Precipitation Research Papers Samples For Students

Assignment 01

Question 1
a. Describe global patterns of atmospheric heating and circulation
The global circulation of air is responsible for driving some of the ocean currents of the earth and assists in redistributing the solar energy reaching the earth. Thus, it moderates and impacts environments for all earth’s life. Without such redistribution and circulation, the Polar Regions would be colder and the equatorial regions hotter. According to Largen (2003), atmospheric heating and circulation is a result of the interaction of solar energy with the rotating sphere which is planet earth. When solar energy heats a sphere, differential heating occurs. ...

Eastern Saudi Arabia and Indiana State have significant geographical differences; hence the climate differences are evident. Excluding the western region, Saudi Arabia is mainly characterized by a desert climate (Zereini and Heinz 77). During the day, the country experiences high temperatures during the day and unexpected drop of the same during the night. Taking into consideration that it is a desert country, Saudi Arabia records minimal amount of rainfall annually. In fact, rainfall is most experienced in the Western Coast, and mainly between October and March, during which an average of about 300 millimeters are recorded (Zereini and Heinz 79). During ...

Abstract

Global warming remains by far the biggest challenge humans have faced in this century. It affects the entire planet although not the entire plane is to be blamed for it. The emission of greenhouse gases and particularly carbon dioxide has been at all-time peak in this century especially the last half of the century. Studies show that the current concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is about 385 ppm, up from 285 ppm prior to industrialization. This has sparked an unstoppable change in the climate patterns in the world. The changes are mostly with regard to the precipitation ...

The Angus Tornado

The distinction between watches and warnings in the case of Angus Tornado occurs in the sense that: A watch occurs in an event that there are favorable atmospheric conditions for the development of extreme thunderstorms with a potential to produce a tornado. For instance, in the case of Angus Tornado, there was a favorable atmospheric phenomenon for the occurrence of thunderstorms such as existences of winds moving at speeds 50 knots and above were recorded with hails characterized by diameters larger than 1 inch. However, warnings are imminent conditions characterized by existence of thunderstorms, which produced a tornado in ...

ABSTRACT

Spring-time events such as flowers budding have advanced by two and a half days per decade since the 1970s in Prairie regions (Korner C, Science, 2010).The flowering of a plant is a central event in its life-cycle, especially in plants growing in temperate regions of the world. These events are known as phenological changes and phenology is the study of plant and animal life-cycles in relation to annual and seasonal climate variations. Flowering phenology combines various diverse fields of study such as plant physiology, climatology, historical studies, and botany (Tooke F, J of Exp. Biology, 2010).
The break of dormancy ...

Research Report on Remediation Methods for Arsenic

Introduction
Arsenic contamination of groundwater used for potable water supply is one of the serious problems plaguing the world today. Worldwide, a large number of people are unknowingly exposed to drinking water that has arsenic content higher than the safety level. A study conducted in 2007 reveals that more than 137 million people in over 70 countries are potentially affected by arsenic contamination of drinking water resources (USA Today, 2007). Though arsenic contamination is found in all the waters in the world, some of the places where the problem is a matter of concern is Bangladesh, Argentina, China, India, Chile, ...

Introduction

“Greenhouse gas emissions from tectonic movements, anthropogenic activities, etc.” (Britanica.com) leads to “greenhouse effect” such as alteration of the global climate. The greenhouse gases leads to increased temperatures within the earth’s atmosphere. Due to the increased temperature, as the greenhouse effects increases, climate change occurs. Climate change is the gradual and steady change of climate over a long period of time. One of the effects of climate change is drought. Drought has several definitions depending on the area or profession in question. In general, drought comprises of a prolonged periods of low precipitation in areas that usually have high precipitation. ...

Over the years, the term “climate change” has been interchanged with that of “global warming” or the rise in Earth’s temperature. This is has been mainly attributed to the effect of greenhouse gases, most notably carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3), which makes Earth’s temperature warmer than it should be and, thus, conducive for living. While the concept of global warming is generally positive in nature because it allows for a habitable planet, the advent of “Industrial Revolution” magnified the gases’ effectsmaking it harmful to the environment. Though the effects of an increased CO2 emission cannot be seen ...

Many scientists have concluded that the world is undergoing detrimental climate changes through global warming. Many scientists from across the globe are working in different countries in order to understand all the aspects of the global warming. From satellite images, one can see that sea level is rising, weather patterns are changing and even ice is meting at an alarming rate. The average temperature of the atmosphere that surrounds the Earth and oceans has been increasing steadily ever since the late 19th century (Lynas 30). The trend has been increasing over the years and right now, every country is ...

Disturbing trends in the climatic condition of the Arctic led to scientists researching this area. Upon close scrutiny the fascinating greening of the Arctic has been observed. From the space, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which is an index of vegetation greenness, the circumpolar changes in the tundra vegetation are observed. The NDVI records of the last 29 years were gathered and the Maximum NDVI was derived. According to studies the MaxNDVI was usually observed in August due to many factors such as CO2 fluxes, above-ground biomass, total eco-system production etc. Many other biophysical properties also cause the ...

Carlsbad Cavern National Park 2

General Information 2
Geology 4
Climate 8
Wildlife and Biodiversity 9
Environmental Issues and Concerns 10
A Day in the Park 10
The 8th wonder of the earth Carlsbad Cavern lies in the heart of the United States of America in New Mexico. The park has an approximate of 118 caves and attracts an estimated number of 500,000 tourists yearly. It lies in the underground world and provides an amazing scenery to any tourist who visits the park. It offers vast subterranean chambers, incredible cave formations, and unique features. Touring the park will require some walking, crawling and ...

The role of people in climate change and its drastic outcomes is undeniable. Burning fossil fuels and deforestation are the main reasons of global warming. While writing the research, much statistics and other data were studied. This information made me understand how serious the problem is. Now it is not possible for me to stay aside of the global problem. Saving the energy and water should be the obligatory things for everyone.
The terms “global warming”, “climate change” and ‘global change” seem to be similar, but they have a difference in their definitions. The notion “global warming” refers to ...

Abstract

The method of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) focus on the exploitation from the heat contained in deep warm rocks associated with restricted penetrability. Although that particular extraction is just feasible when the reservoir penetrability is actually sufficient to make sure a liquid circulation in between injection as well as production water springs. Financial utilization associated with enhanced geothermal systems has to do with normal or even induced nutrient precipitation as well as associated reduction in permeability from those methods even though it might inhibit liquid flow within well casings or even in rocky fractures as well as therefore decrease heat ...

Among the various issues faced by societies globally is the danger associated with the so-called global warming or climate change. Although often used interchangeably, global warming and climate change are two different scenarios that have synergistic relationship. Defined as the overall increase in the global temperature due to excessive accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, global warming differs from climate change which is defined as the abnormally drastic change in climate patterns which have started since the beginning of the 20th century. Despite their differences, global warming and climate change are often seen as two inseparable phenomena. The ...

Acid rains have been in the mid of attentions since the Rio Earth Summit. This is an example where anthropogenic impact combines with the nature forces. “Acid rain” is a broad term referring to a mixture of wet and dry deposition (deposited material) from the atmosphere containing higher than normal amounts of nitric and sulfuric acids” (What is Acid Rain?). Originating from the large number of causes acid rain “is created when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are discharged from industrial plants that burn fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. These compounds react with water, oxygen, and other atmospheric ...

Introduction

The current drought experienced in California is not different from the drought experienced in the past hence using climatic change as the main cause of the drought is not the right answer for the current drought experienced in California. Climatic change can also be considered as part of the contribution to drought experienced in California. This is because the recent rise in temperature experienced in California is also experienced in other parts of the world hence differs with the climatic condition experienced in the past century. Climatic change can take any form either change in precipitation cycle, amount of ...

Environmental Studies

The term Global warming is used to illustrate a gradual rise in the average temperature of atmosphere and oceans of the earth. Aykut Emre Bozdogan has considered global warming as a change, which is undyingly modifying the climate of Earth 1. Global warming is affecting and will continue to affect lives. The present scorching and burning weather us not merely the nature’s act, neither the progressively volatile and unpredictable weather that is causing havoc in several parts of the world around the globe. The human beings are the cause of global warming and as a result all the living beings are ...

Introduction and terminologies

A cloud is a mass of liquid drops or frozen crystals of water or any other chemicals in the atmosphere over the surface of the earth (merriam-webster.com, erh.noaa.gov). Clouds are mainly formed as a result of vertical movement of air due to convection, forced gain in height over highlands or large scale vertical ascent due to merging of hot and cold air masses in the mid-latitudes. Clouds form and important part the water cycle, because they are the source of rain and snow, which transport water from the atmosphere to the surface of the earth. This maintains the water cycle on ...

The Effects of Climate Change on Allergies and Asthma Cases

Since the discovery of global warming or climate change, scientists have been warning the public of the possible implications this phenomenon could bring. They highlight erratic and severe weather patterns, changing ecosystems and the persistence of diseases that cannot easily be treated. While skeptics remain ignorant over these warnings and governments trying to make amends over their national policies, statistics show that these warnings should be taken seriously especially with regards to respiratory diseases such as asthma and allergies. However, it is a question as to what impacts climate change has towards the prevalence on allergies and asthma cases ...

Natural Hazards: Droughts

Drought is a period recorded with less rainfall for a specific region compared to its past rainfall data, which might affect surface water flow, groundwater reserve, crop production and food availability. Impacts of a dry spell vary based on its duration as well as local people’s demand for food and water (National Drought Mitigation Center [NDMC], 2016). If the proportion of vulnerable population exposed to drought conditions were higher, then the impact of drought would also be high even if it lasted only for a short duration. In spite of being a natural hazard, the risk of its ...

Introduction

Water degradation is the contamination of water (inland water that’s not saline) with materials or substances that result in the water being unfit for human, plant or animal use. Pollution may occur from chemicals, fecal waste, pesticides, sediments, petroleum or heated substances. Water sources that have been polluted are unfit for fishing, swimming, and the water is unfit for human consumption. Water quality degradation is, as a result, diffuse contaminants at the source with the spatial as well as the temporal variability that’s associated with the sources (Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change, 2007). It is more difficult to ...

Abstract

Cars have always played an important role in the course of human development. In the past, man had a vision to introduce an invention to transport people along long distances. To turn the vision of a self-propelling automobile into reality, it took the development of a reliable combustion engine that operated on liquid fuel. In 1672, the first steam-powered vehicle as a toy for the Chinese emperor was built by Ferdinand Verbiest, a member of a Jesuit mission in China. As the automobile industry grew, so did the rate of environmental pollution. Car engines are considered to be the prime source of air pollution. The ...

Introduction

Past research results have indicated diverging views on the same issue. While some studies have found that school drop has no effect on crime and deviant behaviors, others have found out that school dropout has a close relationship with deviant behavior as well criminal activities. Other studies have indicated that students who drop out of school tend to shy away from crime and deviant behavior. Drapela (49) attributes these divergent views and findings to the fact that researchers do not have a common standard upon which they can divide their school drop outs into categories. Different school dropouts’ categorization criteria applied ...

Geography of West Virginia

Introduction
West Virginia is sometimes called the “Panhandle State” attributed to the fact that it is shaped like a large pan with two handles-one in the north and the other one in the east (Hoffman & Hart, 2008). West Virginia is located in the south-eastern portion of the United States, and it is ranked forty-first in size among the fifty states (Petreycik, 2007). The location of West Virginia has played an indispensible role in delineating events that affect the state such as the civil war, space exploration, American Revolution, underground rail road, Louisiana Purchase, Gold Rush and World War II ( ...

Abstract:

Weather related aircraft accidents have become a major safety concern in the world lately. Visual rules flight to the Instrument Meteorology Conditions has attracted world attention because of high rates of the fatalities which is associated with them. Safety research aviation professionals are trying to explain mechanisms and genesis of such accidents. According to macro statistics conducted by FAA, it is approximated that seventy percent of delays in the National Airspace System is caused by adverse weather conditions. According to iapa.com, weather plays a significant role in aviation accidents and incidents. The report conducted by National Transparency Safety Board (NTSB) shows ...

Abstract

The study of tiny particles and their applications have emerged as an important area of research in recent years. In particular, magnetic nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties that make the particles useful in numerous applications. Accordingly, the present review investigates the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. The introduction section examines recent advances in nanotechnology and explains the significance of magnetic nanoparticles in scientific research. The section on results and discussion presents the findings of various researchers with a focus on the magnetic properties, synthesis, characterization, and biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles. ...

Introduction

In spite of the contribution of urbanization to the economic growth in Zhejiang, its adverse effects far much outweigh the positives since sustainability of the ecosystem and the society is at stake. Environmental concerns, particularly air pollution, are real threats to the ecosystem since they lead to increased atmospheric temperatures which in turn result in climate changes. Urbanization contributes to pollution through higher energy consumption and motorization that have resulted in higher volumes of greenhouse gasses emitted in the air. The shrinking of natural resources is another consequence of urbanization where there is the rampant destruction of natural habitats, ...

Introduction

Much recent publicity surrounding climate change has focused mostly on global warming, but little direct correlation has been given in the media with regard to the impacts that environmental pollution has on climate change, and also on human health. Although studies of pollution and the environment have been carried out since the time of the Industrial Revolution, it only relatively recently that attempts to measure environmental on a global scale have been undertaken. Environmental pollution is a major cause of global concern, not only for the effects that it has on the physical environments, but also for its potential ...

Human life and survival are connected with the environment. With the changes in the environment, human surroundings appear to undergo an adjustment or modification to continue the life. More probably, some climatic changes tend to interfere with the human life from several corners. These could be lethal or life threatening. For example, climate change might modify the occasional examples and plenitude of irritations and illnesses; in turn, this may influence the use of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. Reactions will vary in the middle of harvests and between geological areas. There are studies that use of these pesticides within the ...

Global warming is a problem that is actively discussed nowadays. Very often new hypotheses appear about its impact on the Earth and human beings. At first, we need to classify the information available, to create a clear understanding of global warming effect on our planet.
Global warming is the increase in the medium annual temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, because of much variety of reasons (increasing the concentration of gases in the Earth's atmosphere, solar variability or volcanic activity, etc.) (Haugen 14). Sometimes we use definition "greenhouse effect", but there is some differences between this two concepts. Greenhouse ...

UN POSITION ON NUCLEAR WEAPONS

There are more than two dozen countries of the world that have nuclear power, however, only a few have nuclear weapons and few are suspected of making nuclear weapons. During the cold war era between US and USSR, nuclear arms race was the most alarming feature as both the super powers rapidly built up their stockpiles of nuclear weapons. Later when both realized, there would be devastation caused by nuclear weapons, they embarked upon a number of agreements for reduction in the number of nuclear weapons. Efforts were speeded up after disintegration of the USSR; however, the issues remained a major challenge ...

Going green simply means the idea of implementing various ways in our daily life that contribute to the protection of our surrounding and entails several aspects from newspaper recycling to living a lifestyle that is fully green. The green movement of the present day has been underway for many years, and it has become more popular because of the population growth effect whose evident result is global warming and increased scientific research ability. With the new equipment and technologies, scenarios that affect our surrounding can be measured and evaluated by research and our lives will be affected. Sometimes research reports ...

The application of the “Precautionary Principle” for the deployment of climate bioengineering initiative requires that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change through the Subsidiary Body for Climate Geoengineering (SBCE) to conduct regular and continuous monitoring initiatives of the perceived adverse and positive effects of the reengineering program. It will also require continuous collaboration and active participation among its different stakeholders.5
The precautionary principle states that if our organization performs an initiative that could pose potential harm to the public in sync with the absence of consensus in the scientific community, the burden of proof that the ...

Water Supplies in Sun Valley, AZ

Sun Valley is located in Arizona. It is situated along interstate 40. It is 31.56 square miles. Sun Valley has different water supply options. Some of these options are groundwater, surface water and reclaimed water. Groundwater is water found beneath the ground. They are usually in rocks and pores of the soil. Sun Valley is supplied by Arizona’s water supply. Groundwaters that supply Sun Valley are aquifers and wells. Main aquifers in Arizona are stream alluvial and basins fill. Ground water can also be sourced from sedimentary rock. Basin Fills are of three type’s namely carefree formation, ...

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8-October-2014

- Soil Nature
The nature of soil in 1000 Davis Ferry Road, Bowling Green, KY USA is further fully described in the first section of this paper. The typical soil in the farm is Baxter soil that is typical to this area of work. The surface layer of the farm soil upto about 8 inches on the surface is brown, gravely, silt loam soil. The further subsoil between 8 inches to about 15 inches is ...

Introduction. Global warming is the rise in temperature near the surface of the earth, caused mainly by the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global warming causes changes in weather patterns but it is only one aspect that is causing climate change. Over a long period of time, even decades will cause changes in precipitation, wind pattern and temperature. Greenhouse gases are like a blanket thrown over the earth, which traps it energy causing the earth to warm. Even though this is a natural process and is necessary to support all life on earth, too much greenhouse gases will result in ...

“The weather seems unusual these days here in Hong Kong, and there is a 3 degree increase in the temperature as compared to the temperature in the same period a few years ago. I can feel how hot this autumn wind is blowing on my face It is too hot for me to go outdoors; I rather stay at home with my air-conditioner. I wonder what would happen if one day the land is not covered with ice and snow anymore in Christmas. Can you imagine how terrible it is? Would it still be Christmas?” This is what I wrote about ...

Introduction

Water is a naturally occurring resource. Its importance cannot be emphasized any more than it already has over the past few years of the new millennia. This coupled with the changing climatic trends that result in the short-circuiting of the hydrological cycle, has brought water policies to the forefront of consideration of governments and international organizations. Like every other demographically limited resource, the availability of water is scarce and growing scarcer by the day. However, different regions have different priorities when regarding water resource management. This is brought about by the disparity in economic capacity that brings about the wide ...

Several researches have been conducted on the issue of global warning to detect its effects on both our environments, lives and animals. Most of those researches have actually supported the need to reduce the global warming by fighting against greenhouse gases. The main arguments are “is it really true that global warming result in shortage of crop production?” The scientific questions will be answered based on researches.
The arguments to evaluate is that those global warming has any effects on food production. It is very important to note that global food markets have increased in a volatile mode recently. ...

According to Shah, the industrialized countries of the world (US and China) are the greatest contributors of global warming in terms of emission of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. They contribute around 80% of total emissions while less industrialized countries (developing countries) contribute the remaining 20%. However, the effects of global warming are felt in all countries of the world regardless of the country’s percentage of emissions. One of these effects is temperature changes. Accumulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere interferes with the warming pattern of the earth surface. Due to global warming, ...