Essays on Prosecutor

Corporate criminal liability refers to the degree at which a corporate organization may become responsible the impact of their employee activities. The extent of liability may be categorized as a strict corporate liability or vicarious corporate liability. Strict corporate liability is a compulsory criminal responsibility when the actions of an employee result in injury, damage or death, even when the employee did not have criminal intentions. Ideally, corporates take strict liability to forbid the criminal activity from taking place (Lipman 359). For example, a corporate restaurant may be prosecuted for serving customers with expired foodstuffs. While the act of ...

Personal Statement

“Sasha, ihre fahrt ist hier.” At my teacher’s demand, I ran from my seat with such enthusiasm that I have never experienced before, and left behind everything I owned. I raced to the parent pick up line where my mother stood eagerly waiting to inform me of what she thought was good news. My parents were in military, so I spent most of my early life apart from them as they relocated every three years. This day was not only peculiar in that my mother came to pick me up, but it was the last Thursday I would ...

Youths are not generally tried in adult court for the crimes that they commit. This is because most of the crimes committed by youths are not serious enough to justify incarcerating them alongside adult offenders. Most youths are tried in juvenile court and are sentenced to serve time in juvenile detention facilities if convicted. However, this does not apply to youths who are convicted of more serious crimes, such as murder. The age at which a person can be tried in adult versus juvenile court differs between states. In forty-one states the maximum age of a juvenile before being ...

William Kunstler: Disturbing the Universe is a documentary that follows the life of a radical-leftist attorney. However, the captivating and incendiary film is also based on the tragic form of liberal guilt. The movie revolves around the numerous cases that Kunstler was involved with until his demise. The film depicts William Kunstler as the passionate defender of the American people’s civil rights, earning him the reputation through defending a majority of the controversial defendants during the 20th Century. In Kunstler’s profession, he defended the American Indian Movement, Chicago 8, the Attica Prison rioters, the Freedom Riders, and ...

Williams v Pennsylvania (2016) was brought to the Supreme Court by Williams who was found guilty of murder back in 1984 and sentenced to death because he claimed that the prosecution not only utilized false testimony but withheld evidence that could have led to his exoneration (Supreme Court, 2016). I found this particular case interesting due to its conclusion where the petitioner was ultimately denied his appeal even after his allegations were proven by the PCRA (Supreme Court, 2016) which just goes to show how even if the filer was in the right, the law still refused to rescue ...

I. The Prosecution’s Offer The first step in making a plea offer is looking into Mario’s criminal background and the specific facts of the particular case. For instance, if Mario had and extensive criminal record including multiple DUI arrests of convictions, then the pleas offer would probably not include much of a choice other than pleading guilty and accepting a sentence of 364 days in jail, completion of a treatment program, and 2-3 years of supervised probation; or 2-3 year in prison. However, assuming that Mario does not have an extensive criminal record or DUI history; a ...

Introduction

Watergate was a controversial scandal that rocked the USA in the 1970s, following a burglary attempt at the Democratic National Committee (DNC) headquarters located in Watergate Office Complex in Washington D.C. and the alleged involvement of the then US president Richard Nixon in the cover-up. The Watergate scandal marked a historic significance in the US politics as it showed how politicians abused their power to get what they desired. The Watergate scandal brought to the surface an array of secret and illegal activities conducted by the members of the Nixon administration. These activities involved the adoption of unethical means ...

Introduction

Trials for criminal cases is important to know the level of guilt or innocence of the accused person. It involves the enforcement of public codes of conduct as represented in the rule of laws as supported by the government’s prosecuting institutions or individuals. In general, the criminal case trials, there are efforts to bring criminal charges against the individual who allegedly committed a crime against another person or group of persons. However, the trial process itself is not as easy as it sounds. There are procedural steps that are normally being followed in a criminal trial, which will ...

Reaction to Cartoons

I see that Thurber’s cartoons are dry and it takes a certain sort of humor to immediately appreciate them. I think that after one reads them and studies them briefly, they can still be appreciated regardless of any humor, primarily because many of them are universal in their own way. Thurber, known for showing men who overstep their boundaries in one way or another, and women who are not going to put up with it, managed to clue into this vein with the American public time and time again. One panel shows an obviously drunk man who has ...

Calvin Stark tested positive for HIV in 1988 and received counseling on the infection which included a discussion of engaging in future safe sex, risks associated with the spread of the disease as well as the important of informing sexual partners of his infected status. Stark continued to engage in sexual practices in disregard of his counseling advice, as a result, a physician who had treated Stark issued an order for Stark to discontinue his practice. This order was issued according to a Washington State law which allows physicians to protect the health of others. Stark refused to cease ...

Calvin Stark tested positive for HIV in 1988 and received counseling on the infection which included a discussion of engaging in future safe sex, risks associated with the spread of the disease as well as the important of informing sexual partners of his infected status. Stark continued to engage in sexual practices in disregard of his counseling advice, as a result, a physician who had treated Stark issued an order for Stark to discontinue his practice. This order was issued according to a Washington State law which allows physicians to protect the health of others. Stark refused to cease ...

Steps in Criminal Jury Trial

Upon being charged with a crime, the defendant is provided with some documents including an appearance notice and promise to appear in court, summons, the information, etc. This states the charges, the offense, and then date, time and place of the opening court appearance (Walston-Dunham, 2011). In this instance, the case now proceeds to the trial phase. For a case to be complete, it has to follow through six main steps i.e. selecting a jury, opening statements, evidence presentation and cross-examination, the final remarks, jury instructions, and finally the jury verdict. Selecting the jury - The first step begins ...

U.S. Senator, Missouri

2011-Present

Personal Background Martial Status: Married to Abigail Blunt Education: B.A. History, Southwest Baptist University (1970) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt M.A. History, Missouri State University (1972) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Previous Experience: Clerk of Greene County, Missouri (1972-1984) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Missouri Secretary of State (1985-1992) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt President, Southwest Baptist University (1993-1996) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt U.S. House of Representatives (1996-2010) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt

Committee Assignments:

Appropriations Committee 2011- present https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Commerce. Science, and Transportation Committee 2011-2016 https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Rules and Administration Committee 2011- present (became chairman 2015) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Joint Committee on the Library 2015- present https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Joint Committee on Printing 2015-present (vice chairman) https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt Committee on Armed Services 2013-2014 https://ballotpedia.org/Roy_Blunt

Sponsored Legislation

2016 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/browse?sponsor=400034#bill_type[] ...

The main work of the prosecutorial system is impeaching and executing criminal penalties so as to ensure the rights of citizens in a nation are respected. It is therefore upon the prosecutor in any prosecutorial system to decide on which cases to be taken to court for adjudication and which ones should be solved out of court. However the amount freedom that prosecutor has differs from country to country. For instance the America law give the prosecutor almost unlimited diplomacy, whereas in most European nations they are considerably granted less liberal. The prosecutors are expected to independently assess factual ...

#1 Situation In this case, the defendant is willing to plead guilty as long as the court will grant him or her sentence of probation as the punishment. This move is commendable, but the defendant has to realize that there is a chance that he might not be convicted of any crime as there lacks enough evidence from the office of the district attorney, therefore walking free. At this point, it is important to realize that as much as the victims wish to see the burglar behind bars, it is probable that the final judgment of the court will ...

The Defense Counsel was called Chris Churchill

Nature of the Matter: Criminal Case What Happened: A Description The accused in this case had been charged with the offenses of possession of stolen property and stolen identity or identity theft. Spitney had been found in possession of a social insurance card that did not belong to him and a boat operations license which he was at pains to explain where he had got it. From the conversations I had with both the Prosecuting Counsel for the Crown and the Defense Counsel for the accused, the suspect admitted having committed these crimes and was thus sentenced by the ...

In the court systems, various felonies are penalized following the court's guidelines. There are a variety of particulars that go into a sentencing pronouncement. An individual who commits a financial fraud may go to jail for a longer period, compared to someone who commits murder, as is the case of Bernard Madoff, who went to jail for 150 years for committing financial crime and Karla Homolka was sentenced to 12 years in prison for murder. It is, however, clear that an extensive range of verdicts are not necessarily rational to the victims or the scam culprits. This paper looks ...

Israel has never been a liberal state. This country was built by true communists– so convinced that they emigrated from the socialist Soviet Union, and created even more socialist kibbutzim. The kibbutzim embodied communism ideals much better than Soviet collective farms: the property passed into the ownership of the community, people’s incomes were combined into a common pot, and children were often brought up by a commune more than by their own parents. There is no freedom of speech in Israel. It has a military censorship; however, the greatest obstacle to the freedom of expression is the Israeli ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

Abstract

Intoxication is being in a state of alcoholic or narcotic intoxication. The government is increasingly sensitive to the cases of operating a vehicle while intoxicated, explaining that the drunk driver is endangering both for their life, health and property, and other road users. However, as practice shows, the number of the detained drunk drivers increases dramatically around the holidays. If the circumstances of the crime are clear, and in a short time collected all the necessary evidence, the Prosecutor may apply to the court to hear the case under expedited proceedings. Basically, criminal cases associated with DUI are dealt ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

Critically Examine the Contribution made by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the Development of the International Law of Genocide. Critically Examine the Contribution Made by the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda to the Development of the International Law of Genocide. At the core of the international law of genocide is the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Genocide Convention). The Genocide Convention came about in 1948 through General Assembly Resolution 260. It came into force in 1951. One hundred forty states ratified the Convention. Its purpose was to deter future acts of ...

A jury is a group of randomly selected adults from the community to participate in the criminal justice process as jurors. The first step is to elect members to serve as jurors for a specified time. In the selection of the jurors, the jury commissioners use a list of designated people either by voter register or any other accepted criteria and ensures that the selected people reflect the diversity inherent in the community. All people over eighteen years have an equal chance to join the Jury services (“The answer book for jury service,” n.d.). For a felony, the jury ...

Initial Appearance, Arraignment, Preliminary Hearings, Grand Jury Review

Initial Appearance, Arraignment, Preliminary Hearings, Grand Jury Review After the arrest of an accused individual also referred to as the defendant for the allegations of having committed a crime, the individual is still a suspect at the time of arrest and for the person to be proven guilty or not then the person has to go through certain legal proceedings. Immediately the defendant is arrested by the police he or she has to be booked by the police. This involves taking details of the person’s fingerprints, photographs and finally put into a holding cell where the person remains ...

Introduction

This paper discusses the roles of specific players within the criminal justice system, namely judges, prosecutors and defense attorneys including how these roles sometimes intermingle with reference to given fact patterns.

The Role of the Prosecutor

Should Joe Justice want to get the deal done with Jim Lawbreaker, some of the options available for him including entering into a plea agreement or arrangement and studying the arresting or investigating police report to ascertain details of the crime and its magnitude. Yes, Joe Justice has enough evidence to take against Stick Martin to grand jury. According to Gaines and Miller (2012), a prosecutor has a ...

Mitigation of cyber attacks

Introduction The development of internet technology has both advantages and limitations on global development. The major drawback associated with advancement in internet technology is the cyber crime, which is globally on a rise (Weimann, 2006). Cyber terrorism poses serious threats to the security of both private companies and government institutions. Cyber attacks involve unauthorized access to critical information as well as the infrastructure of business organizations and public institutions (Weimann, 2006). The resultant effects of cyber attacks are numerous, and they make both private and public entities more vulnerable to collapse (Osipenko, 2004, p 46). Thus, these institutions adopt ...

Release on parole or a shortening of a prison sentence are both highly complex issues that need to be viewed from both a legal as well as humanitarian standpoint. While ‘imminent danger to society’ is an integral component in determining if parole should be granted to any convict, I believe that when the crime relates to sex offences, even more care and precaution is necessary. The option of early release should only come in question if and when there are very explicit mitigating circumstances, such as the criminal being afflicted by a mental disease that prompted the action, and ...

Insights into German’s History on the example of the movie “Dr. Mabuse: The Gambler”

In the 20th century, Germany was troubled, because long term warfare, which made the German citizen exhausted, crumbling social system and the high costs of war put enormous pressure on the people. In spite of the above-mentioned situation and the horrible consequences of the two World Wars, in which Germany was the main participant, at that time, German cinema was developing, German films dominated in the Central Europe, and the number of companies and filmmakers was increasing. The German government realized the importance of film in terms of publicity, so that it has set up a special agency under ...

Introduction

Social media has largely revolutionized the way people communicate today. Statistics show that an average Facebook user will share an average 90 pieces of content in a month, and over 600,000 materials are created by the users every minute. It is estimated that one million Twitter accounts are created every day and Instagram records over a billion likes of content posted on its site daily. The impact of social media has been too significant for law enforcement agencies to neglect its use. In 2014, a study consisting of 600 law enforcement agencies across 46 states conducted by the ...

Part 1: Prosecutor’s Duty to Report

Although the American criminal law is based on the adversarial system where the prosecutor, representing the state, and the defense, representing the accused, engage in openly confrontational activities in order to persuade a neutral decision-maker of the truth of their story; the Supreme Court has held that under some circumstance, and despite the adversarial nature of the relationship, the prosecution must assist the defense in the preparation of their case. The underlying reason for this counter-intuitive element of the adversarial system, is the traditional belief that the substantial power of the state, as expressed through its law enforcement and ...

Abstract

A plea bargain has defined the court proceedings in the recent history of the criminal justice system. As such, prosecutors and judges have adapted to the policy to carry on activities while practicing copping plea arrangements so as to reduce the number of pending cases and the pile that characterizes most of the district magistrates’ courts. On one side, the idea of a plea bargain has greatly enhanced the efficiency of the legal systems. This is because it has reduced the time for prosecutors to work on various trials as well as reducing the instances of overcrowding in jails ( ...

Introduction

The cases below were presented in the court of law and their decisions were a foundation on which other similar cases could be based on. Law in its course is a very tough discipline more so for the individuals who have not trained well in that field. All the cases presented below addressed different types of crimes. Judges give verdict on cases by interpreting the law basing on judgements of previous cases similar to the one at hand. Two of the cases below address disorderly conduct, one entails threat communication and the other addresses the act of escaping from ...

Ethics

The criminal justice system has been facing numerous problems concerning moral choice; for example, involvement in petition bargaining, the resolution to take legal action, the application of fatal forces, the burden of chastisement, as well as the representation of the charged. It is, therefore, vital for all experts in the criminal justice system to be conscious and receptive to moral problems confronted in the course of their task. The term morality, in the field of criminal justice, can be defined as the principles of aptness and decency by which human behaviors are judged (Gunning, 2007). Literature review has it ...

INTRODUCTION

Ethical violations occur in every business field, and the criminal justice system in no different. News reports are not scant concerning individuals in law enforcement, corrections and the courts who have violated ethical codes. Ethical codes exist in the criminal justice field to not only protect the official, but also to protect the public. When an individual in the field of criminal justice violates an ethical code, typically, many people are affected, and it does not matter if the violation was intentional or unintentional, or real or simply alleged.

FACTS

Judge John P. Contini, a judge in Broward County Florida, ...

Introduction

Social media has largely revolutionized the way people communicate today. Statistics show that an average Facebook user will share an average 90 pieces of content in a month, and over 600,000 materials are created by the users every minute. It is estimated that one million Twitter accounts are created every day and Instagram records over a billion likes of content posted on its site daily. The impact of social media has been too signficant for law enforcement agencies to neglect its use. In 2014, a study consisting of 600 law enforcement agencies across 46 states conducted by the ...

Racial profiling is still rife in the great United States of America despite decades of campaigns to eradicate profiling of individuals based on their skin color, their religion, and place of origin. Cases of racial profiling have been reported in airports, bus and train terminus among other places in the United States (Onwudiwe 6). Schools are not left behind in reporting the numbers of racial profiling incidences. One of the most prominent cases of school racial profiling is the story of Ahmed Mohammed, a story that caused a storm in the United States and around the globe. In its ...

Pre-trial process denotes the actions, conferences, and motions that take place afore the real court trial. They mostly take place between the prosecutors and the attorneys and can either be with/without the process of a judge or jury. Against the apprehension of many people, most cases are disposed at this stage explaining why there are plea bargaining in most cases. Conferring to Scheb & Scheb, (2011), the pre-trial process adheres to a well-laid structure, they have numerous variations depending on the sternness of the misconduct committed by the offender. The pre-trial process takes place for various reasons. For instance, they ...

Re: Disciplinary Matters

Duty of Disclosure The criminal procedure revolution commenced in the 1960s. During this era, the rights of criminal defendants were afforded greater substantive and procedural protections. A string of Supreme Court cases established affirmative duties of government officials, particularly prosecutors, to disclose information to the defense. Beginning in Brady v. Maryland, the Prosecutor was held to have a duty to the defense to disclose material information that may have serve to negate a defendant’s guilt (Brady v. Maryland, 1963). The underlying implication of Brady is that it requires prosecutors to inform defendants if government officials lied in previous ...

Re: Prosecutorial Disclosure of Evidence to Defense Counsel

Beginning in the 1960s, the Supreme Court heard a number of cases that transformed the world of criminal procedure. The common theme running through all of these cases is that the Court began to focus on balancing the defendant’s rights against that of the government in a criminal proceeding. One of the areas that were specifically addressed was whether the Constitution required the Prosecutor to disclose evidence that tends to be advantageous to the defense. While the Prosecutor and the defense are adversaries in a criminal court of law, the Supreme Court maintains that under some circumstances, the ...

Facts: In 2008, J.P. Weichel was angry with his ex-girlfriend. In response to a conflict they had over visitation with a daughter they shared, Weichel complained anonymously online. Some of the comments that he made about his ex-girlfriend were crude and obscene; while other comments suggested that she was an unfit mother with a questionable sex life. Ultimately, the girlfriend informed the police who eventually traced the comments back to Weichel. Once it was revealed that Weichel was the poster of the comments, rather than the ex-girlfriend filing a civil charge of defamation, the local district attorney filed a ...

Snyder v. Louisiana (2008) The Supreme Court case Snyder v. Louisiana concerned the level of scrutiny to apply to the prosecutor’s given reason for using peremptory strikes to strike certain members from the prospective jury pool. The petitioner bringing the challenge, a black male, was charged with first-degree murder in the state of Louisiana (Snyder v. Louisiana 474). The voir dire process of jury selection began by initially screening out jurors who did not qualify to serve or those that were unable to serve due to extreme hardship (Snyder v. Louisiana 475). In the next phase of jury ...

Introduction

There are general rules of classifying criminal laws in order to determine specific codes and their respective penalties. The language used to present the codes is the actual element depicting prohibited actions within a penal or federal code. This essay exemplifies how the crimes are differentiated in the governance of the USA. In a bid to perform this task, 3 crimes are used to create distinctions of felonies and misdemeanors, state and federal crimes, as well as civil and criminal violations.

Crimes Selected

The 2 selected penal codes are kidnapping and robbery within the state of California. Kidnapping and robbery have ...

Describe and distinguish among the three approaches to studying criminal justice systems by taking an international perspective.

Answer. There are three approaches to studying criminal justice by international perspective and they are as follows (Reichel, 2008): Historical approach – Works on the reference based knowledge developed from of earlier errors and instances of success which provide experience for present and future scenarios. Political approach- Works on the basis of impact of national values in shaping the current process of judicial system and takes input from political impact on legal traditions. Descriptive approach – Works on the basis of how a nation’s judicial system should work and what components need to be included to make judicial system ...

Re: Main Issues Involved in Key United States Supreme Court Cases

Since 1963, the United States Supreme Court has taken an expansive view of Due Process as it applies to criminal defendants. A number of important Supreme Court decisions have addressed the scope of a Prosecutor’s constitutional duties in light of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although the Prosecutor stands in an adversarial position to the criminal defendant, the Prosecutor is sometimes required to disclose various forms of evidence that may be favorable to the defendant. These cases touch upon the delicate balance between a vigorous Prosecution and the defendant’s right to a fair trial ...

Negligence is defined as “a failure to behave with the level of care that someone of ordinary prudence would have exercised under the same circumstances” (Negligence). In order to state that negligence has occurred against an individual, five acts must have occurred. To begin, it must be proven that there was a duty or standard to care for an individual by a health care provider (Boone). The individual that was harmed should have been a patient under the direct care of the defendant. Secondly, the health care provider is said to have breached his duty, meaning he or she ...

On (date) at (time) I, visited Clara ShortRidge Foltz Criminal Justice Center to observe a court trail.

When I got there I approached the reception desk and inquired from a Deputy on if, and which court room I could go to observe a court trial for class exercises. All the Deputies at the desk unanimously advised him to send me to the Grimm Reaper case on the 9th Floor. I got excited because I thought it must be a good case for them to send me there. Unfortunately when I walked in to the court room it was completely full with no room to sit or stand. I had no choice but to leave and look ...

The prosecutor is acting professional and wants the jury to conduct the proceeding without being swayed by information that does not favor the defendant. However, this is wrong because the offended party need such information to make their case stronger. The first step is reporting the matter to the jury himself before mentioning it to the other party. This is a case of neglecting Meghan’s Law which is federal law in the United States. Meghan’s law requires the law enforcement authority to make information about sex offenders available to the public (Evans, 2007). Registered sex offenders information ...

Prosecutors need to communicate with the citizens regarding criminal activities. Prosecutors use social media to fulfill their responsibilities. The use of social websites attracts users to acknowledge about the case and provide their views and opinions on the case. Prosecutors prefer to use social media to provide a brief overview of the case to the general public. Social websites can put a positive or negative impact on the role of a prosecutor who has to coordinate with the citizens of his jurisdiction. Social media can help in spreading the message quickly and shortly. Prosecutors need to convey a short ...

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Victims and Crime Evaluation

Introduction

The criminal justice system is used as a guide to maintain law and justice in the world. The criminal justice system ensures that all the branches of the government are used to maintain law and order by controlling and deterring crime, upholding social control, and sanctioning the people who have violated the law with criminal punishments/penalties, and rehabilitation efforts. The criminal justice system comprises of three primary elements that are, the courts, the legislative, and corrections (Siegel & Senna, 2005). In the central bodies of the criminal justice system, each one of them has individuals that ...

During Watergate Scandal

<<Author>> <<Date>> During Watergate Scandal Step1. The two editorial articles about President Nixon and the Watergate scandal are really contradictory. The Washington Post article is a more scathing account and revelation of the corruption that occurred during the scandal. It is highly critical of the Presidency and almost implicates Nixon in the scandal and doubts his actions to build credibility in his government (Washington Post, 1973). The article doubts the intentions of the President and is accusative, in terms of the way the President seeks to turn over the investigation to the courts, ...

United States Constitution is the fundamental law of the United States having the highest legal force. The American Constitution was adopted in September 17, 1787 at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia and subsequently ratified by all then existing thirteen American states. It is considered the world's first constitution in the modern sense. It consists of seven articles, for the duration of the Constitution there have been adopted twenty-seven amendments, which are its integral part. The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendments are considered as important amendments for people, as they protect them from different kinds of discrimination. The Fourth Amendment ...

Perhaps the biggest and most important ethical conflict that the assistant district attorney (ADA) will experience is whether he will be able to continue his job or even remain a lawyer after serving his time. Under American Bar Association’s (ABA) Standards for Criminal Justice; a district attorney is an officer of the court who has the duty to seek and administer justice, avoid conflicts of interest, and respond to misconduct within their place of work when they encounter it (ABA, 1992). Consequently, from the point of view of the district attorney’s office, it is questionable that an ...

Capital punishment has always been a controversial issue. In 1791, before the French Revolution. Maximillian Robespierre delivered a speech arguing against the death penalty. A few years later he led the Reign of Terror, and organized mass executions, which exemplifies the way capital punishment is often politicized and used for specific agendas, rather than as a form of rational punishment. Today, in the U.S., recent technological advancements, including DNA testing, has exonerated inmates on death row. There is a racial and socioeconomic element to the debate, because more inmates on Death Row are poor minorities. Some highly publicized cases ...

In a article dated April 5, 2012, listed in the Orlando Sentinel, the special prosecutor of the investigation had to show probable cause to arrest a suspect in a shooting incident. The person in question as to who killed the unarmed teenager was a volunteer for the neighborhood watch in his community. The neighborhood watch volunteer reported to police, “he felt threatened for his life when he saw the young man walking close to him with a hooded shirt.” In this article, the prosecution had to prove probable cause that the suspect did shoot the young man, before being able to make an ...

Question Two

There exists a close relationship between the police and the prosecutor that is usually mandated by the law. The prosecutors and the police usually interact during the criminal investigations. Specifically, the prosecutors can request the police to carry out certain criminal investigations by pursuing a given approach of inquiry. Prosecutors and police officers can therefore consult each other in the ongoing cases. In most instances, the consultation arrangement is usually informal and in most jurisdictions consultations between the police and prosecutors do not exist. Generally, the police carry out investigations regarding various criminal incidences in almost total independence. Once the police ...

The prosecutors and police have the common interest cut down crime, arrest criminals and offer fast, sure and particular punishment. Therefore, prosecutors and police are expected to have open communication to facilitate their functions. The two organizations have different responsibilities, but exhibit conflicting views over certain case dispositions. However, their conflicts are considered as evidence for the effective functioning of checks and balances mechanism of the criminal justice system. Therefore, the police should accommodate such checks from prosecutors while prosecutors are expected to provide supervisory functions together with vivid and reasonable explanations. The police are held responsible for their ...

Juvenile crime in the United States of America is as old as the nation itself. However, over the years there has been deliberate reform within the criminal justice system effectively affecting juveniles. Delinquency refers to the crimes committed by juveniles. A juvenile ideally refers to a person between the ages of twelve and seventeen. In that breadth, juveniles are just developing out of childhood and about to graduate into adulthood. At this stage, the law recognizes that the person may not appreciate the law as it is and may not necessarily be capable of harboring a mental intention to commit crime. ...

Have you ever asked yourself what chapter or topics in psychology you will remember forever after your undergraduate degree! If not, I advice you to take my choice. Chapter 1 on the topic “The Six Scientific Thinking Principles,” the six scientific thinking principles are correlation vs. causation, falsifiability, Replicability, extraordinary claims, ruling out rival hypotheses and Occam’s razor. I think these principles can be applied in many different situations in life because it goes beyond psychology.

Correlation verses Causation, this is an error of ignorance or assuming that because something is associated with another, then it automatically ...

The United States of America has three cardinal branches of the criminal justice system. These include law enforcement agencies like the police, the courts system and the correctional system. Given that it is a democratic country, the United States’ criminal justice system is founded on the tenets of the rule of law. Therefore, all these three critical organs of the government must carry out their constitutional and statutory mandate within the confines of federal and state laws. Indeed, the criminal justice system is configured in a way that it enables both levels of government to function in an efficacious ...

Introduction

Miscarriage of justice is defined as the wrongful convictions of people due to the control of the police department and the prosecution during the investigation or pre trial when the individual could be proven innocent. This kind of injustice has been experienced throughout the world a good example is Australia in cases such as the Andrew mallard conviction, Lindy chamberlain Creighton conviction in 1982, Farah Jama conviction in 2008 and Terry Irving conviction in 1993. There are many factors that contribute to wrongful convictions in areas such as Australia. These factors are false confessions, eyewitness identification and testimony, tunnel vision, ...