Pneumonia Research Papers Samples For Students

Ventilator Assisted Pneumonia

Ventilator Assisted Pneumonia

- O'Keefe-McCarthy, S., Santiago, C., & Lau, G. (2008). Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Bundled Strategies: An Evidence-Based Practice. Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(4), 193-204. doi:10.1111/j.1741-6787.2008.00140.xSummary of Article: In an effort to create care practices and a ventilator bundle to reduce ventilator-induced pneumonia, the study started with a compliance audit by quality control to determine baseline information.
- Research Elements: The design included education of staff, placement of reminder signage, and collecting data from the period of October 2008 to December 2009. The quality department conducted compliance audits. Specific objectives were determined, striving for 100% compliance and reduction of VAP ...

Nursing home pneumonia has been identified as a Healthcare-Acquired Pneumonia (HCAP); the disease is caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Evelyn, 2002). The research aimed at analyzing different characteristics of the disease; the main areas that the research focused on were causes of pneumonia and then treatment plan. The article in the web discussed the guidelines for treatment of the disease.
The disease is caused by Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Aureus, and Enteric Gram-Negative pathogens (Myolette, 2002). The disease affects a person whose body cannot resist these pathogens; the part of the body associated with the disease is the respiratory system that is made ...

Background information

According to the United Nations, homelessness has become “an increasing social and public health problem worldwide”. There are various states of homelessness. Absolute homelessness refers to “conditions of persons without physical shelter”. Relative homelessness refers to a state in which one has some form of physical shelter but the shelter does not meet the required health and safety standards. For instance, it has poor sanitation and access to water is limited or non-existent. Estimates reveal that over 100 million individuals are homeless worldwide. In the United States of America, the US Department of Housing and Urban Development estimates that about ...

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Ventilator associated pneumonia can be described as infection of the Lungs developing in a patient who has been kept on ventilator. Ventilators are used to help patients in proper breathing by administering oxygen with the help of a tube which is placed in the mouth nose or through a hole made in front of neck of the patient. Infection may develop due to entry of the germs through the tube and as a result, the germs may gain entry into the lungs of the patient leading to an infection. In order to bring down the rate ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the ...

Ventilator Assisted Pneumonia

Ventilator Assisted Pneumonia

Implementation Plan

The Policy and Procedure Committee of St. Mary’s Hospital was presented with a literature review and presentation suggesting a policy change; the change regarded care of ventilated patients in the Intensive Care Unit. The change promoted addressed incorporating oral hygiene measures in an effort to reduce ventilator assisted pneumonia (VAP) in the patients. The use of manual cleaning with chlorhexidine swabs or brush in conjunction with suctioning enhances the removal of bacteria from the buccal cavity. The presence of the bacteria encourages development of VAP. The Committee requested an implementation plan for further evaluation of the proposal.

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It has been found that “compliance with evidence based practice in the form of a care bundle can reduce the incidence of VAP” (Ellis et al.) or ventilator associated pneumonia.

One example of a protocol is that which was developed by the Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement or ICSI (Weinert). This protocol covers the “orders around patient care management for the prevention of” (Weinert) VAP.

Protocols are associated with bundles, which the Institute for Healthcare Improvement or IHI defines as “a grouping of best practices that, when used individually, are found to be effective” (Wip and Napolitano). Both the IHI and the ...

Introduction

Homeless people live under environmental stresses in groups, crowds and poor situations resulting in upper respiratory tract and lungs infections (Homelessness, 1988). The most common form of homelessness is related to dermatologic conditions. 30% of the people suffer from mental illness, in which 50-60% homeless women suffer from mental issues. Due to the external exposure, limited access to water, inability to follow homely routine and social isolation combined with financial downfall leads them to numerous diseases of all form (Donohoe, 2004). In U.S. and Canada, an observed pattern of health with different diseases is observed due to overcrowding. A ...

Abstract

The acute respiratory distress syndrome is a form of injury to the lungs that impedes the supply and uptake of oxygen from the alveoli resulting in a state of severe hypoxemia, dyspnea, anxiety, and tachypnea. This review has established that genetics may be playing a role in increasing one’s susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS. Moreover, biomarkers would also play a significant role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. However, it still remains unclear on the type of genes and biomarkers that play a role in causing ARDS. It has also been established that young children (less than 2 years ...

The qualitative research selected was a study titled: Pneumonia Care and the Nursing home: A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Resident and Family Member Perspectives (Carusone, Loeb and Lohfeld, 2006).

Problem Statement

The clinical problem that led to the study is the increasing need for long-term healthcare in healthcare establishments due to the increase in population and change in social values. Apparently, a significant part of the population within the age of 65 and above are increasingly requiring hospitalized care for various health related complications associated with old age. Patients requiring this kind of service have been found to prefer receiving the service in ...

Introduction

Legionnaires’ disease was first recognized in 1976 following its breakout in a hotel in Philadelphia housing delegates who had attended American Legion convention (Lynch, Brightman, & Greenberg, 1994). Its causative agent is a bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila (Lynch, Brightman, & Greenberg, 1994). This disease presents with symptoms similar to those associated with pneumonia. Legionella pneumophila also cause another disease known as Pontiac fever (PF). Pontiac fever and Legionnaires’ disease are collectively referred to as legionellosis. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2011), crude national incidence rate of legionellosis in the United States increased by 192% from 2000 to 2009.

Etiology/Pathology

Legionella ...

1.0 Background Information on SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emerged febrile lower respiratory viral disease that has been described in Asia, Europe, North America and recently Middle East. The disease was first reported in Asia, specifically in Guangdong Province of Southern China, in late 2002. It then spread to Hong Kong, Vietnam, Singapore, Canada, Taiwan, Thailand, Canada, the U.K, U.S and Slovenia at an unprecedented rate, so that in a period of weeks it had spread to 37 countries and was thus a pandemic of global concern in 2003. SARS is reported to be the first global ...

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

Background: Clinical Description

The disease causing agent, Coccioides spp., causes a wide range of illness, but these illness are mostly determined by the hosts' defenses, inoculum size and possibly specific organism virulence. Most of the clinical infections (about 60%) show few or no respiratory symptoms. However, the rest 40% may show symptoms of illness that may either be acute or sub-acute. The illness could range from progressive pneumonia to flu-like conditions. Misdiagnosis usually occurs in self-limited community-acquired pneumonia. According to Saubolle, McKeller & Sussland (2007), only 29% of 56 people who had community-acquired pneumonia were diagnosed of coccidioidomycosis.
The exact ...

Introducing evidence-based practice

Part 1
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a lung infection that is usually brought about by a critically ill patient being fitted with mechanical ventilators which are beneficial for their breathing system. The condition has been identified as a major factor contributing to morbidities and mortalities amongst patients in the acute care settings. Additionally, individuals who acquire VAP while in the critical unit stay longer in the hospital a factor which adversely impacts on their satisfaction levels and outcomes. The ventilators fitted onto these critically ill patients may be helpful in addressing their breathing problems even though there are challenges ...

Antimicrobial agents can be categorized as antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, or antiviral agents because each group is used to treat infections caused by bacteria, fungus, parasites or viruses. Further classifications within those categories are used to differentiate between agents effective against specific pathogens. For example, aminoglycosides are primarily used to treat gram-negative infections while antianaerobic agents are used to cure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria and anaerobic infections (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013).
Viral and bacterial infections are different, but the differences between them are not always obvious. As a general rule, bacterial infections usually manifest as strep throat, urinary tract infections, ...

Abstract

The paper discusses the life of Alphonse Gabriel Capone a famous and powerful crime mob operating in Chicago. His nicknames were Al Capone or Scarface his influence began in 1925 after the demise of his mentor James Torrio. He gained power through selling of illegal liquor and from there he ventured into other operations like prostitution, gambling, and racketeering to expand his influence. He also bribed politicians and legal authorities to enable him carry out operations without legal interference. However, after the valentine day massacre, which he is thought to be behind, he was pursued by the authorities who caught ...

Research paper

Abstract
The research paper deals with correlation of asthma risk among adults in Finland as a result of infant RSV bronchiolitis and reduced respiratory health-related quality of life after RSV pneumonia. The research includes the patients participated in different kinds of clinical study such as measurement of lung function, skin prick test, doctor examination, etc. The research group stated the problem to follow up the sequelae of the respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV LRTI) from infant age with asthma, atopy, and lung function in adulthood. The researchers used several tests to give the statistics for the ...

Glossary

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-COPD
Air pollutants- the particles that pollute air
Asthma- This is a chronic lung ailment, which causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways.
Biomass-this is a biological material that is obtained from living organisms, particularly plant-based
Particulate matter- this term refers to the assortment of solid particles and liquid drips found in the air
Introduction
Air pollution refers to the introduction of biological molecules and other dangerous materials into the globe’s atmosphere, causing diseases and eventual deaths. In addition, the damage is extended to other living organisms such as crops. Most ...

In this paper, I will compare and contrast two international funding programs, which majorly support health services in the developing countries. For the purpose of this assignment, I will compare and contrast Population Service International (PSI) and AIDS Relief, which are both international organizations funding health related programs in developing economies.

PSI at a Glance

It is a global health organization aimed at improving the health standards of people in the developing economies. The organization majorly focuses on challenges such as family planning, HIV and AIDS, health risks associated with children less than five years such as diarrhea, malaria, pneumonia, and malnutrition, and barriers ...

Introduction

As people grow older there are certain biological and cognitive changes that take place in the body. The human body experiences decreased capabilities in its respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, neural and urinary functions. Due to the adverse challenges that the elderly face in their later life, it would be great for the various scientists and experts to come together and research more on the theories of aging or the causes of aging. They can come up with more treatments that will increase the immunity system of the old people. This way the older people are able to live their last ...

Abstract

Ethical dilemmas occur across disciplines and cultures. Many times they are so intense that people take to the courts for what they perceive as justice. However, ethics regarding many life issues are so sensitive that even court rulings still leave parties dissatisfied with the ethical outcomes. In the following pages of this document the writer will examine an ethical issue facing society for which controversial opinions have been offered based on cultural beliefs emerging from religious orientations, egotistical dispositions; greed and merely a desire to contend. Questions are always asked about the right to die and the right to live. ...

COPD is a medical condition that is characterized by alteration in lung parenchyma, bronchitis, emphysema and narrowing of the respiratory passages. It occurs as a consequence to chronic inflammation reaction involving the respiratory tract. The mucous secretion and fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation, can cause blockage and narrowing of the airway. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the lung, while, emphysema is a clinical condition that occurs following the long term destruction of lung parenchyma. Bronchitis and emphysema are both characteristic features of COPD. Destruction of lung parenchyma causes loss of alveolar attachment and decreases the ...

Respiratory Care related topic and the role of AARC

Postoperative pulmonary complications
Postoperative pulmonary complications such as pneumonia, atelectasis, and respiratory failure are among the commonly encountered problems in the respiratory care. Upper-abdominal surgical procedures are found to have an association with increased level of complications, followed by thoracic surgery and lower-abdominal surgery. Usually, preoperative and postoperative respiratory therapies are used to prevent or treat the problem of atelectasis – which is the collapse of an expanded lung, and failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth – and to improve the airway clearance. The chances of complications as well as its severity can be decreased by using therapeutic procedures ...

Healthcare associated infections (HAIs) are complications that occur while patients undergo treatment and are often associated with invasive procedures and devices. According to Magill et al. (2014), about 721,800 HAIs occurred in acute care settings in 2011 with the top five types of infections being pneumonia, gastrointestinal infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), bloodstream infection, and surgical site infection (SSI). However, most HAIs are preventable through adherence to prevention standards and the implementation of related programs. The purpose of this paper is to explore current HAI standards and HAI prevention programs.

Standards

The “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections ...

Menkes syndrome(MD), alias kinky hair disease, results is abnormal copper metabolism in the body. The leading clinical findings have revealed its symptoms as short, curly, twisted, coarse, whitish, or gray hair, eyelashes, and eyebrows. MD is one among the uncommon neurogenerative maladies caused by the mutations in ATP7A gene. This particular gene is responsible for coding copper-transporting ATPase in cell organelles. Many copper-dependent enzymes go dud resulting in low concentration and accumulation in some tissues.
Individuals affected with MD accumulate excess copper levels in kidneys and intestines while the concentration remains low in brain and liver. It results ...

Nosocomial infections are infections acquired by patients and staff within a hospital or other health care settings. The World Health Organization (WHO, 2002) defined nosocomial infection as an infection acquired by a patient in a health care facility who was admitted for a different reason than the infection, and which must not be present or incubating at the time of admission. It may be alternately defined as any infection that develops 48 hours after admission or within 48 hours after the patient has been discharged (Shaikh et al., 2008). These infections are also referred to as healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) (Calfee, 2012).
Nosocomial ...

Darline Stvictor-Viau

Molloy College
Abstract
Lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the United States today. While smoking is a significant risk factor, there are other causes of the disease. Second-hand smoke, exposure to radon gas and asbestos, and possibly other environmental contaminants act in conjunction with gender and ethnicity to result in a diagnosis of lung cancer. Numbers indicate that more non-smokers are being diagnosed with lung cancer at this time than non-smokers due to development of the disease after cessation. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly extend the life of the lung cancer patient while studies continue seeking ...

Approach to reading a chest radiograph

An initial assessment is done to ensure that the radiograph belongs to the patient. According to Moskowitz (2011), once the initial assessment is done, the technical quality of the radiograph is determined. This entails assessing parameters such as rotation of the patient, exposure of the film and inspiratory effort of the patient. Moskowitz (2011) notes that rotations may in most cases symbolize abnormalities in the cardiac contour and can result in erroneous diagnoses. To make certain that the patient is not rotated the position of the medial ends of the clavicles needs to be equidistance from the spinous process. ...

Health Care

Health Care Expenditures Attributable to Smoking
In the United States alone, there are about 440,000 individuals who die annually of smoking related diseases (Pubmed). According to the U.S Department of Health and Human Services, recent studies linked cigarette smoking to a numerous other diseases to include abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, cervical cancer, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, pneumonia, periodontitis, and stomach cancer. “These are in addition to diseases previously known to be caused by smoking, including bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, and throat cancers, chronic lung diseases, coronary heat and cardiovascular diseases, as well as reproductive ...

Research shows that around 30, 000 Americans have Cystic Fibrosis with over 1000 new cases diagnosed every year. Analysts suggest that it occurs evenly to both the females and males and affects generally every race. This condition is more common among the white babies. One in every 3,200 live white births in comparison to one in every 3,900 live births amongst all Americans appear to be suffering from the condition. At the age of three, most patients are diagnosed and only ten percent of the most recent cases are usually by age eighteen and above (Children’s ...

HIV/AIDS could be considered an incurable disease that fosters both health complications and discrimination or isolation to befall on the patient. People who are not familiar with the signs and symptoms of the disease, as well as its effect on the patient, would find HIV/AIDS patients as an epidemic that must be avoided at all costs due to the chances of being inflicted with just a touch. Some groups would even blame HIV/AIDS patients due to their influence on the country’s economic and social development. However, this negative outlook and deliberate attempt to blame HIV/AIDS patients to isolate them ...

Perhaps smoking is one of the most well-known types of using drugs. Since it is legal in most countries, it is very much patronized by people of all ages, shapes, sizes and gender. Young and old alike just love the sensation of having a smoke. According to Health Literacy World, there are various reasons why people smoke. For teens, they love smoking because of the pressure from other friends who smoke, they want to be accepted, or they want to look mature. Adults have different reasons. One of the most common reasons is that they want to get over the ...

Air pollution

Introduction
Air pollution can be defined as the introduction of particulate matter, chemicals or biological materials into the atmosphere that cause diseases, discomfort or even death to human beings and also cause damage to the other living organism like the food crops and the microorganisms. The atmosphere is a composite and dynamic gaseous system which is very crucial in supporting life on the Earth planet. The stratospheric depletion of the ozone layer that is caused by air pollution has been classified as a threat to the health of human beings and the ecosystems of Earth. According to the report on ...

REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Abstract
The research paper is on two of the organ systems. The discussion will be the reproductive and respiratory systems. The research will include the effects of the two body systems on the skin. The discussion will involve a brief description of reproduction and respiratory systems. In addition, the organs involved in the two systems will be discussed. The function of the systems and their organs will also be discussed. The health operations of reproduction and respiratory systems will be included in the discussion. Moreover, the pathologies, diseases and disorders that can cause effects on the skin are covered ...

Nursing, like other professions is inundated with her own practise issues. These issues are of a major concern to nurses, to administrators, to the health care team, patients and even the whole populace. These issues have dire consequences on the image of nursing and are capable of affecting the quality of service rendered by nurses negatively. Some of the practice issues in nursing include work related injuries, nursing shortages, chemical dependence and nurse-to-patient ratios to mention a few. However, this paper will X-ray the issue of nursing shortages.
Nursing shortages is a global phenomenon as it affects the highly industrialised countries ...

Smoke Inhalation

Smoke inhalational injury is the most prominent cause of death in patients involved in fire accidents. It has been said that prevalence of death due to inhalation of smoke and other noxious substances stands between 60 and 80% in the United States. (Lafferty, 2010). Smoke inhalational injury remains a serious threat to the health of victims of explosions, house fires and other forms of fire disaster. (Murakami & Traber, 2002)
In the Pathophysiology of acute and chronic Smoke Inhalational Injury, three mechanisms readily come into mind. They include thermal damage of the lung parenchyma, pulmonary irritation and asphyxiation. (Lafferty, 2010).
...

Since prehistoric times our tools for manufacturing have become a lot more sophisticated. In the same way, since the beginning of the Industrial Age the world’s technologies have been continually improving. Hundreds of different entrepreneurs and companies have invented their own models of high- tech products such as smart phones, durable vehicles and computers. Consumers enjoy and buy these products. Companies compete to develop new models as fast as they can. However there is a downside to all the new technology. When factories do not take measures to protect the environment, the waste products produced by manufacturing have a very bad ...

Background and Significance

Influenza, a viral infectious disease caused by influenza viruses, primarily affect the respiratory system and result in hospitalization and death among both the young and the elderly, as well as the pregnant women and chronically ill; epidemics cause an average of 25,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. (1).
The human influenza virus has three types: Type A, type B, and type C. Influenza A has subtypes, classified by surface antigens, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Influenza A has 16 different hemagglutinin subtypes and 9 different neuraminidase subtypes and strains have a nomenclature of H (1-16) N (1-9) ( ...

Sarcoidosis is one of the most mysterious diseases the medical profession has witnessed in its history. It’s a glaucomatous disease characterized by small growths and lumps that produce swellings and tissue inflammations in any part of the body. This disease was discovered about 100 years ago by two dermatologists working independently. Dr. Jonathan Hutchinson in England and Dr. Caesar Boeck in Norway. Sarcoidosis is among the top misdiagnosed illnesses and is not well understood. This disease appears as an inflammation in any part of the body although its more prevalent in the lungs or lymph nodes. No one yet ...