the basic types of chemical reactions known in organic chemistry. Alcohol dehydration is an important transformation that leads to the yield of alkene and it is an example of an elimination reaction. Dehydration is a process that involves the elimination reaction of an alcohol. There is a loss of H from one carbon and OH from adjacent carbon, hence, resulting in a water molecule removal that results in the formation of alkyne or alkene. When an alcohol loses its ...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution to yield 4-Bromoacetanilide

Introduction
Halogenation is a common process in organic synthesis. It is used in industrial and research synthesis as halogenated compounds are used for numerous widely used goods, including plastics. The lab aimed to perform monohalogenation of acetanilide. The reaction is specific since it is performed without catalyst. The typical halogenation is realized in presence of Lewis acid. Halogens molecules are electrophilic, and do not actively react. In presence of Lewis acid, the interaction is rather active.2
The lab used catalyst-free halogenation. The acetanilide molecule contains the acylated amine. As a result, the electronic density is shifted towards the amine ...

Abstract

This company deals with the provision of management, operation, and crewing services for a diversified marine fleet, which consists tanker, container and dry cargo vessels for approximately seventy ships with a capacity of close to 8.0 million deadweight tons (dwt). The company was formed in the year 2010 due to a merger between TST and SHL companies, with an aim of expanding services to third party and to continue technical management of existing TST managed fleet.

List of Abbreviations

CFS – Container Freight Station
EU – European Union
TST – Tsakos Shipping and Trading SA
SHL – Schoeller Holdings Ltd
ITM – Institute of Transport Management
...

- Introduction:

The feudal system of land tenure was introduced in Ireland by Normans. In this regard, the feudal system primarily worked on the principle that the ownership of all land eventually lied with the crown. This principle was base on the presumption that private bodies could not directly own land. The feudal system of tenancy completely disregarded and did not recognize the modern relationship between the landlord and tenants. To this end, grants of land over a period of years were regarded as creating personal contracts only. Nevertheless, it did contain certain characteristics of modern landlord-tenant relationship. The land ownership structure ...

1. Overview

The peptide hormones are proteinous in nature and may have 3 to 200 amino acids residues. This class of hormones includes all the hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary, as well as insulin and glucagon of pancreas. Peptide hormones are named based on their endocrine activity rather than their chemical structure; for example, growth hormone is thus named because one of its effects is to stimulate growth. The structure of a particular peptide hormone can vary among different species, with some homology between close relatives. Some small peptides are identical; for example, GnRH is identical among mammals but different in ...

Introduction

The increasing use of electronic devices like mobiles and laptop has necessitated the constant supply of power. A power bank is increasingly becoming a ‘must have’ for people on the move. Kazam Mobile, the startup mobile company has come up with its Kazam Power Bank (KPB) which can power the batteries in use in mobiles and laptops.
This report starts with the corporate objectives of Kazam. This is followed by a market overview of the power bank market in the UK. An internal and external audit of the market would be presented thereafter. The assumptions for the power bank ...

McDonalds has come to create a network in both Italy and Russia. Italy seems to have better balance of payment and government balance indices, interest rate, trade policy instruments and not needing to lose over currency rates while dealing with Eurozone importers, and even unemployment and GDP growth rates. However, unemployment and the lack of growth indicating poor economic performance and social welfare situation may advantage the brand in Russia through better low-cost labor availability and consumer reorientation on less expensive restaurant offerings. Overall, neither of the country is the ideal market for the brand, yet both have their ...

http://www.fullbooks.com/Organic-Syntheses2.html

Section ____________________
Stoichiometric Data (For any reactants that are part of the balanced equation, base on the amounts measured in lab)
* HNO3
1 mol63.01 g x 1.41 gml x 6 ml= 0.13 mol
* H2SO4
mol98.08 g x 1.84 gml x 6 ml = 0.11 mol
* Phenylacetonitrile
mol117.15 g x 1.015 gml x 2 ml = 0.017 mol
*p-nitrobenzyl cyanide
162.15 gmol x 0.257 mol = 41.7 g
*1.2 g 41.7 g x 100 = 2.9%
* production Mass = 1.2 g
mol 162.15 g x 1.2 g = 0.007 mol
0.007mol0.257 mol ...

This report describes a nutrition trial in which broiler chicks were divided into separate, randomly-positioned pens and reared under controlled conditions in which each of four batches was fed on a different diet treatment during the trial, which started on 18th August and ended 14th September. There was a control diet with no DDGS, two further treatments with 15% and 30% DDGS content respectively, and a fourth treatment also with 30% DDGS content but with added amino acid in the formula. The birds and feed consumed were monitored and weighed every third day, keeping records throughout. At the conclusion of the trial those ...

Click Chemistry describes the biocompatible reactions that are high yielding, that are very simple to perform, have wide scope, that need no chromatography to remove their byproducts and that can be conducted in easily removable solvents. The synthesis of first triazole was reported by Arthur Michael in 1893. In the 20th century, Huisgen discovered the catalyst of copper, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition which required the temperature of 100 degree Celsius. This reaction of copper is a highly versatile reaction which does not require any specific reaction conditions and can easily be performed with various solvents, wide temperature range and pH, ...

Introduction

The strategy is the purpose and direction an organization takes to get to its future and achieve long-term goals. It involves motivating trustees in the organization to engage meaningfully with the external environment. The organization, thus, matches its diverse capabilities with the needs of the stakeholders. An organization and in this case the MacDonald has a strategy that determines how the business relates to the outside world. It also determines how the organization will take every opportunity to innovate, improvise as well as make improvements. MacDonald should have a strategy that concentrates on priorities, making sure that the organization’ ...

Management

In order to ensure successful conduction of business, organizational skills and effective planning is required. Further, analysis of competitors, understanding risks, and staying focused.
The selected business is business of guest house. Rooms are provided to customers so that they can stay there to take rest. They are also facilitated with food including breakfast, lunch, and dinner. They can have their food at their door step or they can come to VIP lounge that is made in order to facilitate customers in a better manner.

Organizational Chart

Industry of Business
The business of guest house is included in the hotel industry.
...

Introduction

Pakistan is a developing country and is the 26th largest nation in terms of purchasing power parity. A member of BRICS community, the nation has shown signs of becoming one of the world’s largest economies by 2025. In the past, the country had suffered from the ills of political disputes, energy constraints, poverty, growing population and non-conducive business environment that had halted the growth of the country. However, during the past few years, Pakistan has shown some optimistic signs of economic improvement with consistent growth in GDP and other macro-economic factors. Still, many factors such as social and ...

- Thesis statement
In the measure, life is two-faced, and those who live it are inevitably so. The play tries to imply that ambivalence is an unavoidable part of being human.
- Plot
Disturbed by the behavior of his people, Duke Vincentio thinks that enough is enough and puts deputy Angelo in charge of enforcing the laws at Vienna while he is away “on business”. While Angelo is in charge, he sentences Claudio for fornicating with his girlfriend whom he intends to marry and wants to behead Claudio to make an example of him. The plot ...

Egypt is located is the northeastern part of Africa, and the majority of the country’s economic activities is concentrated in the Nile valley, a highly fertile area that bisects the country. The economy of Egypt is mainly represented by agriculture, industry, and services sectors, which comprise approximately 14.5%, 37.5%, and 48% of the country’s GDP respectively (CIA World Factbook, 2014). Key economic sectors include tourism, construction and manufacturing. Governmental actions and political uncertainty negatively impact the country’s economic condition for the past several years. As a result, Egypt shows a declining economic growth and rising unemployment rates. This paper ...

Business Report on Amazon

Introduction
Amazon is one of the most renowned and distinguished online retailer. It is an American run e-commerce firm. They have their headquarter in Seattle, Washington. It is known as the leading company which is operating electronically through the internet. Since more than ten years, they have managed to sustain their position. They have been comparatively unaffected by the changes in the external environment.
Initially Amazon was an online website which was involved in selling books online. Later, when they started being successful, they diversified their operations to sell videos, mp3 songs, video games, apparel, jewelry, packaged ...

__ March 2014

Summary:

- What the Paper is about
The paper is about John R. Graham and Campbell R. Harvey‘s analysis of their survey regarding the current practices of corporate finance. It looks into three main aspects: capital budgeting, cost of capital and capital structure :
The objectives of the research study are: (a) to serve as basis for development of new corporate finance theories, or to modify/nullify existing ones; and (b) for practitioners to learn from the findings, especially from cases where academic theories were not applied completely.
It is differentiated from earlier surveys conducted in ...

- Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure are some of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity with Australia being one of the country’s most greatly affected (McLean, Esclick & Coats, 2006). An area of interest in the pathology of heart failure is the significance that polymorphisms of adrenergic receptor genes have on the outcomes of patients with heart failure. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs that occur in the genes that encode for adrenergic receptors are known to have various physiological and functional consequences. Specifically, the β1-adrenergic receptors have a crucial role in the regulation of heart rate and ...

There are three basic aspects that cannot be ignored when addressing digital security. These include computer security principles, encryption and programming techniques used to achieve security. Digital security is all about information and systems security it’s majorly focused on protecting systems and the information they create, process, transmit and store. This clearly brings out the mostly ignored fact that information in motion is prone to attacks and therefore should be protected. Sniffing and snooping of network systems is a bitter reality that cannot be ignored. These are the main attacks that information in motion could be subjected to. In ...

Introduction

This article “Mitt Romney's green-jobs criticism carries risks” by Nicholas Riccardi of the Yahoo News discusses the effects of “green jobs.” Congressman Mitt Romney criticizes President Obama’s “obsession” with “green jobs.” Basically, green jobs should lower the use of resources and/or ecological impact. Green jobs must also create jobs. In simple terms, it must create economic efficiency.
The economic article will be explained in terms of the principal microeconomic concept such as the cost-benefit principle, particularly through opportunity costs. Microeconomics’ basic tenet says that there is always a tradeoff between capital, labor and natural resources (like energy in ...