Nutrient Research Papers Samples For Students

Abstract

Different physical and ecological events along the Gulf of Mexico allows the toxic phytoplankton – red algae to become dominant. The phosphorus-rich nutrient supply encourages phytoplankton succession. The objective of the paper is to study the background of red algae, and why the downstream red tides have only increased over the last couple of decades. The toxic red tides are seen in similar coastal habitats of the western boundary currents China, New Zealand, Japan, and South Africa.

Introduction

The Gulf of Mexico is looked at as a marginal sea as it is linked to the major oceans and the procedures that occur ...

Abstract

Genetically modified organisms have large impact on our environment. Although there is not much proved evidence against it but still the amount of evidence available is enough to discuss it with its implications. GMO crops affect nearly crops by gene follow which could be minimized to some extant will the help of designing separate places for different crops. GMO also effect natural cycle of nitrogen and Carbone reproduction. GMO crops could be a risk in long time that it could alter some properties in human DNA. Steps should be taken by government and other organizations to minimize its effects to ...

Question 1

- Carbohydrates are organic compounds. They are made up of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are the ideal energy source for the body since they are readily converted to glucose, which is the basic form that sugar is transported throughout the body. They are found in two forms, Complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates.

The recommended amount of carbohydrates, according to the British Nutrition Foundation, is:

- 230g of carbohydrates daily for women, which should make up 47.7% of the daily energy consumption.
- 275g of carbohydrates daily for men, which should make up 48.5% of the daily energy consumption.
- Proteins are biological molecules that contain multiple chains of ...

Human development patterns allow us in making generalizations concerning various stages as the infancy phase, childhood phase, adolescence, and finally the adulthood stage. For the first year following the birth, a baby is referred to as an infant. The childhood stage begins in the second year after birth and stretches until adolescence. Childhood stage is often divided into early childhood and middle childhood. Early childhood includes the pre-school years whereas middle childhood stage includes elementary school years, through the fifth or sixth grade. The adolescence stage is the second last stage of human development before adulthood. This stage is ...

Studies show that the population of obese and overweight in developed countries are increasing at an alarming rate. In fact, the World Health Organization has already ring the alarm on the rapid spread of this epidemic in English-speaking industrialized nations such as the United Kingdom, United States, Australia and Canada. The issue of weight is not just about vanity—weight is a determining factor that has been found significant in the diagnosis of diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Weight also reflects a certain level of an active lifestyle, and even mobility and work productivity. Canada has already lost ...

Calderon-Garcia et al. conducted a quantitative research study aimed at studying the effect of eating fish upon bone health (2013). The investigators did not identify any risks or benefits to the participants associated with the study. Given the study involves monitoring diet without modifications and doing standard medical examination tests and non-invasive measurements, this omission is not entirely inappropriate. Some of the benefits could have included the receipt of personal health information resulting from the extensive medical examination and detailed bone measurements. Risks would include those related to medical exams and use of ultrasound. The authors stated that the participants ...

Abstract

Global sea levels have fluctuated during the earth’s long history, falling during the ice ages and rising during periods of global warming. The most recent ice age occurred more than 10,000 years ago. Over the last few decades, we have experienced global warming, which has been aggravated by the effects of global warming resulting into excess gases that trap heat in the atmosphere. Records on rise in sea level for the last 100 years indicate an average rise of one to two inches every 25 years and the figure is increasing. The rising sea level will have ...

Part 1
Height, Weight and BMI

I am an adult aged 29 years. My body weight 145 pounds and a height of 5’10 feet. My Body Mass Index is 20.8, which fall within the normal range for adults with my height. For my height, a healthy body weight should be between 129 to 174 pounds. A BMI below 18.5 indicates that an individual is underweight (Ferrera, 2006). This usually happens when one burns off more calories than they are consuming. A normal BMI should range between 18.5 and 24.9. These persons have a balance between the calories they take and ...

Public schools offer ideal settings for the dissemination of interventions designed to promote physical activity and life-long healthy eating. As such, schools are the only settings where the majority of children can access the opportunity of consuming healthful meals regularly, being physically active through extracurricular activities, and receiving education on healthy living. Nonetheless, many interventions have been ineffective because they often fail to incorporate environmental factors and system-wide policies that influence the ability of schools, families, and children to alter behavior (Coleman et al., 2012). Although recent investigations have made attempts to address the shortcoming, they have yielded mixed ...

Food Environments

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that over the last three decades obesity has nearly tripled in children aged 2- 12(Control., 2015), and therefore referred to as the childhood obesity epidemic. Researchers posit that obesity among children and adolescents is typically due to sedentary lifestyles and unhealthy eating both of which are influenced by socioeconomic climate(Carroll-Scott et al., 2013; Van Hulst, Gauvin, Kestens, & Barnett, 2013). Consequentially, obesity disproportionately affects minority, low-income populations(Rendall, Weden, Fernandes, & Vaynman, 2012). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Children and Adolescent Obesity Rates by Race(Obesity, 2014; Rendall et al., ...

Introduction

Drosophila Melanogaster, also known as the fruit fly, is an insect used as a classical model system to determine the mechanisms of sensory systems, including hunger and diet selection (Amrein and Thorne, 2005; Schwarz et al., 2013). It feeds on the fungi of rooting fruit, and prefers foods that include sugars and amino acids (Thorne et al., 2014). Carbohydrates are a major source of food in adult Drosophila, similar to in humans (Amrein and Thorne, 2005).
Food ingestion is a behavior that all animals display. Feeding behavior in animals is a link between physiology and behavior (Itskov et al., 2014). In many insects, it includes the foraging and detection of food, the initiation of ingestion and the consumption of the meal (Edgecomb et al., 1994; Qi et al., 2015). Particularly, Drosophila feed on the food surface by extending their proboscis into contact with the food and drawing it in (Wong et al., 2009).
The central issue in foraging behavior is related to how organisms adjust their activities in response to the nature and distribution of potential resources. Changes in behavior due to modifications in resource availability may affect the success of the organisms, especially at the efficiency and reproductive levels (Prokopy and Roitberg, 1984). Particularly, in D. melanogaster the foraging activity is related with the foraging (for) gene, which have alleles related to the rover (forR)and sitter (forS)behavioral morphologies (Kent et al., 2009). These two morphologies respond in a different way to the present of nutrients.
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the foraging and feeding behavior of fruit flies using D. melanogaster apterous by using the question: “Do hungry fruit flies prefer a yeast solution to a sucrose solution?” The null hypothesis being tested was that there is no significant difference between observed and expected results for yeast and sucrose as feeding preference in D. melanogaster.

Results

Discussion
In nature, Drosophila feed from material and microbes that come from fermenting or rooting fruit. On the other hand, in the laboratory, they can be maintained on a combination of sugar, yeast and water, as a basal medium (Bass et al., 2007). Quantities of flies feeding with yeast solution were higher at the beginning (30 min) than at the end of the experiment 60 (min). The highest quantity of flies was found at 60 min, feeding with sucrose solution. Burke and Wadell (2012) affirmed that, in Drosophila, detecting sweetness indicates the presence of sugar and possible caloric content, and it is also associated to memory in this organism. This assumption can explain, in part, the preference of sucrose in this experiment, as it can be related to the sweetness of this solution. Previous reports demonstrate a preference of sucrose over yeast, when flies can select its food (Lee et al., 2008). Also, when larvae are depressed with respect to a nutrient, either sucrose or protein, they later selectively feed from a diet having the missing nutrient (Schwarz et al., 2013).

Flies quantities

Since significant difference (p<0.05) was found, the null hypothesis was rejected, meaning that there is a difference between the feeding tests. Feeding with sucrose was the best if we compare numbers presented in Table 2.
Although one would expect that the mix of both feeding sources, yeast and sucrose, would be the best one, results didn’t show a good performance in this test. Schwarz et al. (2013) reported a preference for both in Drosophila larvae. Based on these results, hungry fruit flies prefer sucrose solution over yeast solution having a significant difference (p<0.001) between feeding tests, which demonstrates some of the foraging behavior of Drosophila in finding food sources and preferences. Other studies, including molecular studies can aid in the knowledge of foraging behavior. Studying these mechanisms in Drosophila can help to further studies in this organism and in other organisms, such as humans, where homology of some genes has been found.

References

Amrein H. and Thorne N. (2005) Gustatory Perception and Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. Current Biology. 15. R673-R684.
Bass T. M., Grandison, R. C., Wong W., Martinez P., Partridge L. and Piper M. D. W. (2007)Optimization of Dietary Restriction Protocols in Drosophila.Journal of Gerontology A Biological Sciences Medical Sciences.62. 1071–1081.
Burke C. J. and Wadell S. (2012)Remembering nutrient quality of sugar in Drosophila.Current Biology. 21. 746-750.
Edgecomb R. S., Harth C. E., Schneiderman A. M. (1994) Regulation of feeding behavior in adult Drosophila melanogaster varies with feeding regime and nutritional state. Journal of Experimental Biology. 197. 215-235.
Itskov P.M., Moreira J-M., Vinnik E., Lopes G., Safarik S., Dickinson M. H. and Ribeiro C. (2014) Automated monitoring and quantitative analysis of feeding behavior in Drosophila. Nature Communications. 5. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5560.
Kent C. F., Daskalchuk T., Cook L., Sokolowski M. B. and Greenspan R. J. (2009) The Drosophila foraging Gene Mediates Adult Plasticity and Gene–Environment Interactions in Behaviour, Metabolites, and Gene Expression in Response to Food Deprivation. Public Library of Science. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000609.
Lee K. P, Simpson S. J., Clissold F. J., Brooks R., Ballard J. W. O., Taylor P. W., Soran N. and Raubenheimer D. (2008) Ageing and reproduction in Drosophila: new insights from nutritional geometry. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences USA. 105. 2498-2503.
Prokopy R. J. and Roitberg B. D. (1984) Foraging Behavior of True Fruit Flies: Concepts of foraging can be used to determine how tephritids search for food, mates, and egg-laying sites and to help control these pests. American Scientist. 72. 41-49.
Qi W., Yang Z., Lin Z., Park J Y., Suh G S B. and Wang L. (2015) A quantitative feeding assay in adult Drosophila reveals rapid modulation of food ingestion by its nutritional value. Molecular Brain. 8. DOI 10.1186/s13041-015-0179-x.
Schwarz S., Zachary D. and Dukas R. (2014) Food selection in larval fruit flies: dynamics and effects on larval development. Naturwissenschaften. 101. 61-68.
Thorne N., Chromey C., Bray S. and Amrein H. (2014) Taste Perception and Coding in Drosophila. Current Biology. 14. 1065-1079.
Wong R., Piper, M. D. W., Wertheim B. and Partridge L. (2009) Quantification of Food Intake in Drosophila. Public Library of Science. 72. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006063.

This study creates awareness about the advantages of consuming olive oil in our daily lives. This research on olive oil, done from two different online sources, mentions the history, making, types and benefits of olive oil, which have been present and observed for a long time. After studying the facts presented in this research I came to the conclusion that the extra virgin olive oil is very healthy and its consumption can help reduce a lot of medical problems. Unawareness about the benefits of olive oil has kept me in the dark about observing healthy tips and guarding my entire body ...

Abstract

Continuous exposure to a wide spectrum of natural light has constructive impacts to not only one’s health but also their moods. The production of hormones such as serotonin and melatonin based on the intensity of light has a large impact on the distribution of an individual’s emotions. This study seeks to validate the role of sunlight in the distribution of a person’s mood and whether a lack thereof has a negative impact on their emotional balance. The paper utilizes similar researches conducted on this issue to establish an argument about the constructive impacts of sunlight on ...

The development and functioning of the brain is greatly reliant on specific dietary components. As an example, glucose is the primary nutrient component that provides energy for the brain. For this reason, carbohydrate intake is crucial for the functioning of the brain. Gu et al. (2015) article “Mediterranean Diet and Brain Structure in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort” offers a glimpse on the implications of Mediterranean diet on the development and functioning of the brain. The article is based on a scientific research carried out in 674 elderly respondents. Gu et al. (2015) study sought to establish whether increased cortical ...

The development and functioning of the brain are greatly reliant on specific dietary components. As an example, glucose is the primary nutrient component that provides energy for the brain. For this reason, carbohydrate intake is crucial for the functioning of the brain. Gu et al. (2015) article “Mediterranean Diet and Brain Structure in a Multiethnic Elderly Cohort” offers a glimpse on the implications of the Mediterranean diet on the development and functioning of the brain. The article is based on a scientific research carried out in 674 elderly respondents. Gu et al. (2015) study sought to establish whether increased ...

Introduction

Wen highly trained, motivated and talented athletes meet for competition there is a very small margin of defeat and victory. When everything else is on a level platform, nutrition becomes the determinant between losing and winning. Many athletes ignore key dietary issues and only focus on supplementing their diet with vitamins, minerals and proteins. Any professional athlete knows the value of nutritional support when it comes to performance(Perez-Schindler, Hamilton, Moore, Baar, & Philp, 2015). There is a lot that is involved including energy requirements, body mass, the type of foods, the sport involved and much more. All these factors ...

INTRODUCTION TO GEOGRAPHY INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS)

Q1. Main data sources for GIS
The primary data sources for GIS include; first, web pages. The internet is a platform for accessing GIS data. This GIS data from the internet is in digital format. Again, it is necessary first to evaluate the quality of data found in Metadata before purchasing or downloading it as per the GIS project’s quality standard. Secondly are map sheets. The printed or hard copy maps documents are also sources of GIS data. They vary as per format, content, age, usage, media, scale and complexity but should be legible for providing direct measurements ...

Assignment 1

Assignment 1: Environment Analysis
Introduction
Domino’s pizza is considered as one of the most prominent organizations around the world. Domino’s pizza offers both types of services i.e. dine-in as well as door-to-door delivery service of fresh Pizza from their eatery. At present, Domino’s Pizza have more than 10,000 franchises spread over more than 70 countries and can also be found at almost every major urban locations of U.S. Domino’s Pizza aims to satisfy food cravings of their customers with ultimate Italian - American sustenance. Its goal is to always maintain the aptitude of using ...

In the United States, power is generated from various sources. In 2014 alone, 4,093 billion KWh units were produced. The majority of these came from fossil fuels while renewable energy sources accounted for around 17%. The high percentage of fossil fuels used for electric power generation as compared to renewable energy sources leads to a more a pronounced environmental impact. The table below shows the percentage of the total power produced by the four major energy sources in 2014.

Negative effects of power production

Coal power production
Coal is a fossil fuel that is combusted in steam boilers to generate steam for driving steam turbines. ...

Introduction

Climate change is a global issue that has generated a lot of controversy in recent years. More than any other current threat that faces us, it is likely to affect the way economic and environmental policy will be drafted. However, not all people are accepting of the fact that climate change exists, and many of those that deny it are in control of environmental legislation.
Climate change has been happening across the globe for eons, and few people disagree that this is true. However, the last hundred to one hundred fifty years has seen a dramatic increase in the rate of ...

Executive Summary

Athletic drink market is continuously growing. Currently, this market is worth $7 billion, and it is expected to grow into a $20 billion market by 2020. The products available in the market are of “one size fits all” type with Pepsi and Coca-Cola dominating the market share. Since the nutritional requirements vary from one person to another on the basis of size, weight, height and type of sports, the “one size fits all” type of products fail to fulfill all the bodily needs of a sports person. Customade is a product that has been designed to provide customized nutrition solution to people ...

Introduction

The original goal of this report is to provide essential reasons about why such business might have necessitated in our area and how people can have varieties of fresh produce without any seasonal barriers. Populations of these cities are growing day by day, and most of the lands are going under housing projects, so the farming lands undergo destruction for housings. Hydroponics is the solution. It can benefit us with so many other factors such as, no need for workers, no need for lands, no needs for large investments and (etc.) (Guffey& Loewy, 310).

Land and water are becoming ...

Vitamin C helps manage stress

Vitamin C helps manage stress

Introduction

Stress is part of life but an ongoing stress can take a toll on the body. It can lead to digestive problems, weight gain, poor memory, fatigue, moodiness, muscle pain, and headaches. High levels of stress can increase the risk of heart attack and diabetes. Reducing stress provides a good way of staying healthy, increasing productivity and enjoying life more. When the stressed person lacks enough instruments and emotional support, they must device more practical ways of reducing stress. The good news, however, is that consuming certain foods and nutrients, at the right amount and time, ...

Hormone Variations During Pregnancy

Hormone Variations During Pregnancy

Introduction

Pregnancy is regarded is one of the most important phase of a women’s life cycle. In addition, pregnancy also encompasses hormonal and physiological changes that are unique in the women’s life cycle. In pregnancy, women experience sudden changes, which includes progesterone and estrogen increases. This also leads to dramatic changes on hormonal functions that affects mood and creates a “glow” among pregnant women. More importantly, hormonal changes during pregnancy poses a significant effect fetal development that also manifests in the changes in physical activities. Having to mention the progesterone and estrogen, medical studies suggests that women ...

Introduction

Athletics and fitness play a comprehensive role in ensuring that individual’s gain adequate health. This is evident by the fact athletes are often found to be healthier than people who seldom engage in any form of exercise. It is also crucial to note that the positive implications of athletics are not limited to assuring robust health alone. Instead, the positive implications of sports extend to the fact that it enhances an individual’s academic performance, not forgetting the fact that it reduces the occurrence of depression. This analysis depicts the manner in which sports play a colossal role in enhancing ...

The relationship between adequate nutrition and endurance amongst athletes has been well documented. Precisely, the nutrients requirements for athletes vary from those of normal individuals because they engage in highly strenuous athletic activities that require significant amounts of energy. On a similar note, athletic activities results in an increase in the utilization of various energy sources. Carbohydrates in the form of glycogen stored in the muscles are broken down during periods of intense exercise to provide energy. Similarly, fats stores in the adipose tissues are broken down to provide the energy needed to sustain athletic activities. In a nutshell, athletics requires ...

Introduction:

Iron (symbol Fe and atomic number 26) is a popular metal, which is used in a variety of applications. As it is abundantly available in the earth, it has been used in different forms since time immemorial. Today, iron ore extraction is a well defined and regulated process. However, there are many environmental and health hazards related to the metal and extraction. A critical analysis of the exact impacts can help in achieving an overall sustainable productivity from the element. With that end in mind, this paper deals with the characteristics of Iron; places where it is available; how it is extracted, ...

The use of alternative energy has been adopted not only to improve our energy efficiency but also to counter the wide range of environmental problems caused by burning fossil fuels. Our primary sources of energy which derived from coal, oil and natural gas are not renewable, are easily depleted and can substantially harm our environment due to carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing or eliminating these carbon emissions can be resolved by using alternative or renewable resources such as wind, solar, geothermal, hydroelectric and biomass. Renewable resources provide a cheap and efficient energy system, however some experts are skeptical and have argued ...

Introduction

An isotope can be defined as a variant of the same element that has the same atomic number but different mass number.These variants must be of the same elements. That is the have the same number of protons but different number of neutron. Isotopsy is existence of an element in more than one form having the same atomic number but has a different mass number.

Stable and unstable nucleus

A stable nuclear is the one whose the number of proton and neutron in an elements are equal or are nearly equal hence the element nuclear does not disintergrate.The nuclears is not as heavy as in ...

XX November 2013

Introduction
The Galapagos Island or the Galapagos archipelago is a group of volcanic islands off the coast of South America in the Pacific Ocean. They are about 973 km away from the coastline, and belong to the country Ecuador. There are 18 main islands, 3 smaller islands, and 107 rocks and islets. This group of islands contains a large number of endemic species which were studied by Charles Darwin during his voyage on the Beagle. His research led to the formation of Darwin’s theory of evolution and natural selection. Charles Darwin was an English geologist cum ...

Research Paper – Human changing eating habits to save the world

Earth as a planet faces different kind of risks which pose a great danger to the continued survival of mankind and other living organisms. These risks range from various accidents including heavenly body’s collisions, threat of alien’s invasion which is speculated, leak of nuclear materials which has been experienced in various countries and the global warming effect which is evidently taking place and threatening earth among many other dangers. One danger that has over the time been a threat to the continued human survival and is lightly noticed is the human eating habits. Humans being are the greatest omnivorous and ...

Obesity occurs when an individual accumulates excess fat in the body. This affects their health negatively. The BMI is used to measure the shape of the body based on a person’s weight relative to their height. It is used to categorize the body as underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight, while a BMI of 30 and above is considered obese. A child is considered obese when his weight is above normal for his age and height. This condition makes them susceptible to a spectrum of adverse health effects such as diabetes, ...

Essay on vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 is a nutrient playing an important role in the manufacturing of blood cells and maintaining a healthy nervous system. The nutrient is involved in many processes like methyl transfer, nucleic acid metabolism, and acid myelin synthesis and repair. It is found in products like meat, eggs, shellfish, milk, and cheese (Johnson, 2012).

The discovery of vitamin B12 occurred in several phases for about 100 years. Pernicious anemia, as it is called today, was first described by Thomas Addison in the mid-19th century (Whitby, 1955). Several years later, researchers Minot and Murphy demonstrated liver or liver extracts to be the ...

Several researches have been conducted on the issue of global warning to detect its effects on both our environments, lives and animals. Most of those researches have actually supported the need to reduce the global warming by fighting against greenhouse gases. The main arguments are “is it really true that global warming result in shortage of crop production?” The scientific questions will be answered based on researches.
The arguments to evaluate is that those global warming has any effects on food production. It is very important to note that global food markets have increased in a volatile mode recently. ...