Plantations Research Papers Samples For Students

Palm oil trees originated in West Africa and were brought into South East Asia in the twentieth century . Around 250, 000 tonnes of palm oil were then exported annually from South East Asia and the number has now increased to 60,000,000 tonnes. At the very beginning, palm oil was used in candles and as a lubricant for machinery. After the discovery of hydrogenation process in Europe, the demand for palm oil increased and after the World War II, it was utilized in many western food products. Palm oil is the most commonly used oil in the world. It ...

Introduction

When we think of blues songs, we relate them to misfortunes, break ups or other bad events. This is because blues is known to have originated from a bad period. Delta blues or Mississippi delta blues is a musical form that emerged in early 20th century in Mississippi. However, this music originates from Africa since slaves were captured from Africa and forced to work in plantations in the South. Slaves used music as a way of escape from the torture and oppression they faced. Slaves would sing to their favorite delta blues as they work in the plantations. Slavery and religion seem ...

In the 18th century, the United States was the centre of African American slavery. Primarily, most of the slaves were from African and worked in the large plantations. The majority of blacks living in the United States during the 18th century were treated as slaves. It was nearly impossible to find a black person who was not a slave. In fact, African-American slavery was legalized in some states such as Maryland and Virginia. This was intended to provide an opportunity for the whites to enslave more Africans to work in their large plantations. Essentially, slaves were harshly treated by their masters, ...

History is full of wars, battles, rebellions and revolutions between peoples all across the globe for a plethora of reasons, both, ethical and unethical. When issues cannot be resolved and unrest begins to stir it is, fairly, inevitable, especially when that unrest involves a greater dominating force oppressing a more vulnerable one. This is when rebellion can occur and revolutions begin. One of the most famous revolutionary wars is, of course, the fight for American independence from British rule. But there was another revolution that took place, in the same era, where people rebelled against their oppression in order ...

Hawaii is an American state where Europeans are not the majority of residents and it is the home to the largest Asian-American community in America. The Asian-American population consists of Koreans, Filipino, Japanese, and Chinese (Avila-Tapies and Dominguez-Mujica 56). Most of the Hawaii natives are descendants of Japanese, Korean, Filipino, and Chinese migrant workers who arrived in the 19th and early 20th century to work in the sugarcane plantations. Since then, more Asians have continued to migrate to the United States.
The Hawaii state was the home of Polynesian Islander until European traders began to arrive in mid18th century ...

The contact of the society in a particular community makes language be interested when investigated in sociolinguistics. The aftermath of this investigation results to new languages, those are Creole and Pidgin language. The languages emerge when two people have a conversation, and they do not speak each other’s language. It is all clear that people from different tribes, nations and ethnic groups can meet for various objections such as business, trade, sports, or plantation work. This calls for a quick means of communication. Pidgin and Creole languages have their characteristics that are capable of being used in differentiate between the two ...

Slavery played a profoundly important role in the making of the United States, as the institution grew from the handful of Africans landed in Virginia in 1619 to the four million African Americans held in bondage at the beginning of civil war in 1861. The bound labor of at least twelve generations of black people crated great wealth for slaveholders, wealth which later translated into a greater political power. The slave trade empowered the American nation which later led to industrial revolution with slave labor producing products like cotton which is a well known cash crop.
Slave owners regularly separated black ...

The word “slavery” evokes many emotions: shame, anger, empathy, and pride. We have come a long way from slavery; imagine what slaves would think if they found out that America is ruled by a Negro president. They would produce a new Negro spiritual song that no one has ever heard. In that song they would sing about the cruelty, they endured and at the end of the song they would sing with great gusto, Free at last! Free at last!

Slaves faced unusual hunger every day of their lives. They were underfed, and even if they were given adequate food while they ...

Thesis Statement: The role that women played in colonial Virginia played a significant role in the growth and development of the social and economic construction of their societies.

History: Women in Colonial Virginia
What were the Roles of Women of Colonial Virginia?
Introduction
Throughout history, women have always had an influential role in the growth and prosperity of their communities. These roles varied depending on the race of the people, geography of an area and the time period. America essentially had three significant groups of women from different backgrounds who have played varied roles in their communities ...

The enslavement of African people is a dark period in American history. It was a system in which individuals were treated as they were property, and of a lesser status, because they were foreign and of a different color. Slavery so profoundly affected the nation and the two colliding cultures that racism still runs deep in America today because of it. Many Americans today brush off the idea of slavery, believe that it is in the past and does not matter. However, it still matters very much to a large portion of the country, and is still an important part of the country’s ...

Introduction

Brazil is one of the largest coffee producing countries in the world. Three kinds of coffee beans are produced by this country including; Arabica, Coffea and Robusta (Daviron & Ponte, 2005). Arabica is the main type of coffee beans produced in this country. About twenty five percent of the total coffee produced in the world comes from Brazil. According to research, about twenty five million people are employed in the coffee industry worldwide. Of these, five million constitute those in Brazil. Currently, it is estimated that around twenty seven thousand square kilometres are made of coffee plantations.
The success ...

Slavery existed in the Americas from the early colonial days and its rapid rise was observed in the XVIII-XIX centuries in Brazil, the Caribbean and the British and French colonies in Northern America when the world trade was actively growing and there was a shortage of labor. The major countries in Europe were able to turn the slave trade into a very profitable business. At first the Portuguese and later the Dutch and the English began to export slaves from the West African coast to the different destinations in the New World. The Middle Passage became a vital part ...

The enslavement of African people is a dark period in American history. It was a system in which individuals were treated as they were property, and of a lesser status, because they were foreign and of a different color. Slavery so profoundly affected the nation and the two colliding cultures that racism still runs deep in America today because of it. Many Americans today brush off the idea of slavery, believe that it is in the past and does not matter. However, it still matters very much to a large portion of the country, and is still an important part of the country’s ...

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: An Overview

Before considering the conditions in which African American women lived during Colonial America as slaves, it is significant to understand the Trans-Atlantic slave trade that started in the 15th century and continued till the 19th Century AD.
The trans-Atlantic African slave trade was an occurrence that was unique in the world history. Moreover, the number of Africans forcibly shipped to the American continent is unparalleled in the human history. It is thought that that about two hundred million enslaved Africans laborers lost their lives within the transatlantic slave system (See Angelo 1989). The studies estimated that more than ...

Tobacco farming in Jamestown VA

The Indians of Chesapeake grew tobacco which was used in their spiritual ceremonies. The English settlers aimed to sell tobacco in England, although they were unproductive. Tobacco from Virginia had a stronger scent and taste than one grown the West Indies grew, and so consumers preferred a variety which was milder. John Rolfe sowed this tobacco considered to be sweeter in Virginia, and raised a sufficient amount to ship to England. Rolfe’s tobacco sold it at a high price, and tobacco rapidly became Virginia’s main cash crop (Pederson, 2009, p.37). At first, the governors of Virginia dispirited the settlers from tobacco ...

The Dominican immigration narrative is one driven by diverse factors and for a foreign born, the history is an enticing one on how we arrived in the United States. Universal history dictates that the immigration happened in four distinguishable groups: the "Trujillo era" (1930 – 1960), the "post–Trujillo era" (1961 – 1981), the "flotilla" group (1982 – 1986), and the "post–flotilla" group (1983 – present) (Torres-Saillant and Hernández, 12). Many of the Dominicans have a history that supersedes the current reasons for immigration, and every family has a history. This history goes back to the days when working the farms ...

Abstract

The slaves in the Southern part of US faced inhuman treatment where they were by law, the property of their owners. The slaves were subjected to harsh treatments including working for long hours in the fields while returning at night only to be met by meager food to fulfill their hunger needs. The husbands were taken from their wives with professional slave catchers tasked with tracking the runaway slaves and torturing those who were suspected to have the intentions of escaping. To be able to save the slaves and make them see the light of freedom, it was necessary ...

Introduction

The history of African Americans in the United States is one that is associated with intense bitterness, suffering and struggle. From the days when African slavery and servitude existed to the current situation, America can be said to have transformed into a true democracy. This level of achievement has not at all been easy. It has taken the sacrifice, commitment and effort of many people to attain the democratic rights that all Americans including African Americans enjoy today. Some of the people who fought to have a free and just society in America will forever remain in the books of history. ...

Introduction

The earth is operating in specifically complicated but fully effective procedures that enable it to withstand lengthened time of being reused over and over by humans from one generation to another. For centuries, the earth has proven itself full of vibrancy; an evident element that leaves humans in awe as they discover procedures and natural systems that make the world ‘go round’. However, an alarming series of data has been collected by scientists and environmental experts that create a distinct source of concern for people living within the present conditions of development (Choi, et al, 2005). The existence of global ...

History

Introduction
Corporal punishment refers to the intentional infliction of physical pain with the aim of correcting or disciplining. Additionally, the corporal punishment can be administered. Many nations seem to be moving from this habit, however, some critics believe that corporal punishment should de embraced. For instance, in the United States there 19 states, which are still practicing it, while 30, have banned it completely. This essay seeks to examine the corporal punishment in the 18th, 19th centuries, and in some abolitionist circles.

Corporal Punishment in 18th Century

As a point of departure, the history of the corporal punishment dates back as early as the ...

Thesis statement

The American IGBO slaves are historically unique from other historically ethnic slaves and are believed to trace their origin in the West African countries.

Introduction

Slavery in the United States of America has existed since time immemorial. The legal institution of chattel slavery existed in the 18th and 19th century. From early colonial days, slavery had been a practice in the British North America. At the time of declaration of independence in 1977, slavery was recognized by the thirteen states. When the United States was founded, the slavery was majorly geared towards the people of African Origin. In this aspect, the ...

Background Information

When Florida became a territory of the United States many settlers began to occupy the State. By the mid 19th century, Florida had become a rural territory with vast plantations. When Florida became a State in 1845, its population was roughly 140,000 with 63,000 of the population being African Americans, majority of who served as slaves (Eicher & David 24). Though slavery was practiced in Florida, not all African Americans were slaves. There are those how bought their freedom and those who were freed by their masters. In its early days, Florida was assumed to be a slave state. This was an ...

Strategies and tools for Spanish and Portuguese to control their empires

A myriad of Spanish settlers and missionaries went throughout the world in expeditious actions of establishing colonies and consequently having a claim on the land for their church and king. However, in some cases where they faced resistance, force was necessary. By the end of 1500s, Spain had claimed a large empire in the south of America. On the other hand, Portuguese colony also spread just as the Spanish colony. There was a large territory to the south of America which remained out of the hands of the Spanish. Therefore, the Portuguese took claim of the regions in the east, Brazil.
...

In this essay, I will argue that geography, including relative location, topography and climate, do indeed affect music, but that this influence has not been as strong in recent history as major advancements have been made in sound technology, most notably the invention of the radio, personal music players, and later the Internet, to lead to the globalization of music.
Furthermore, the education and training required to become a classical musician or composer demands that the musician practice indoors, away from the elements and unwanted distractions. Not only has the evolution of classical music been determined by the elements, but ...

America as a nation has an entertaining and rich history in the manner the country is an economic and military power house. The main focus of this paper is to look at historical events that contributed to the American Civil War between 1861 and 1865. The chronology of these events began all the way in the 17th century when the European began migrating from their countries of origin and settling in the Americas. The reason behind their migration was the political instability in Europe resulting from the religious ideological differences.
The idea of master, servants and slaves all began ...

Introduction

This paper will analyse and discuss early American cultures of Africans, Europeans, and Native Americans with a view of understanding the impact of African culture on American society. The institution of slavery in the 17th and 18th Centuries will also be highlighted coupled with its effect on American society. Practices of slavery in the colonies and later in the United States before it was abolished will also be discussed. The topics will be discussed with a view of proving the thesis that slavery did indeed affected and impact colonial America.

Early American History of Three Cultures

The three cultures that were present in early America were Europeans, ...

Slavery was an important part of American history as it kept the economy of the country in balance. But eventually slavery led to the Civil War between the Northand South. Slavery was not the only reason of the beginning of the war; there were also the social, political, and economical aspects. Slavery began in 1607 and continued until 1865 in America. Many “black” families were destroyed because people were separated from their families and sold. Slaves even didn’t know where and when they came from. As I have already mentioned, slavery was the reason of the development of ...

Interatrial Relationships in America

Before the Civil War
Interatrial Relationships in America
Before the Civil War
The film industry has presented extreme pictures of the treatment of slaves in America. On the one hand films like Gone with the Wind present images of the idyllic plantation, with paternalistic owners and happy loyal slaves eager to serve their masters. On the other hand, films like Twelve Years a Slave presents the brutal treatment inflicted upon slaves in southern plantations (Brook, “Slavery on Film: What is Hollywood’s Problem”). These extreme representations of the treatment of slaves fail to capture the varied conditions under which ...

Question 1: Primary Source

"Progress In Brazil-The Economiste Francais." Times [London, England] January 22, 1889. The Times Digital Archive. Accessed May 22, 2016.
http://ntserver1.wsulibs.wsu.edu:2164/ttda/infomark.do?&source=gale&prodId=TTDA&userGroupName=pull21986&tabID=T003&docPage=article&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&docId=CS85512246&type=multipage&contentSet=LTO&version=1.0

Question 2: Annotated Bibliography

Andrews, George Reid. Blacks & Whites in São Paulo, Brazil, 1888-1988. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991.
Finkelman, Paul. “How the Civil War Changed the Constitution.” The New York Times, June 2, 2015. Accessed May 12, 2016.
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/06/02/how-the-civil-war-changed-the-constitution/
Before the emancipation of Brazilian slaves in 1888, the United States of America had already abolished slavery in 1865. Subsequently, the American societies witnessed the government’s attempt at assimilating persons of African descent as free citizens, equal to the whites. ...

The road to obtaining independence in colonies was never easy. Lives were lost, property destroyed, families separated but still independence had to be achieved from colonizers. There are several leaders in history remembered for leading their countries towards independence through organizing and uniting the people and educating them on the importance of self-freedom as well as the independence of their state. Such leaders are known for being at the forefront in leading revolutionary movements in their countries through their ideas and actions. This paper, therefore, focuses on revolutionary ideas of individuals such as Marx and Engels, Lenin, Gandhi, Fidel ...

Colombian conflict - asymmetric warfare, which began in 1964 (active - since 1966) and continues at the present time, between the Government of Colombia, paramilitary groups, criminal syndicates and leftist guerrillas (FARC, ELN) for influence in the country. It is believed that, historically, the civil war has become a continuation of la violencia - armed struggle between conservatives and liberals in the 1948-1958. The victory of the conservatives in this struggle led to the unification of liberal and communist militants in the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC). Causes for the outbreak of conflict, each party interprets to their ...

The correlation between climate and vegetation is evident in Africa, where, despite the rapid destruction of natural vegetation by humans and animals, there are still vast areas of natural vegetation. There are two main zones in Sub-Saharan Africa.

AREAS OF EQUATORIAL FOREST

The rainforests cover just under 1000 km in latitude and approximately 2250 km from west to east, from the Cameroon coast and Gabon to the eastern borders of Congo - Kinshasa (to the mountains flanking the Rift Valley to the Ruwenzori, the Virunga Mountains and Ugoma (northwest of Lake Tanganyika). The equatorial forest has a wide variety of trees (very high ...

McKissack P C & Mckissac F (1995) “ The Royal Kingdoms of Ghana, Mali and Songhay: Life in Medieval Africa” and The Gale Group Inc (2003) “Middle Passage”. Dictionary of American History
In the first article by the McKissacks, the authors illuminate important aspects of the African American heritage by introducing three main kingdoms of medieval Africa. Songhay, Mali and Ghana were the main countries. Based on contemporaneous accounts, folklore and modern scholarly research, the authors’ discussions covers the customs, people, political history and origins of these civilizations. The authors provide insightful information about the world history and also Africans particularly ...

The enactment of the Black Codes took place after the Civil War and at the beginning of the Reconstruction Era. The Reconstruction Era was a period that focused on the transformation of the United States (“Reconstruction: The Challenge of Freedom”, n.p). The Black Codes were passed with the aim of restricting the freedom of the African Americans. The laws also had the capability of compelling the blacks to work for low wages or debt in the labor economy (“Black Codes”, n.p). The enactment of the Black Codes should not have taken place as it was a propagation of racial ...

African-Americans have lived a miserable destiny under the harsh institution of slavery. They have long endured the cruelty of racial discrimination and social segregation within a country where liberty, democracy and freedom are considered as national ideals. The name “Negros” is not just a simple term, but it is a humiliating adjective that are applied to black Americans to ridicule their race. The blacks have to bear the cruelty of a nation whose economy depended on their labor, yet refuses to recognize their potential as a person. The society upholds to their principle that color of the African-Americans defines the entirety of their being- no ...

The tension between the North and antebellum South sparked during the boom of the cotton industry in the agricultural South. The demand for slave workers in Southern plantations was fueled by the 1793 invention of Eli Whitney which is called the cotton gin. This mechanized device removes the seeds from the raw cotton, allowing massive cotton production that requires greater labor force. Additionally, the Industrial Revolution in England gave birth to a new booming industry- the textile manufacturing that demanded massive supply of raw cotton. Thus, black slaves have composed a big percentage (almost one third) of the total population of ...

Introduction

The history of colonialism in America commences with the arrival of English settlers in America. The English settlers decided to immigrate to America for a variety of reasons. Some of them wanted to start fresh lives and get away from oppressive rule in their homeland.. Others were in search of religious and political freedoms. Still, others immigrated to America looking forward to acquiring their own land, which they could not obtain back at home. Many others went to America looking for fresh opportunities for themselves as well as their families and future generations. Other just craved for adventure and were ...

The British Empire is one of the most extensive empires in the world history. The empire is said to have ruled a population of between four hundred and seventy to five hundred and seventy million people by 1921, which is equivalent to a third of the world population. The development of the British Empire can be dated back to the activities of King Henry VII who reined in a period dated 1485 to 1509. King Henry had a strong drive to improve the British economy through trade and development of factories within and outside Britain. As a way of promoting trade, he established a modernized merchant ...

‘Instructor’s Name’

The influence and role of Virginia leading up to and in the American Revolution
The American Revolution was the singularly important event of the modern history, as it marked the birth of a government which was responsible to the will of the people. The revolutionary war which lasted between the years 1765 and 1783, ended with the colonies separating from the British Empire and the new nation of Unites States of America being born. Virginia had a huge role to play in this revolutionary war, by producing some of the great revolutionary leaders and orators like George Washington, Thomas Jefferson ...

Introduction

Hemp is an old plant which its usage can be traced back to the prehistoric time of human beings. Hemp also referred to as Cannabis sativa has been continually used over the times of human civilization since pottery was invented over 10,000 years ago. Among the oldest artifacts which have known to exist before the ancient history of human beings, is the tiny pieces of fabric made from hemp which has amazingly endured more than eight thousand years of weathering, because the plant is environmentally friendly. The plant has been used in the food, paper and textile industry, ...

Ficus carica L, popularly known as the fig, is a tree that has been known to the world for centuries. Its roots are traced to the Western Asia but it has spread throughout various parts of the globe including Europe and the Americas. The fruit of the fig, or more accurately its flowers, are eaten fresh, dried, or pickled. It has served as a delicious treat to both the elite and the masses. In the succeeding sections, the spread of the fig is discussed focusing on its origin, cultivation, and current market.

Description of the Fig

The fig tree, scientifically referred to as Ficus carica ...

Introduction

Kara Walker is a modern African-American visual artist who focuses on race, sexuality, violence, identity, and race in her artworks. Born on 26 November 1969 in Stockton, California, the artist is renowned for her big tableaux of black designed paper shapes. He father was a former professional artist, university professor, and a manager while her mother worked as a secretary. Kara grew with a good relationship with his father whom she was quoted as saying that her best memories are about the times she sat on his father’s laps in the studio in their house’s garage and watch him draw. She remembers ...

In general, global warming happens when the earth’s surface temperature rises. Scientists have emphasized that the warming of the earth is a natural process. Greenhouse gases are vital in maintaining an optimal temperature for the survival of all living organisms (Spencer, 2007). While it is true that such warming is important, excessive greenhouse gases may result to substantial increase in temperature (Spencer, 2007). Such increase in temperature may have dire consequences to the planet.

Some Aspects of Natural and Anthropogenic Climate Change

Natural climate change occurs as a result of physical earth processes such as volcanic eruptions. Major volcanic eruptions release tons of gases and particulate matters in ...

Introduction

According to Hobbs and Norton (1996) the restoration of an ecosystem id directly related to the ethics. The pre-damaged conditions of an ecosystem are mainly due to the improper behavior of people towards environment.
Elizabeth (2005) stated that the ecological restoration is becoming a major strategy for human beings to interact with environment. Some people believe that the restoration is a land management technique as the conservation and preservation. The other group of thoughts view restoration as a method which modifies the misdeeds and ill behavior conducted towards ecology in the past. Values that help in the attribution towards restoration and ...

Sugar was original derived from the French word “ Sukere” (oxford). By understand the power of sugar, as a commodity and industry, in relation with the current modern globalized market, one can better understand the impact this substance has had on both the present and in the past.
I am convinced that sugar is a powerful force that has had a great impact on history. Sugar production has not only caused the physical colonization, its use has caused us to differentiate class identity around it; today we take for granted the presence on sugar around us. Examining both the social and economic ...

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Abstract

Marijuana is a psychoactive drug derived from a variety of hemp, which contains the greatest amount of substance (cannabis). In nature, there are approximately 60 cannabinoids, the most effective of which - delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. There are three main types of cannabis: Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica and Cannabis ruderalis, the latter contains the least amount of THC. There is also a huge number of hybrids that combine both sativa, and indica.
The regulation and the legal status of cannabis as a narcotic substance in many countries around the world based on the laws governing its cultivation, transportation, sale and use. ...

The U.S. comprises different people from different ethnic backgrounds. During the early years of the 17th century many European governments had official state religions. This resulted into trial of other sects who fled religious cruelty and civil wars. It was not all the European immigrants went to the colonies as free and independent. When settlements and plantations developed, there was a huge demand for manual labor. The poor people therefore became part of the colonial labor might in return for their passage across the Atlantic Ocean.
With the Agricultural revolution more plantations were developed leading to labor shortages. The ...

In the West Indies, tobacco was considered a "poor man's crop," while sugar was a "rich man's crop." The reasons for this are numerous, and are closely tied to the socioeconomic conditions of Jamestown in the 1600s. The use of the West Indies as a cultivation center for many cash crops was a significant determinant of the European and American economies, as well as the practices they undertook to gather these crops. The West Indian economy was chiefly centered around these two crops, which utilized completely different and uniquely intensive methods of cultivation. Regardless, they still used significant amounts of slave labor to ...

Introduction

The United States government was probably reluctant to entertain any relations with a communist state or nation. During the cold war between the US and the Soviet Union Republic, the two countries engaged in shuttle diplomacy, economic policy determination amid other foreign policies in a bid to win over nations into their own principles. Interestingly, Cuba, a country located in the American continent, embraced and supported communism under the leadership of Fidel Castro. The United States of America was not amused. They decided to engage in a number of activities primarily determined to get full control of Cuba. The government, under the leadership ...

Introduction

The Italians movement to Australia can be dated back in the late 19th century and 20th century, a period in the history of the world that was characterized with enlightenment, liberalism, industrial revolution, and the fascinating and challenging experience of the world exploration. Australia was among the key places in the land of Oceania on which Italy had cast its avid colonial eyes in the struggle for supremacy, which had shifted from European theatre to other parts of the world. In line with this, missionaries and explorers from Italy had also a built interest in settling in Australia, even before the ...

The domestic slave trade served as an almost universal way of making money, this was particularly true in the south. The southern economy largely depended on domestic slave trade as well as the high revenue from cotton sales internationally. Slaves were used to clear up forests and plant cotton in the south states by providing cheap and very reliable labor. Slaves were also used as a measure of exchange when planter had a huge debt. The plantation owner would settle his debt by trading a couple of slaves with the person he owes or sell them to make money to settle the ...

Russian and Cuban Communism

Communism is a political and social movement that aims for a classless state where the means of production is owned jointly by the society. The government is the overall owner of the means of production and ensures the masses share in the distribution of wealth. The communist movement has been prevalent in countries like the USSR. The application varies though in various countries. Russian Communism is better than Cuban Communism because limited political pluralism exists in Russia. The political pluralism though limited in Russia can lead to further reforms in the future where the people will elect the political party that ...