Congress Research Papers Samples For Students

Zachary Taylor was born on 25th November 1784 at Barboursville, Virginia. Being born from parents who were ordinary plantation owners, life was not easy for him and had to struggle to rise through the ranks. The many acres of land owned by his family in Kentucky were prosperous with cotton. Millions of black slaves worked as workers in his father’s lands. Taylor realized his dream of being a militia earlier in life and was committed to achieving that dream all through his childhood (Lamb, p.37). In 1808, his dream of serving in the military began materializing when he received ...

When most Americans hear that the Supreme Court has utilized judicial review to strike down a federal legislation, they often understand the Court’s act as a nullification of the legislation. Simply put, the court has undone the work of the congress and ended the life of the statute. The other branches of the federal government are elected by the Americans and are entrusted with the responsibility of making laws. Nevertheless, the reality is that judicial review does not usually end the life of the statute, but offers an exemplary opportunity for the congress to review the legislation and incorporate or ...

The beginnings of West Point Military Academy can be traced back to the earliest days of the independent nation of The United States of America and Commander George Washington. Used as a strategically placed fort during the Revolutionary War, West Point, located along the Hudson River, demonstrated its importance during the war. Also during the pivotal and important events of the Revolutionary War, Washington was aware that the fledgling nation that had depended on foreign engineers and native ones that were of “dubious quality” for critical engineering information during the seven years of war. Washington believed that the new nation ...

Introduction

The US House of Representatives is one of the two Houses that make up the country’s legislature. It is constituted by representatives of the various districts of each state. Representatives play an important role in the political, social and international direction of the country because they, together with the members of the Senate, determine the laws to be passed. It is important, therefore, that representatives not only truly understand the needs and aspirations of the people, but also recognize the significance of the bills they pass to the nation as a whole. Two of the members of the US ...

Abstract

Foreign policy is a set of strategies that a state formulates so as to safeguard its national interests. The constitution of the US divided the power of foreign policy formulation between the congress and the president. The two bodies each play important roles in the process. In the United States, the power to formulate foreign policy lies between the president and the Congress. However, the office of the president has more power over the formulation and implementation of these foreign policies. The strategic environmental, foreign policy is a foreign policy in the administration of President Obama that aims at maintaining global peace ...

Richard Nixon became the 37th president of United States of America after the presidential elections of 1968. He successfully served his first term as president and was reelected overwhelmingly into office in 1972. He, however, did not complete his second term in office due to allegations of involvement in Watergate scandal. He resigned as the president of US on August 9, 1974 after the Judiciary Committee had recommended his impeachment to the Congress over Watergate Scandal (Vile 30). Before Nixon became president, he served as the vice president during Dwight Eisenhower’s presidency between 1953 and 1961. In 1960, ...

The history of the formation and development of the American federalism is interesting because, in spite of all its specific features, it largely reflects the general trends that are inherent in any federal state. Such, for example, as a struggle between the center and the subjects of the federation for the rights and powers, as the trend towards centralization of power, and so on. In other words, it indicates the urgency of the problem of the relationship between the central government and form part of any complex public education.
In 1775 the thirteen American colonies of England raised a rebellion ...

The term Union was used during the American Civil war to refer to the United States of America. It specifically referred to the national government and five border slaves stated and twenty other free states. The union was opposed by the Confederacy that was composed of eleven southern slave states. The United States army soldiers were provided by all the union states (Blume, 2012). The area of the border sent large numbers of their troops to the Confederacy, and they also played a significant role as a base of supply for Union invasion of the confederacy. Industrial resources came from the ...

A federal act of congress can be used to refer to the common laws formulated and enacted by the congress in the United States. The laws endorsed could either be common or public depending on how they will relate to the people and their effects. If a law is termed as public, then it applies to every individual in the country and no one is considered to be above the law in this case. On the other hand, private statues relate to explicit rules that apply to a particular group of people (Jensen, J. 2006). For instance, a group of certain professionals ...

Federal v. State Law Marijuana Legalization

Can states legalize marijuana while it remains illegal under federal law? Is medical marijuana a loophole to get around the federal law?
Marijuana is a hemp plant called Cannabis Sativa. It is available in the forms of dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds. The resinous concentrate obtained from the plant is known as Hash Oil. Marijuana is an annual crop plant. It grows from seeds in open areas exposed to sunlight. It germinates within a week and attains its full growth in 4 to 8 months. Marijuana contains medicinally active compounds that act on the brain. The main active compound is ...

I. Introduction
Ever since National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden leaked a cache of documents detailing the NSA’s comprehensive electronic reconnaissance program in June 2013, mass electronic surveillance and the ability of the government to intercept and access communication around the world have been of the hottest public policy topics in the nation. The focus of the debate centers on the tension between privacy and security. On the one hand, privacy advocates argue that while the Founding Fathers had not explicitly stated that Americans had a “right to be left alone,” various rights at common law and provisions ...

The constitutional scholar and radio host presenter Mark Levin culminates as an author of the book, “The Liberty Amendments: Restoring the American Republic.” The author of the book invokes Article V of the constitution that sets out methods for amendments that intend to rein in a reckless, unruly, and usurpations federal government highlighted in the 10th Amendment. McCarthy, (2013) assert that Levin undertakes this project to preserve and restore the constitutional republicanism and the civil society and prevent federal Leviathan authoritarianism. According to Levin, Statists achieved the process of disfiguring the compact constitutional order (Levin, 2014).
Framers of the ...

When the spending and expenditure of the government exceed the incomes the government receives from taxes, then the budget deficit occurs. A budget deficit plunges a country into a state with high public sector debt. Budget deficits have far fetching effects on the economic status of the country. If they become unsustainable, high interest payments and rising bond yields become a common feature in the country. An increase in the interest rates scares away investors who fear losses that may accrue to them when the capital they invest fails to give the expected returns . If they become worse, budget deficits lead to ...

Technological advancement in the world, today, cannot be denied. With the coming and advancement of technology physical movement of people is more of a basic need than ever before. The movement could be from a short distance or even from Continent to Continent making driving vehicles an important subject that this paper seeks to discuss. It may be evaluated from the economic view which would lead to the movement of people and goods and hence building the economy. There is, however, the simple sense of children going to school or even members of the families going to work. In addition, accidents ...

Introduction

After coming to power through a coup in 1969, Muammar Gaddafi abolished the Libyan Constitution in the 1970s and introduced a self-acclaimed political philosophy based on the Green Book (Hilsum, 12). The Libyan parliament and the whole country, therefore, came under Gaddafi’s autocratic rule until his death in 2011 during the Libyan Civil War.
The Libyan parliament was not democratic. The parliament was made up of 2,700 indirectly elected representatives of the Basic People’s Congress (BPC). At the national level, the equivalent of parliament was the General People’s Congress (GPC). The GPC was the people’s ...

Abstract

The way corporations have managed to influence how decisions and policies are made by congress has generated a lot of interest because of the huge amounts of money handled and used by the PACs. PACs are using financial incentives to coerce legislators by promising lucrative deals and positions in their corporations. This paper seeks to address why PACs are compromising democracy in congressional votes and why they need to be eliminated.
Campaign finance puts pressure on legislators when making policy decisions in congress (Brooks, Cameron, and Carter, 1998). It is common for most PACs to select a specific individual and ...

The power of media and its effects on the society cannot be underestimated. The media has a profound effect on people’s culture, values, and priorities. Perhaps the biggest influence the media has on individuals is its determination of reality. Today many societies fall victims to media influences. The media’s influences especially on kids are so palpable that scholars have debated if the media’s influence on youth and the society is sustainable. Granted, the media also is credited for positive roles that its plays in the society particularly in regard with information. In addition to shaping popular culture, ...

11-5-13

The Congress of the United States has been accused of being out of touch with the American people. There are many reasons that this might be the case. One such reason is the lack of term limits placed on members of Congress. (Bennett, 2012) This allows members to become congressmen or Senators and slowly assimilate into the culture of Washington DC. Many representatives spend more of their years in office in Washington than in the areas they are supposed to represent. (Reed & Schansberg, 1994) Often times, these individuals are reelected on name recognition, or party affiliation rather than on ...

Introduction

In the US, Congress has for a long time been empowered to handle matters on security on a very highly ranked platform. This can be attributed to the sensitive nature of the whole issue of security given that the country has faced several threats of attacks where some have been successful while others were managed before they could get out of hand. For example, one of the most devastating attacks that ever took place on the American soil was the September 11th 2001 attack that left dozens dead and others maimed. Out of such experiences and others, American leaders have always ...

Biography of Obama

Barack Obama was virtually unknown to the general public before the Democratic primaries of 2008, and had served briefly in the Illinois state senate and then a single term in the U.S. Senate before running for president. His background is absolutely unique among U.S. presidents, who have all been white men, while his mother was a white woman and his father an African from Kenya. He was also unusual in that he spent a great deal of his early life overseas, including with his mother and stepfather in Indonesia, where they were possibly involved in intelligence work. Later, he was educated at ...

The Eighteenth Amendment

The Eighteenth Amendment was a constitutional provision that facilitated the provision. The amendment was to the effect of prohibiting the production, transportation and sale of alcohol in the United States of America. It was legislated by Congress on behalf of the citizenry. The spirit of the amendment lied in the need to remedy and save the American society which was being adversely affected by alcoholism. It is instructive to note that the amendment did not expressly ban alcohol consumption. However, the amendment banned the production, transportation and sale thereby making dealing and access alcohol impossible. As Rockefeller would note in ...

In the United States history, Reconstruction Era centers on the Southern United States shift from 1863 to 1877, as conducted by Washington, with the reconstruction of society, as well as state. Starting 1863 to 1869, Presidents Lincoln, as well as Andrew Johnson made use of Congress to hinder the moderate plan, inflict cruel terms, and improve the Freedmen rights. The perspectives of Johnson and Lincoln dominated until the 1866election, which allowed the Radicals to take charge of policy, get rid of former Confederates from authority, as well as grant freedom to the Freedmen. A coalition of the Republican took ...

In 2000, the US Environmental Protection Agency conducted a survey of drinking water and safety in 25 states. The findings revealed that an average of 34 million Americans used tapped water. The tapped water contained average levels of arsenic, which posed a massive cancer risk among the users. The report indicated that at least 56 million people used arsenic water to unsafe levels. The data was analyzed from findings collected in 25 states, and this implied that the risk of arsenic water could be more than recorded if data was collected in all states.
In a report released in June 2000, ...

In America, the whole working class has shifted during the time the nation underwent a change from a society based of agriculture to a society profoundly based on the industrial activity. With the industrial revolution, started a continuous increase of search for factory employees, who would work on mass production of various products; these would be organized in a steep hierarchy, having mostly an unskilled labor and receiving low wages for many work hours.

Of course, with such conditions, workers were not happy with their work situation and, soon, labor unions began to surge.

This rapid growth and evolution lead to the concentration, in just 1% of the national population, of more wealth than in the remaining 99%, with a massive social difference. By this ...

Introduction

Decision making in the United States is a very important task. This paper will answer question number five. The question asks to compare and contrast presidential and congressional decision making. Whether the decision is congressional or presidential, the right decision is essential for the betterment of the American people. Congress and the President both have decision-making powers; although they work in different capacities. Congressional decision-making is by far the most powerful. Presidential decision-making is powerful as well. According to Dean (2010), “nothing is more important in the American presidency than decision-making” (Dean, 2010). It must be noted that although ...

There has been conflict between the President and Congress in United States of America for a long time. The sources of conflict range from varying terms of office, fluctuating support for the president and constitutional ambiguities. Other factors affecting the relationship are the constituencies represented and political party representation in the senate.

This paper examines the conflict between the Obama administration and the senate on the DREAM act and the ability of the president to bypass congress to achieve his own agenda. This is not the first time the President has used his power to bypass congress.
When it ...

Introduction

The Congress plays a critical role in the running of a state by performing several functions. It is formed by members who are elected by people to represent them on matters about the making and passing of the laws of the state. It is mainly involved in the making and passing of the bills and budgets of a country. Therefore, it is evident that the Congress is a critical organ in the governing of a country. As a vital organ of the government, Congress ensures that the strategic intelligence of the country is controlled in the most appropriate way.
...

The Fair Sentencing Act

On August 3, 2010, President Barack Obama signed into law the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010, for the first time in the History of the U.S (Grindle, 2010). This law was a response to the then claims of racial biases of the law in convicting drug dealers. This Act established new quantity thresholds, which were meant to trigger statutory mandatory minimum and maximum penalties for offenses related to cocaine. By so doing, this law amended the Controlled Substance Act and the controlled import and export of substance. This new law saw to it that the quantities of cocaine that ...

On November 20th, 22014, President Obama addressed the nation and announced he was going to sign an executive order that would drastically change the US immigration laws. On November 21, 2014, President Obama signed his executive order in Las Vegas. I plan to use this political activity as my news story because it deals with both substantial legal and ethical issues.
The legal issue deals with the Separation of Powers. The foundation of our system of government is laid out in the U.S. Constitution. In the first three Articles of the Constitution, the founders established 3 separate but ...

Summary

A number of national policies are discussed and aired daily on mass media platforms and newspapers. The three national policy issues that I found interesting are sourced from these three newspaper articles:-
The Associated Press. (2016, May 14). Reyes banned through May under MLB domestic violence policy. USA Today. Retrieved from http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/mlb/2016/05/13/reyes-banned-thru-may-31-under-mlb-domestic-violence-policy/84344426/
Reuters. (2016, June 11). California Governor Signs Bill Letting Undocumented Immigrants Buy Insurance. New York Times [New York]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2016/06/11/us/11reuters-california-insurance.html?_r=0
Shear, M. D., & Lichtblau, E. (2016, January 4). Obama to Expand Gun Background Checks and Tighten Enforcement. New York Times [New York]. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/05/us/politics/obama-says-he-will-act-on-gun-control-in-coming-days.html

Gun Violence Research Act

This ...

INDUSTRIAL/ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Instituation
Abstract
Industrial psychology evaluates the individual, group and organizational dynamics in the workplace. Industrial and organizational psychology assess the problems that hinder the operations of the organization and finds solutions that improve an organization’s performance ("Work Culture - Meaning, Importance & Characteristics of a Healthy Culture," 2016). It uses scientific methods to study and evaluate organizations internal processes and how they affect its performance or achievement of its goals. This branch of psychology evaluates how decisions are made within the organization, the mode, and effectiveness of communication within the organization, the interactions of team members and the gives ...

Since time immemorial in the history of Texas, a state in the United States, it is clear that creation of new district boundaries is always after a decade. It is taking effect upon completion of state census, which does occur after every ten years. Texas congressional redistricting process was a unique one not only in Texas alone, but also to the entire United States. It shifted political arena in congress, United States presidential election and above all it triggered redistricting process in the entire country. Redistricting refers to the creation of new district boundaries drowned after every ten years. It is done ...

Introduction

In modern democracies in general and American in particular, the key principles to constitutional democracy is the separation of powers and rule of law. These principles are damaged by the administrative state where much power is vested in unelected government officials or bureaucrats. In a political system with separation of powers like that of the United States of America, the constitution divides policy making powers among the three branches of government. The Congress is charged with the responsibility of making laws, the executive branch is charged with the implementation of the laws formulated by Congress while the judiciary interprets the ...

All roads lead to congress by Panagopoulos and Joshua provides an exploration of an oversimplified legislative process exploring the institutional and congressional procedures. There has been various important issues that have been omitted and overlooked particularly from the student view of the legislative process. For example, they focus on some important omitted and overlooked issues such as highway funding and legislative process and procedure within the congress halls. It provides readers with a dynamic perspective of the world of distributive politics and the legislative process and procedures. According to this book, the impact of the poor road system is presented ...

Introduction

The Declaration of United States of America’s Independence was big leap for all of its subordinates as well as that of other nations. Through this declaration of independence, the people of America were able to regain their freedom and live out of the shadow of Great Britain. Even if the process was very long and needed too much time, effort, attention and wisdom, still the thirst for freedom was stronger than any other things. In addition, numerous nations also based their declarations and movements with what America had done.
Way back on the 4th of July 1776, American ...

Introduction

Ethics violation is not a new phenomenon in an organization setting. In one way or another, most professionals have fallen victims of breaches of the set code of standards or working against the norm either willingly or unwillingly. There are several ways a professional can practice ethical violation regarding the exercising of duties (Niebuhr, 2013). For various reasons, some ethical violations may go unnoticed because most people may observe the ordeal but fear of reporting the matter to the respective people because fear losing their job, the employer may be afraid how to tackle the issue, and sometimes the ...

The Electoral College is an integral part of the current election process of the United States. Created during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the establishment of Electors and electors was developed through debate of the Virginia Plan, which proposed that Congress should elect the president. However, concerns of the president being controlled by Congress and fears over a small group of individuals being able to dictate who would hold office presented the need to change the plan. For this reason, the Electoral College, which attempts to proportionately divide state votes among delegates. While it has been contested that the ...

President Obama has in recent times made immigration executive orders, which have raised concerns from various circles. In one of his speeches, the president announced a sequential series of actual executive orders that will work to protect over five million undocumented immigrants within the country. The persons have under previous law faced the regulations that required them to be deported back to their origin homeland. He cited that his actions reflected the spirit of former leaders in his position, both Republican and Democratic presidents that have served before him. His primary aim of implementing this orders across the United States ...

The Election Of Narendra Modi As Prime Minister Of India

The task of the historiographer task is a game of juggling truth from fiction not only because there are numerous news sources; there are numerous variations on a given source. The task of the writer of history is to identify objectivity embedded within a continually flowing subjective digital narrative. But is this possible? With the Internet, international events of import often have a series of documentation that are attached to the event, including video recordings, tweets, and even several articles written within hours of one another. With international news, and outlets from around the world reporting on events in real time, the historiographer ...

(Instructor/Professor)

The Founding Fathers were faced with an uncommon dilemma: how to come up with an acceptable formula to elect a president. At the time, the fledgling nation was built around thirteen jurisdictions both large and small and extremely protective to preserve their own rights and wary of a proposed national, centralized form of government. In addition, the people were aware of the statements of political analysts that political parties were involved only in committing criminal activities. With the people of the new state suspicious of the central government, the Fathers were faced with a problem of how to elect a president independent ...

“175 U.S. 211 Addyston Pipe and Steel Company VS United States, (1899)”

Abstract

The arrangement was begun in behalf of the United States under the alleged Anti-Trust act of Congress passed July 2, 1890. It was commenced for the resolve of obtaining an embargo perpetually ordering the six corporations that were made defendants and were involved in the sale, manufacture and shipping of iron pipe at their individual places. The companies were refrained from further acting under or resounding the combination supposed in the petition to have entered into amid them. This which was quantified as illegal and unlawful under ...

- Introduction to the Issue
The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) was established for the primary purpose of ensuring “the continued financial capacity of insurers to provide coverage for risks from terrorism” . The Act was originally passed on January 23, 2002 after the destructive effects of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack on the Twin Towers. The gigantic losses sustained by the US economy necessitated urgent measures to mitigate terrorism risks and to spread the potential losses in future events of similar nature. The TRIA, which had stipulated initial termination date of December 31, 2005 was extended initially ...

Currently, the United States health care system is struggling with an acute shortage of health practitioners especially nurses who are the major and significant primary health providers and close allies of the patients on their journey to full recovery and enhancement of their well-being. Thus, there is a need to boost and support the effort that will increase the number of health care practitioners in the country. On the other hand, just like the rest of the world, United States is also an aging society and the general population keeps increasing. Notably, during the 21st century, persons of the ...

Organized Crime in the United States and its impact to the US Criminal Justice System

The United States of America has its fair share of problems when it comes to maintaining national security and stability against international and domestic threats. The federal government has to contend to the threat of various actors wishing to destabilize the country either through fear or terror or through illicit activity that paralyzes the country. One of the most crucial threats the US government faces today are the transnational organized crime groups which endangers the country from within its borders and through the rest of the world. The problem with this threat is the fact most of these organize ...

Study Questions for Law and Public Policy (P

Abstract
This essay encompasses individual research on Public law questions answered on a nutshell. Every title is a directive on independent questions answered and have no or minimal relation to other titles.

Introduction

Question 1: The legislature, executive and the judiciary are the main foundation of the American government. The House of Representatives, the senate and two houses of congress form the legislature. Every citizen in America has to adhere to the laws and policies formulated by the Legislature. The Executives come up with development goals and policies for the entire nation. The Judiciary decides on civilian, political and constitutional disputes.
...

Many people refer to domestic policy as public policy meaning it is the same thing. It plays the role of presenting decisions, programs and laws that the government makes. All these relate directly to issues and activities that are within the country. Therefore, domestic policy has the definition of set laws and regulations established by the government within the nation’s boarders. Domestic policy is different from foreign policy in that foreign policy talks of how the government advances in politics of the world.
Domestic policy wraps many areas including education, business, energy law enforcement, money, health care, ...

Oil is one of the most demanded products because it is the main source of energy or fuel is most sectors of most economies in the world. The transport, manufacturing, and many other economic sectors heavily depend on oil as the source of energy. Currently, the demand for oil in the world is so high that oil producing countries earn large amounts of foreign revenue just by exporting oil. The world oil prices have been on the rise since the turn of the century. This is attributed to the recent political instability, war and uprisings in the major oil ...

Fist Name, Last Name

Public Administration- Policy on Technology Issue
The current era and world is going through a phase of perilous economic time. The governments are trying their best to develop different types of policies and strategies which should be compatible with the requirements of the market. Moreover public policies are developed and implemented for the betterment of economy, improvement in the life style, provisions of jobs, security of the public and alike (Matei & Băieşiu,2014). Due to the globalization, the competition in the market is increasing, and governments are ready to invest their resources in the private sector for ...

1. Reason for the Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Agency plays an important role in providing regulations which govern securities market functioning as well as protecting investors’ welfare in these markets. Nevertheless, this agency monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. In general, Securities and Exchange Commission is the U.S overall agency whose main agenda is to enforce laws and regulations related to federal securities, stock and options exchanges. This agency was established by the congress in 1934 following the crash of the stock market crash which saw the American economy decline in 1929 (Graham, 1993). Following its ...

Wesberry v. Sanders

Wesberry v. Sanders
The case of Wesberry v. Sanders was decided by the United States Supreme Court in 1964. The case originated in the state of Georgia and involved United States Congressional districts. Wesberry is one of the seminal redistricting cases of the 1960. Wesberry v. Sanders was a part of a series of “one man, one vote” cases that had a significant impact on the composition of the United States House of Representatives. It was decided on the heels of Baker v. Carr, a 1962 redistricting case that held that redistricting question were not political questions outside of the court’s ...

The evolution of human society passed through various different stages, the first being the family heads enjoying privileged positions extending to tribe heads, being equivalent to the head of the state. Hence, the final stage rested with a politically organized society having a full-fledged government machinery and authority. A study of world history is a roof of the fact that states have arisen at different times in different countries. Hobson defines the concept of state as: “State is a community of people, occupying a definite territory, organized under a government, which is supreme over all persons and associations within its territory and independent of all ...

Introduction

An order of Habeas Corpus also known as the Great Writ is a Latin term which basically means produce the body. The writ is usually given by a court requiring a jailer to produce a prisoner before a judge within a certain period, failure of which exposes the jailer to legal sanctions for contempt of court. It has been touted for long as the bedrock of personal liberty in both the American and British legal systems. The objective of the writ is not to determine the innocence or otherwise of the detainee but rather to evaluate the lawfulness of such detention and whether it satisfies ...

The policy making process in the United States is a rather complex one. Politics and lobbying intricacies make the process long and divergent. Each policy takes a different path due to the impact the policy will have on laws and other legislations. However, modeling a policy making process simplifies the problem into important stages significant in the policy making process. Similarly in making the Medicaid and Children’s Health insurance plan the process under which these policies would be developed would be complex and equally different. Additionally policies differ in the jurisdiction which it covers, that is, federal policies cover the entire ...

The United States Constitution provides for the impeachment of the President for “high Crimes and Misdemeanors” (Article II, Section 4) but nowhere defines them. It was based upon this arcane phrase that the House of Representatives voted by a majority to impeach (essentially, to indict) the seventeenth president of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was now up to the United States Senate to garner the required two-thirds majority to convict him, the penalty for which was removal from office.
At the outset, it should be stated that Johnson was impeached because his views as a southern Democrat (although one ...

(Professor/Instructor)
(Course/Major)

The US Constitution allows Congress the power to deploy the ‘militia’ with the objective of “executing the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions.” In addition, it ensures that the states are protected against aggression to overthrow the “republican government” and, upon the request of the state government, against civil disturbances. These constitutional tenets are seen in the 1807 Insurrection Act prior to and after the adoption of 1878 Posse Comitatus Act. The latter bans the deliberate engagement of any component of the Army or the Air Force unless allowed by the ambit of Congress ...

1, Introduction

The news media carries stories almost monthly as shooters attack masses of people unknown to them. On February 20, 2016, six victims were killed and two more seriously injured in an attack outside a restaurant, apartment building, and car dealership in Michigan (Associated Press, 2016). Four days later in Kansas, a gunman killed four people and wounded an additional 14 people (ABC News, 2016). Incidents similar to these are fueling the debates concerning whether gun control laws should be stricter or whether citizens should be allowed to arm themselves in self-defense.
In the next section of this paper, a ...

INTELLIGENCE, TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY/POLITICS

Police administration has been formalized in order to provide an organized system of policing.In the 1970's, professional models of policing have been expanded towards reaching the community and the police are considered to be the best judges on how to deal with peace and order in the community.In the modern era, effective policing is extremely important in protecting life, liberty and property to ensure peace and order. The effective law enforcement is important in counteracting terrorism and other security issues that can threaten the national and global peace and order. The emerging threat of global terrorism becomes a significant ...

On January 21, 2010 the Supreme Court ruled in the Citizens United vs FEC case

in a 5-4 decision in favor of Citizens United. The decision effectively eliminated the ban
on corporate spending in elections. It ruled that campaign donations and campaign
spending constitute free speech and that corporations are people (Barnes). The Citizens

United ruling also stipulated that people can contribute up to $5,200 per candidate per

election cycle ($2,600 each for both the primary and the general election) and make
unlimited contributions to single-candidate super PACs on top of that.(Levy 1).

Speech Now vs FEC

Two months after the Citiznes United vs FEC 5-4 SCOTUS decision, a unanimous nine-
judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit decided in Speech Now vs

FEC that Congress could not place limits on donations given to organizations that make

expenditures independent ...

1. Reason for the Agency Securities and Exchange Commission Agency plays an important role in providing regulations which govern securities market functioning as well as protecting investors’ welfare in these markets. Nevertheless, this agency monitors the corporate takeovers in the United States. In general, Securities and Exchange Commission is the U.S overall agency whose main agenda is to enforce laws and regulations related to federal securities, stock and options exchanges. This agency was established by the congress in 1934 following the crash of the stock market crash which saw the American economy decline in 1929 (Graham, 1993). Following its ...

2014 midterm elections
November 4, the main opponent of President Barack Obama - the Republican Party - won the majority of seats in the Senate in the midterm elections in the US Congress; moreover, it is not only maintained but also reinforced majority in the House of Representatives. Thus, the newly elected Congress, which will begin work in January, next year, will be fully controlled by Republicans.
The upper chamber of Congress - the Senate - the first time since the beginning of the Obama presidency fell into the hands of the Republicans. Out of a hundred seats ...