Africa Literature Reviews Samples For Students

A Comparison of Warren’s “A Thought on the Inestimable Blessing of Reason” and Wheatley’s “On Being Brought from Africa to America”
The two poems, “A Thought on the Inestimable Blessing of Reason” by Mercy Otis Warren, and “On Being Brought from Africa to America” by Phyllis Wheatley, are rich in meaning. The poems can be interpreted from a variety of points of view, including political, social, and religious. When the poems are analyzed from a religious point of view, the concept of faith need be discussed. In fact, the two poems, when taken together, contribute quite significantly to ...

Literature review

Measures of preventing malaria in the sub-Saharan region are important perspective as well as an initiative that should be embraced. Owing to the fact that in the sub-Sahara region in Africa has a lot of mosquitoes, and then the possibility to prevent malaria from spreading is an honorable thing. Basing an argument on the global perspective, there is an enormous problem with reference to health as a result of infections with malaria (Okumu, 2011). Taking into consideration the fact that women who are pregnant are prone to getting malaria faster, the use of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) is proposed. It is ...

LITERATURE REVIEW: THE WONGA COUP BY ADAM ROBERTS

Literature Review
Africa, throughout the 20th century, has become a byword for massive poverty, corruption and greed. It is an understatement to say that Africa is a place rife with hunger, given that its rich resources have become central to the interests of various exploitative factors throughout its history. European nations, in particular, have scourged Africa for its material richness, much to the expense of the lives of the people living there. Adam Roberts covers that reality in his book The Wonga Coup, which details a seemingly contemporary repeat of the European exploitation of Africa through the attempts of a mercenary group ...

- No. Nyagar did not deserve her death. Although greed was, and still remains, a vice in Africa particularly a very great offence in the Luo community, he was not supposed to be killed by the mob. Although he was supposed to be eliminated not to disturb the community in future, he was not supposed to be brutally murdered. Instead, I suggest the matter would have been taken before to be given a fair trial. This is why the white officers complained and threatened to take a legal action against the perpetrators.

India

- The ending of this story is comical. It is surprising ...

The Heart of Darkness reflects the paradoxes of imperialism in the late 19th century.

Imperialism is the act of developing a country in infrastructures and basic growth by the superior countries in order to exploit the minor countries. In Africa, during colonization the superior countries developed African countries in growth and improved literacy level while reaping the benefits from the native countries.
In the Heart of Darkness, the author demonstrates imperialism to be costly and ridiculous in conquests of Africa. It is contrary to the expectation of the Africa since the profit was not proportional to the Africans. The end did not justify the means but there was a team that misquoted saying that ...

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the many general similarities between Alice Walker’s "The Welcome Table" and Nadine Gordimer’s "Country Lovers", and the ways in which racism is presented by both writers. Both stories condemn the hypocrisy and attack the injustices of racist societies. Both stories have a symbolic element which is examined and discussed and the fact that both stories are set in very different societies and, therefore, have very different contexts and settings is always at the heart of the paper’s argument. Each story is also discussed and explored separately in order to focus on its individual qualities. ...

Introduction

Healthcare involves the collaboration of various medical organizations, institutions, and providers, all of whom manage their own data under different storage and retrieval systems, and though practical and efficient within the target system, there is a lack of uniformity in structure across other systems (Masud et al. 2012). Moreover, there are often variations in data compiled from the same resources. This lack of synergy between the various data storage systems, and the types of information stored, preclude the sharing of data among the various healthcare professionals, institutions, and organizations. E-health systems, on the other hand, allow the storage and retrieval ...

Discussion

My primary reaction to this story was that it is a timeless narrative. While the specific context of the colonial era and the technology of travel by steamship certainly places this within a tight time frame, the themes at work will never grow old. The notion that unlimited and unchecked power leads to unimaginable corruption is as old as King Herod and as recent as the era of apartheid in South Africa. The idea that, ultimately, people will do evil, if left to their own devices, is as old as Cain and Abel and as new as the young man who ...

Thesis Statement: the paper intends to analyze two literary works “story of the prince and lions” and “Mwindo”. The paper will further discuss important themes covered in both stories.

Introduction:

Mwindo is a verbal story by Nyanga inhabitants of Central Africa. Mwindo is projected as a superhero, blessed with magical and supernatural powers. The story is full of adventures and magical acts of Mwindo. Shemwindo was father of Mwindo, who instructed all his seven wives not to deliver any male child otherwise he will kill the male child. Shemindo after birth of Mwindo, made two attempts to kill him but failed. Mwindo ...

What is it that Mwindo wants? How does Mwindo go about getting it and how are others affected by the results?

Mwindo is the son of the king Shemwindo and Nyamwindo, who was the king’s seventh wife. At the time of his birth, the king, Shemwindo had already given a decree that he did not want a son instead he wanted girls. Therefore when the king learnt of his birth, the king wanted to kill him immediately. Funnily enough, the king was not aware that Mwindo was born with some supernatural powers. Therefore when he tried to kill him all ...

The theory of human evolution says that the humanity evolved from primates, or ape, as their ancestors. According to scientific research, all mammals evolved from protomorphic reptiles in the Triassic Period, about 200 - 245 million years ago. When the dinosaurs had undergone extinction during the terminal Cretaceous, the mammals remained as the surviving groups, adapted accordingly in the Tertiary Period. The majority of mammals evolved in this very period, including the Primates, relative to humans.
There are two hypotheses, concerning the origins and evolution of today’s humans, Homo sapiens, both based on the assumption that our ...

The following literature review evaluates scholarly research on the challenges of entrepreneurship, project management and sustainable development in Africa. Based on the discussion meaningful implications and suggestions are mentioned towards the end. Africa is a land of magnificent natural sceneries and resources but even in the 21st century it is still considered the Dark Continent, bearing metaphorical meaning. It is the least developed continent in the world. Despite major efforts in improving the lives of Africans there are many challenges that face the continent.

Sustainable Development in Africa

Africa has immense natural resources and precious minerals. For decades the practice of finding energy ...

Business Process Management

Abstract
The literature review on the topic of enterprise resource planning (ERP) of business process management (BPM) as part of information systems (IS) strategies in South African businesses covers both scholarly and professional management discussions about outsource administration of IT systems operations. The rise of outsource IT in the business sector is predicted to realign business and trade into the future. The trend in emergent market outsource IS data management in and by South African firms is fast becoming a lead topic in a nation formerly characterised as an industrial economy with developing country challenges.
The enactment of South ...

The Cultural Effects on Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa

Development can easily be defined as a gradual, warm and considerate process that attempts to alleviate man’s technological and economic standards or conditions without disrespecting or disregarding his social, political and cultural values (Edigin, 2010). Consequently, it is impossible to divorce development from a people’s culture. For any development to be successful, it must have its roots in the culture of people (Nzongola-Ntalaja, 1996). The cultural patterns of any given community will determine whether change will be welcomed or rejected by that community. If a culture is supported and protected, there are usually a number of valuable ...

Literature Review

This section review literature on the responsibility of Western Powers on Civil Wars as well as Rebellion within Eastern and Central Africa. From the reviewed materials, it is evident that the style of Western administration on the African continent left African countries unprepared economically as well as politically for independence. For that reason, it undermined the state of security within most countries from their start of self-governance.
The influence of Europe within Africa has contributed significantly in establishing conditions within many countries for rebellion and civil conflict to take place. The Western powers treat African states as strategic economic ...

Introduction According to Taylor (2006), a ship leaving Shanghai today will arrive in Lobito, one of the largest Angolan ports, after exactly six weeks. One then wonders, why the tight financial and commercial links between Angola and China? Despite the geographical distance between the two nations, their financial win-win relationship has been remarkably stable for over a decade now. The essence of the relationship is the crude oil in Angola. Currently Angola is the biggest competitor taking on Nigeria in the oil business in Africa. According to Naidu and Marks (2010), intelligence reports relating to the year 2009 indicated that unrefined ...

The first step in prioritizing healthcare resources is to estimate the burden of disease. High-income countries have reliable systems to assess the causes of death in the population; however, mid- and low-income countries do not have such systems in place, and mortality rates from a specific disease have to be extrapolated from incomplete data. Several studies have approached the problem of estimating the burden of disease by using a variety of methods to determine which diseases are responsible for the most deaths, which countries are carrying the highest burden of disease and death, and which populations are at the highest risk ...

ENGL 2650-201

Marcus Garvey
First of all, Marcus Garvey convinced his followers the primary need of black people was the formation of their own nation. He called it “Back to Africa” movement. Garvey encouraged the descendants of black slaves to return to their historic motherland (Sewell, “The architect of a world of free minds”). The starting point of Garvey`s reflections was the conviction in the futility of attempts to integrate black people into white society. The black diaspora did not have any possibility to fully participate in the social and political life of the West. Such a situation was generated ...

Joseph Conrad and William Faulkner are two of the most prominent writers of the modern literary era. In fact in an event held in the year 1957 at the Virginia University, Faulkner openly stated that his works were influenced by Conrad’s writing style. Faulkner have rated ‘ A Heart of Darkness’ as one of his favorite books, and reportedly when he travelled through Kent he remarked to his mother about the serenity of the place, and commented that ‘ no wonder Conrad writes such fine books from here’. Such was the admiration he carried for Conrad. Both of them wrote ...

Introduction

Domestic violence against women for the past decades has been rated as the one of the major social, justice and relationship problem. The most crucial factor in this case is the realization of feminism. In the past years intimate abuse was seen as a relationship problem, the current public engagement concerning the realities of abuse has led to domestic violence being taken seriously than before. So many organizations have come up with support programs for the victims, shelter, laws, studies, treatment programs and innovation of professional ways of handling the victims and the offenders. New approaches continue to be introduced ...

Introduction

Teenage pregnancy refers to the pregnancy in human females that are aged twenty years and below. Pregnancy in girls is caused by sexual intercourse after the girl has become viable, that can ovulate, which can even be before her first menstrual period but most cases occurs after the onset of her periods. This issue has many menaces alongside it, following the fact that most of the girls in this age bracket have not developed thus experience many obstetric issues. Moreover, many risks are associated with teenage pregnancy some of which include: premature labour, low birth weight, anaemia, and pre-eclampsia, ...

Introduction

Zika virus also termed as ZIKV is a known to have gained worldwide attention, especially in the USA, South East Asia, and Australia. The Zika belongs to the Flaviviridae family which comes under the genus Flavivirus (Wikan & Smith. 2016). The Zika virus is spread though day time mosquitoes belonging to the Aedes family. Some of the most common mosquitoes to contain and spread Zika include A. aegypti and A. albopictus. The name of Zika originated in 1947 where it was first isolated from the Zika forest in Uganda. Based on evidence, the Zika virus was associated with varying viral ...

Introduction

We Are The Poor is a wonderful book written by Ashwin Desai describing lives of South Africans after election of the first democratically elected president Nelson Mandela. The South Africans expected that the end of Apartheid would end their problems, unfornately this did not happen. The normal conditions of the people living in the slums of Soweto remained the same. Communities began to racism the government citing racial discrimination, unemployment, poor allocation of resources, neglect of the natives, poor housing, lack of water, neoliberalism among other burning issues.
Communities especially those living in the slums of Soweto argued that ...

Religions have been a part of every nation’s history and tradition since the start of civilizations. They have played key roles in creating tradition and belief, even influencing the creation of suitable government and laws for people to follow. These religions try to satisfy the question of the existence of life, the idea of what is God and the concept of spirituality and human responsibility. While some of them have considered that there is only one God or a Supreme Being that watches the existence of man and the presence of life and death, they still differ in understanding the ...

Overcrowding or overpopulation in prisons is defined as a situation when prison(s) hosts more prisoners contrary to the certified normal accommodation (CNA) as stipulated in the establishment’s requirements (Garcia & Marco, 2012, p. 37). This can be validated when there is the scarcity of rooms for inmates to sleep. Besides, the inability of facilities to offer adequate meals or food, poor health care services for inmates, insufficient staff who can care for inmates and ensure their safety as well as the lack of designated accommodation facilities necessary for detaining separately various types of prisoners, more so those that ...

Dear _____________

I have just finished reading a short story called The Lottery. At first, I assumed the story was the one written by the famous American writer known as Shirley Jackson. However, it was an entirely different story but one that ends in death just the same. While the story was well written, I did not like it so much. The content of the story made me feel helpless like the child who is narrating the story. Reading about the lynch mob and knowing the result of such crowds means someone will die without every getting a proper court trial. ...

Introduction

Dead Men’s Path by Chinua Achebe is a story of a young and modern headmaster, Michael Obi who has been recently promoted as the headmaster of a small village school in Africa. He has excelled in the education in colonialism and is hence entrusted to rescue a backward school. The story deals with culture clash that is vividly represented in the contrast thought process of the main protagonist, Obi and the villagers. The story is set in the year 1949 in Nigeria and depicts the clash between traditional values and rituals and world views. This is especially true as Nigeria was a British ...

The complete failure of the Arab nations to form a national narrative for the purpose of unification and the establishment of contemporary egalitarian polities happens to be the primary cause behind the ongoing socio-political explosion in the Arab world in recent times. Unity is no longer the major goal and the construction of a society that is capable of mobilizing its resources to combat backwardness and enhance the financial condition of the state has taken a backseat. The elite class has instead tried to enforce a brand of unity via Islam and Arab nationalism that has alienated portions of the population not present ...

Westendorp, Ingrid. Violence in the domestic sphere. Oxford: Maastricht Center For Human Rights, 2005. Print
Ingrid Westendorp is a law expert of the English bar. She has a PHD in European Law. Most importantly, she has actively participated in the agitation of women rights around the world including Africa and Asia.

Summary

The author of the book, Violence in the domestic sphere, by Ingrid Westendorp has spent a lot time conducting research in the African continent regarding the practice of female genital mutilation. It is evident in his book that he has come to agree that female genital mutilation is part and ...

Westendorp, Ingrid. Violence in the domestic sphere. Oxford: Maastricht Center For Human Rights, 2005. Print

Ingrid Westendorp is a law expert of the English bar. She has a PHD in European Law. Most importantly, she has actively participated in the agitation of women rights around the world including Africa and Asia.

The author of the book, Violence in the domestic sphere, by Ingrid Westendorp has spent a lot time conducting research in the African continent regarding the practice of female genital mutilation. It is evident in his book that he has come to agree that female genital mutilation is part and parcel ...

Microfiltration ceramic and polymeric membrane filters have been used for the last century in the treatment of safe drinking water. Customers everywhere have been comparing which between the two types is cost friendly regarding capital, maintenance and operation cost in general. Research has as well been done to find washing and chemical cleaning efficiencies for the two membranes. For instance, ceramic microfiltration filters cost between US$32.56 to US$69.56 depending on the size, color, and manufacturer. Polymeric membrane filters cost about US$ 8.99 to US$ 15.45 in Amazon online shops. This shows that initial cost for polymeric filters ...

The struggle for political power now - it is not a struggle of the party organizations or competition programs of their actions. It is a struggle of images, political images that create the rating, and image-makers, the press secretaries and the "stars" of show business, recruited at a time of political campaigns. The real personality and activity policies are needed only as an "information events", that is, serve as a kind of alibi for those who form the image. Replacing the actual political positions and actions, they ensure the success of the candidates, whose image, not a program or action, visualize and embody the ...

Abstract

This proposal presents a plan for the study of how inter-ethnic conflicts develop in newly decolonized countries around the world. The preliminary literature review shows that these states have volatile constitutions and the poor or non-existent separation of powers causes the country to marginalize its minority ethnic groups. This leads to failed policies on integration and the homogeneity of the military. The poor and unresponsive intervention of the Executive arm of government in a bad situation causes minorities to pick up arms and seek their right.
This paper proposes that the findings of the preliminary literature review be tested on ...

Abstract

Three types of examples from the genres of world literature are integral to the strength of investigating the works of different periods and cultures. Different eras represented sweeping views of war, the sacred, the secular, and expressions of stories that culminated in philosophical lessons or important pieces in historical sagas. This essay develops a critique based upon the prompt which looks at the literary works of: (a) Homer’s “The Iliad”, (b) Dante Alighieri’s “The Divine Comedy – Inferno”, and (c) Elphinstone Dayrell’s “Nigerian Folk Stories”. The richly contrasting nuances of the literary comparisons provide a marvelous rubric and background from which ...

English

Sennott, Charles . "Inside The Egyptian Military’s Brutal Hold on Power." PBS. PBS, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 20 Oct. 2014. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/revolution-in-cairo-foreign-affairs-defense/inside-the-egyptian-militarys-brutal-hold-on-power/>.
This is an online article from the PBS website. The article goes in-depth to talk about how the military in Egypt control about 30% of the country’s economy. The military in Egypt holds executive power. According to other retired military staff and most analysts, the military is not going to give up its executive power easily because the country continues to grow stronger economically. Egypt’s military control 30% of the country’s $180 billion ...

Natural selection is a premise advanced by Charles Darwin to explain the evolution of the human race. Darwin argued that evolution was based on a survival for the fittest strategy, and so some features of early humans evolved to ensure they dominated their ecosystems. This premise is applicable in analyzing the evolution of racism among the American society. Howard Zinn recognizes that whereas early African-Americans in the United States were treated as servants and not slaves, they were never regarded as equals to the Americans. Borrowing from Darwin’s arguments, it is evident that the natives considered the introduction of another ...

Literature Review

It is found that oil prices have undergone critical decline over past couple of years for several reasons at the bottom of this decline. However, reducing demand triggered by increased production of oil in USA, over production by OPEC, and shift towards renewable sources of energy is considered the most fundamental reason behind current downtrend of oil prices. It conforms to the simple theory of demand and supply according to which demand and price are in positive, while price and supply are in negative relationship with each other (Stafford, 2015; Scott, 2015; Goldenberg, 2016; Arnold, 2008; Hensher, Rose, & Greene, ...

Literature Review

LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Literature review involves a review of the secondary research literature to strengthen the theoretical concepts related to research and the insights provided by past researchers in the area. This section provides a detailed view of existing research literature on the topics related to the perceptions of employees on informal training practices and its possible impact on the job satisfaction. The literature review chapter develops the assessment of the information and research-based literature that was developed in the past that will guide the development of the research literature in the future. The section also provides a reference to ...

United States of America has implemented a global health initiative policy. The president introduced the global health initiative in the year 2009. This policy aims at strengthening, streamlining and increasing efficiency of the United States global health that already exist. Global health aims at improving programs that touch family planning, child health, HIV/AIDS, maternal and tropical diseases. Global health initiative policy provides a framework that allows the existing health care programs to increase their effectiveness and efficiency. The programs aim at the programs that do not require funding. The global health policy aims at improving the lives of people and increasing ...

English

A rose for Emily is the story of a young woman called Emily. She lives with her father and he plays a very big part in her life. For example she will not get married to her man unless her father approves. When he dies she gets engaged to a man that society considers a lesser man. She later murders him under mysterious circumstances. Sweat is the story of a woman called Dalia. She is married to a man called Sykes. He is very abusive and beats Dalia up. She gets fed up and plans to leave him. He plots to kill her before she ...

Summary and critical review of ‘To His Excellency General Washington’

Introduction
I do not think Phillis Wheatley should have written a letter to George Washington praising him for fighting for America’s freedom. I believe she should have addressed the fact the she was brought to America from Africa as a slave. She should have written about the freedom for the African’s that were enslaved for hundreds of years, instead of worrying about George Washington’s fight for America’s freedom. In the following analysis of the letter of introduction, and the subsequent poem, Phillis Wheatley comes across as a poet who was out of touch with her roots and ...

This literature begins with the word “I” to represent the narrator, who claims to be an eyewitness to the history of a fascinating hero. The narrator additionally claims that she was given whatever she did not personally observe as firsthand information of the people who were there. This novel was written by Aphra Behn in 1688 and she based it on her trip to what is believed to be Surinam. Behn lived between 1640 and died the year proceeding the authoring of this novel. She begins the novel stating her legitimacy as an author, and she is the persona in ...

Islam got into West Africa between 100 C.E and 1750 C.E. Thus, Ghana is one of the West African countries that embraced Islam. To begin with, Islam centralized the politics in Ghana and brought in the international attention. Therefore, there was remarkable increase of political unity as observers from other countries were many (McKay, John 9). Additionally, many Ghanaian people come together as a result of Islamic religion which provided universal faith that served the interest of many persons and groups. Consequently, Islam is credited for leading to the creation of Ghana which is a Sudanic state. This is so because ...

Introduction

Thoreau’s civil disobedience emerges from Thoreau’s refusal to pay church tax claiming that the church has no right to impose tax. His reasoning is that if all institutions were to present their tax bills to the government, then he would be bound to pay his; but, there is no justification for “taxing the schoolmaster to support the priest” (Thoreau 49). This implies that though the policy may be ethical, the underlying structure is disputable. His reasoning is influential; it stirs a logical query of every aspect of one’s own life, indicating a close connection between text and action. ...

Abstract

During the just concluded presidential elections in America, one of the principal matters in the agenda of either presidential hopeful was the issue of immigration. Debatably, the United States is the country experiencing the highest rates of immigration in the entire world. One of the consequences of having high inflows of foreigners is the fact that some individuals find their way illegally into the United States. As such, the aspect of illegal of immigrants has been described as one of the most serious menaces facing the United States. Typically, immigration is a concept that concerns itself with the movement of ...

In contrast to the image that the title of this book brings about and the prejudiced idea in our mind about how it is overwhelmingly difficult to end poverty in the distant or near future, Jeffrey Sachs’s The End of Poverty: Economic Possibilities for Our Time provides an honest, uncomplicated strategy for ending poverty that is appealing to both common sense and logic. Sachs provides conclusive proof that in our time, poverty can only be alleviated through a major shift in assistance policy. Yet, in contrast to many who think it is impossible to solve the challenges in Asia ...

No matter where one lives, financial capability is a vital life skill for the modern world. It is true that an ability to deal with money effectively has always been important, particularly since the end of the bartering age, this skill is especially important given the global reach of the marketplace. It is easy for people who live in the developed nations to forget about those who live outside their sphere, but if people who live in the developing world are to gain something of an equal footing, as far as the movement toward a more equitable standard of living progresses. ...

The definition and understanding of terrorism and its nature heavily dependent on the political, legal and social contexts in which it is assessed. Individuals, organized groups and even governments across the world have overtime have used terrorism for their ends, which has effectively made it increasingly difficult to accurately define and apply it to the rapidly changing contexts (Ibrahim, Oct 2008). Descriptions of terrorism have ranged from criminal acts that are intentioned to cause a state fear/terror among the public, some, individuals or groups of people for political or other unjustifiable philosophical, racial, ideological, coercive diplomacy, religious etc. It refers ...

The primary characters of Shakespeare’s plays typically have an element of tragedy to them: some unfortunate outcome for them that occurs either despite their circumstances or because of them. In the case of Othello, the titular character is a tragic figure whose race leads many, including Iago, to scheme against him and lead to his downfall. In this essay, the character of Othello will be examined in terms of his race and behavior, through the lens of G.K. Hunter's "Othello and Color Prejudice." Here, Othello is presented as a black man who is a heroic figure, constantly fighting against the perceptions ...