Embryo Research Papers Samples For Students

INTRODUCTION:

The stem cell research has been debated ever since the birth of it. However, the categorization of the stem cell research has been defined in a wrong manner. Moreover, the media is sensationalizing the topic. This has resulted in a wrong notion that all stem cell research is unethical. This is a wrong notion of the research because there are two types of stem cell research. The adult stem cell research is ethical than the embryonic stem cell research.
Adult stem cell research refers to the usage of matured cells from mature adult human being without killing the host. On the ...

Besides the benefits from the research in stem cells, the research has proven to be one of the most controversial issues in the modern world. The prime concern is deciding whether its continuity is right or wrong. Many are arguing the issue of morality which involves the use of human embryos, genetic engineering, cloning and the biological impacts resulting from the research. It has spanned a strong debate in regard to its credibility in regard to ethical concerns primarily about creation, destruction and also the use of embryos. It does not stop there because of other issues raised about the species ...

Embryonic stem cells are produced from embryos, human or other animal embryos

.most of such cells have developed from embryos that develop from eggs which have been
fertilized in vitro fertilization clinics. Such embryos have been donated for the purpose of
research with the informed consent of the donors, and they are certainly not developed from
eggs fertilised in a woman’s body. (Bethesda, 2015)

At the outset it has to be accepted that the embryonic stem cell research is a modern

day scientific marvel which can change the ways the various presently day incurable human
ailments, are treated in the future. Diseases like cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s,
premature aging, stunted growth may altogether be eliminated in the distant future.

Moral and Ethical issues of Stem cell Research

However, there are moral and ethical issues ...

The advancement of technology has precipitated a revolution in scientific understanding over the last several decades. Advancements in research tools has led to new insights into every facet of scientific discovery within the realms of chemistry, physics, and biology and all the sub-disciplines forming their constitution. Increased discovery has brought with it opportunities for cross discipline cooperation which has resulted in the formation of new disciplines and has galvanized scientists to press the boundaries of research and application as has never been seen in human history. One such field testing those limits is genetics. Today’s geneticists have expanded beyond ...

Abortion can be termed as the ending of pregnancy by expelling or removing a fetus from the embryo or uterus prior to viability. An abortion may take place spontaneously, where it is often termed as a miscarriage, or it may be deliberately induced. The word abortion mostly refers to a human pregnancy’s induced abortion. Following viability, the relevant process is known as a pregnancy termination. In the developed nations, an induced abortion in conformity with the law is regarded as one of the safest medical procedures. Nevertheless, unsafe abortions lead to 5 million hospital admissions and about 47,000 maternal deaths annually ...

“Unless and until it can be proven that the unborn child is not a living entity, then its right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness must be protected.” (" Reagan, “Evil Empire,” Speech Text"). Abortion, a word derived from the Latin abortus meaning to be aborted or to miscarry, refers to the premature end or termination of a pregnancy ("Latin Definition for: aborior, aboriri, abortus (ID: 171)"). Generally, a majority of women get an abortion performed before they are twelve-week pregnant, i.e. during the first-trimester. However, some women may also get an abortion performed up to twenty-four weeks in the second trimester ...

Stem cell research has been termed by several health practitioners and scholars as one of the greatest milestones in medical research. Stem cells can be defined as any cells that have the ability to divide and thus can be specialized into any of the different kinds of cells found in the body . Such specialization and growth of cells into any of the functional cells implies that physicians can use the technology to cure many cell-related diseases. For instance, stem cells can be used to replace damaged cells due to cancer. Other diseases may lead to the damaging and degradation ...

Cloning has been a particularly intriguing experiment over the years, involving acutely essential milestones and crucial researches. Many hypotheses have been generated; some accepted and others refuted. On 5 July 1996, a domestic ewe, Dolly was born by lan Wilmut and his colleagues. Dolly was the first animal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell (McLaren, 1775). Initially, people, inclusive of scientist, did not believe that somatic cell from an adult individual, could be used to generate a new individual through cloning. However, with the emergence of Dolly, the ideology was disapproved, and, it was with clear conscious that genes could ...

Abstract

Stem cells research and particularly stem cell research is an area that has continually stirred up moral, spiritual and cultural dilemmas. Several arguments have been advanced both for and against stem cell research even as advances that are being made in the field of stem cell research continually evolve making it closer to becoming a widely practiced scientific application. Stem cells are widely studied because of their inherent ability to be renewed and regenerated in addition to their ability to adapt to different environments. Some of the benefits of stem cell research are: stem cells can be used in the ...

Embryonic stem cell is a crucial factor in the developmental process of a multicellular organism. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived at early stages during development and eventually give rise to all type of tissues and organs in an animal. The ES cell lines have three properties consisting of self-renewal, primary chimera formation and pluripotency [1]. Pluripotency, a key feature of ESCs, refers to the capacity of a cell to differentiate into several different types of tissues [2]. An array of cellular factors play important role in maintaining pluripotency and determining cell fate in the developmental pathway. Negative effects on these factors may ...

Abstract:

Medicine and science had always maintained a steady flow of debates by the beginning of the 20th century with the ongoing increase of diseases, and virus mutations keeping up with the modern technology. Medicines had to be updated regularly to ensure that mutations would not influence a person’s sickness and overall health. It is common to see various medical procedures claiming that they can cure a disease or complication without the need to pay medicines regularly. One of these offerings is known as stem cell treatment, which uses stem cells to repair damage tissues or cure diseases. While the preliminary studies ...

Introduction

The cloning is one of the contemporary controversial topics. The development in this area has been made through the history and there are various positive and also negative effects connected with it. Public opinion is not crystallized on the cloning topic where some are in favor and others against. The paper will provide information that cloning can have both negative and positive impacts, and that the knowledge in the public about the issue is insufficient which results in negative attitudes towards it. The thesis of the paper is that despite its therapeutic uses, cloning for the purpose of reproduction ...

Introduction

In this paper, I am going to look at the most important and general principles of Islamic ethics. Just to begin with, one should have at least a certain level of cultural understanding in order to be fully sensitive about its environment and religion to which he/she is leaving in. Here, despite the normal ethics which are found in all the religions, Islamic religion has got specific ethics which guide them in their day to day life. The main objective of this paper is to specifically deal with how Muslims understand health and compare it with science as far as ...

INTRODUCTION

The debate over stem cell research, and whether or not it should be made legal, is very complicated and long-standing. Stem cell research involves investigating whether or not embryonic stem cells can be used to potentially cure a number of diseases, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and many others. The theory is that, since stem cells are able to differentiate into any other cell in the body, that they can be used to create healthy cells where once there were cancer cells, thus treating the disease. Stem cells have already been used to repair disease-ridden tissue successfully in patients (Neel & ...

This research is about radiation exposure to pregnant females. Pregnant females are often exposed to radiation from medical equipment such as X-Ray machines, security scanners, hazards from nuclear facilities, and other equipment in the workplace. There has been raising concerns as to whether radiation has any impact on pregnant females. While some argue radiation is harmful, some people believe radiation has no impact. This paper will review evidence gathered from previous investigations. The paper will discuss radiation and its impacts on the pregnant females. The paper will conclude with a summary of the findings.
Radiation can be classified as ...

Introduction

Germination is the process by which a plant develops from a seed and grows in optimal conditions where temperature and water available is suitable for the transformation of a seed into a plant. The conditions are favorable when the right balance of air, moisture and temperature are reached that stimulate the seed to come out of hibernation and start sprouting a root and shoot that starts the process of germination(Bewley, J. Derek, et al). Mostly, germination is the growth of embryonic seeds. When a seed is germinating and fertilizing, it produces an embryo where an embryo is present after fertilization and this embryo gets ...

Facts and Conclusion

Facts and Conclusion
Before we describe what three-parent in vitro fertilization is, let us first define what in vitro fertilization (I.V.F) is in the first place. In vitro fertilization is a process wherein the man’s sperm and a woman’s egg are fertilized outside the woman’s body (Storck, 2014). Once fertilization occurs and the fertilized egg divides to become an embryo, the embryo is placed in the uterus (womb) of the woman. Pregnancy in this sense happens once the embryo attaches to the lining of the uterus (Storck, 2014).
The process of in vitro fertilization is often ...

Seeds are fertilized ripe plant ovules that contain embryos and are used either for sowing or for consumption. They can also be defined as units of reproduction of flowering plants that develops into other plants. Seeds come from ripe ovules of gymnosperm (naked seeds) and angiosperm (enclosed seeds) plants after fertilization while others come from the mother plant (Bewley and Black, 1994). Seeds are formed to complete the reproduction process and also to help in the spread of flowering plants. They also help in the spreading or dispersal of plants. When seeds are mature, they are sown while others ...

Trisomy

Chromosomes are marvelous things! They carry in their genes the entire genetic code required to build a human being. Comprised of nucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, twenty-three pairs of chromosomes located in the cell nucleus are needed for the normal development of a human embryo. However, sometimes things go wrong. This paper will discuss some of the consequences of faulty chromosome separation during fertilization, resulting in Trisomy.
Trisomy is a chromosomal condition which occurs when three chromosomes, instead of the normal two are produced during cell division. This happens due to the failure of human chromosome pairs to separate ...

Abortion (from the Latin abortus - miscarriage) - is an artificial pregnancy interruption. In general, it is a removal of the fetus from the uterus carried out by under the age of 22 weeks from conception of fetus. The operation is usually carried out in an instrumental or medical way. Every year about 46 million abortions are held in the world. This operation is permitted in 54 countries, which account for 61% of the world's population (Brown, 2014).
The question of banning or permitting abortion is being discussed in the media constantly. However, it is necessary to realize that ...

The Process of Spermatogenesis in the Male Testis

Spermatogenesis is an intricate process that involves mitotic cell division, meiosis, and its process. The regulation of spermatogenesis involves the endocrine and the paracrine mechanisms. The spermatogenesis endocrine stimulation involves the follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone. The luteinizing hormone acts through the intermediary testosterone that is produced by the leydig cells in the testis. A male fertility requires the production by the testis with large number of normal spermatozoa by spermatogenesis process. There are three major steps subdivided in the process; the mitosis, meiosis, and the transformation of the round spermatid. The multiplication of spermatogonia is ...

Introduction to Abortion

Abortion is the termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortions; miscarriage and therapeutic abortion. In miscarriage, the embryo or fetus is instantaneously removed from the uterus of the woman. On the other hand, in therapeutic abortion, the embryo is expelled or removed from the uterus of the woman with the help of some medical procedure. In return, therapeutic abortion is of two types; surgical abortion and medical abortion. Surgical abortion is also known as manual vacuum aspiration. In this procedure, cervix (opening to the uterus) is dilated, and the embryo or fetus and placental tissues are removed ...

Yellow fever is a classic viral hemorrhagic fever and is an example of diseases of antiquity. It was first described in 1667 in Barbados. The name of the disease is derived from the appearance of those infected (usually a yellow tinted skin). It was earlier called as Yellow Jack because jaundice is a prominent sign in severe cases. Devastating epidemics of yellow fever were prevalent in the Americas, Europe and Africa from the seventeenth to the twentieth century. The mortality rate for yellow fever is about 20% (Narins 2003).

Cause

Yellow fever virus belongs to the genus Flavivirus (Family: Flaviviridae) and is the ...

Abstract

Bones are formed through a process known as osteogenesis from three different lineages. This process takes place through two different methods, which are intramembranous ossification and endochondral ossification. A large increment in bone mass takes place in childhood, as well as puberty, through the formation of endochondral bone. At this point, growth hormones are known to play a role. This paper will focus on the process of cartilage and bone formation and the stimulation of bone formation by the growth hormone. There are a number of factors that regulate the formation of bone, while growth hormone affects a number of factors related to ...

Abstract

This paper describes and discusses the various types of human stem cells, including those in early-stage embryos (the blastocyst) and those present in adult tissue, explaining the practical uses of the various types in the medical field, where stem cells can be used to repair damaged tissue and organs. Although the adult stem cell types offer fewer possibilities for medical applications than the embryonic type, their use is less ethically controversial because it does not require destruction of a living albeit very early stage embryo. Research into stem cell applications is finding improved techniques. These include the treatment of acute ...

Ethics of Stem Cell Research

Stem cells are central to newly developed therapies for curing degenerative diseases in humans. This is attributed to a very attractive feature of stem cells: their ability to produce a wide variety of other types of cells. Starting from stem cells, it is possible therefore to produce blood, brain, liver, muscle or essentially any type of specialized cell in a process called differentiation. Accordingly, with these therapies is now possible to aspire to find solutions to conditions that require organ or tissue replacement with a reduced rejection probability or even immune response (Juengst E). Patients with conditions like cirrhosis, muscle paralysis, corneal deterioration, ...

Cloning

1.0 Historical Background
During mammalian reproduction, the sperm fuses with the egg. During this process, both the egg and the sperm contribute half of the genetic material resulting into a genetically unique individual. On the other hand, cloning involves the development of an organism or cell that has identical genetic materials to the parent. Thus cloning can be defined as producing a copy of DNA, cell or organism asexually. This definition is not a clear reflection of what people considers cloning to be thus raising perennial and heated debate on the ethics and morals of cloning. However, it worth noting that ...

Abstract

The intent of this paper is to canvass some of the various teratogens that often affect the fetus. The paper also seeks to describe some of the common effects of teratogens. It is noteworthy that an appreciable amount of effort has been put in place to unravel the variant types of teratogens. Until present a superfluity of teratogens have been discovered with more being discovered every passing day. Teratogens affect an unborn child in the prenatal development stage in a varied number of ways. Though some of the effects are illustrious at birth, most of the teratogenic complications only become eminent ...

Introduction

Ending the pregnancy is known as abortion if the result is not birth. Abortion is usually taken as the intentional act rather than an accident. Abortion is also known as ‘termination of pregnancy’. In the case of abortion, the pregnancy is forcefully removed from the mother’s womb. There are several ways of carrying out abortion. This include medical abortion through taking pills. In this way the miscarriage is caused through usage of special medicines that affect the pregnancy and removes it from the body of the mother through aborting the process. Surgical abortion is another type of abortion ...

Introduction

Abortion entails ending of a pregnancy. It is done through the expulsion or removal an embryo or fetus from the uterus. It can take place naturally or it can be deliberately induced. At times, it is by the reason of the fetus’ natural death that abortion occurs. However, the word abortion generally pertains to the induced method (Hinman, 2013). Some groups of people perceive such method as immoral, while others believe otherwise. The rate of its recurrence, related legal, religious and cultural issues are different for any place; that is why, it is a very controversial topic. There are two prestigious ...

Introduction

There was a time when women, in order to rid themselves of unwanted pregnancy, would risk their lives by inserting coat hangers or knitting needles into their vagina to abort a child. Abortion, which refers to the process of terminating pregnancy after a woman has conceived, is debated largely even today. One better way to avoid the circumstances that lead to abortion is to go for birth control options that inhibit pregnancy in the first place. Today, there are a number of birth control options available including contraceptive pill, patch, vaginal ring, IUD, diaphragm, male condom, female condom and implant, but the most ...

Cloning has been a subject of great speculation for decades now, with the major breakthrough coming in 1997 after scientist successfully cloned the first mammal, the Dolly sheep. It refers to the process used in the creation of an exact genetic copy of a cell, organism or tissue of an organism. The material, which is genetically a copy of the original cell or tissue, is called a clone. The types of cloning are divided into three; 1) gene cloning in which copies of genes of cell or its DNA are made; 2) reproductive cloning in which a copy of a whole organism is made, and ...

AIDS, Early pregnancy and Artificial conception are just some of the main issues commonly interrelated with fertility or reproduction, both of which are sensitive topics, that ironically must be given more attention academically.
This paper is divided in two parts. The first part tackles In-Vitro Fertilization and other kinds of artificial conception, and the correlation of AIDS, early pregnancy and prostitution, while the latter part focuses the socio-economic and health impacts of AIDS and prostitution with more emphasis on developing countries.

Emergence of Artificial Conception

Artificial insemination and In-Vitro Fertilization are just two ways of replicating pregnancy through the normal process of ...

Part One

The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or IFRC is the largest humanitarian network in the world. It reaches more than one hundred and fifty million people in one hundred and eighty seven National Societies. This is done through the work of more than thirteen million volunteers.
These national societies and volunteers work together in dealing with disasters. They work during and after natural and other disasters and health related emergencies to improve lives and meet the needs of vulnerable people. They do ...

Abortions

Scholars have constantly attempted to explain factors related increased rates of abortion cases with little success. Many women and young women opt for pregnancy termination, although some argue that their decisions do not stand with it. Despite the rise in education on the long-term implications of pregnancy termination, the rate of abortions cases is still high (Rosenberg 39). Studies highlights that individuals are likely to stop practicing a destructive action after realizing its consequences. However, this hypothesis does not seem to work in the case of abortion. Many scholarly sources suggest that in explaining high rates of abortions, factors that ...

This technology has been in existence for some time in science. Genetic engineering is the alteration of the genes of an organism to obtain an offspring whose genetic make-up is more superior to that of the parent organisms. In its crude form, it comprises of selective breeding that resulted in more productive cattle breeds, in the recent past. Genetic engineering utilizes modern techniques to improve an organism’s characteristics. These include deletion or change of the genes within an organism, transfer of genes, and construction of new genes. In crops and animals, genetic engineering is aimed at improving the ...