Insomnia College Essays Samples For Students

Insomnia is considered to be a sleep disorder that is characterized by insufficient duration or poor quality of sleep or a combination of these phenomena over a significant period of time. The absolute duration, the quantity of ours spent while sleeping is not critical factor, since different people have a different normal, sufficient duration of sleep.

Causes of insomnia can be very different: a strong overwork, too bright and noisy room where a person is supposed to sleep, various diseases, etc. A negative effect on sleep structure also has shift work and air travel with the change of time zone. Diagnosis of insomnia should be ...

(Author)
William Dement, the co-discoverer of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep and pioneering sleep researcher, once said: “As far as I know, the only reason we need to sleep that is really, really solid is because we get sleepy.”
It was a common perception for a long time that sleep is a kind of passive state taken by human body for the rest of the body and mind. However, this is an old theory and cannot be considered as a mature scientific concept as it is basically stating that the body needs rest so that it may rest. With the passage ...

Sleep Deprivation: Are Chronically Tired People at Greater Health Risk? is an article from the February 2010 edition of the CQ Researcher journal. The article is written by Clemmitt Marcia and published by the CQ press. Sleep deprivation is a condition that occurs when an individual fails to get enough sleep. Though the amount of sleep that a person needs varies from person to person, adults require 7 hours of sleep on average to feel well rested and alert. Teens want approximately 8 hours while children requisite nightly sleep of more depending on their age. This paper shall comprehensively elucidate the ...

Insomnia is a health condition that manifests itself through difficulty in falling asleep or falling asleep but failing to stay asleep for a reasonable time. Medics employ two classes of categorizations for insomnia, these are, the cause and the duration. The former class includes primary and secondary insomnia while the latter class includes acute and chronic. Primary insomnia relates to sleeping problems that cannot be related to any health conditions while the secondary insomnia is the sleeping problems which can be related to a particular health condition. On the other hand, acute insomnia lasts for a limited duration say two weeks while chronic ...

Insomnia is a disorder in which victims lack sleep or rather are unable to sleep for as long as they can. The disorder may also be referred to as sleeplessness. This disorder can be characterized as a symptom or sign that occurs due to sleep, medical and psychiatric disorders brought about by poor quality of sleep. The insomnia disorder may occur at any stage of life or rather at any age but it is mostly found in elderly people. There are several types of insomnia which can be classified as: transient insomnia, acute insomnia and chronic insomnia (Morin and Colin, 43). ...

Psychotherapeutic agents are the pillars to disease treatment and symptoms alleviations. The major factors considered when choosing a suitable psychotherapeutic agency are safety, efficacy, and tolerability. This paper evaluates psychotherapeutic agents in view of the case of MM, a 60 year old African American female who presented at a clinic with three months lack of sleep. She works in a high stress environment as a chemical engineer. Tests and readings conducted revel the patients BP is 156/80, T = 98.8, SpO2 = 99%, TSH = 3.4, cholesterol = 200 mg/dl, LDL = 128 and HDL = 40mg/dl. She commonly experiences gastroesophageal reflux (manifested as heartburn) and indigestion after eating food. ...

The popular group "The Eagles" in their hit song "Hotel California" has a line” . . . some dance to remember, some dance to forget." This to a given extent helps define Matthew Dickman's "Slow Dance" which seeks out an active oblivion of forgetting within a moment of transcendence that is graced with novelty and rareness. The tonality of the poem hints that ghosts past, relationships past, mistakes, repetitions, mundane trivialities need to be forgotten within this "opportunity to dance with really exquisite strangers. (3-4)” Indeed this need is more important than scientific progress, personal resolutions, or empty actions like "to bring the car around ...

Some drugs that may be considered as of one aspect may fall into another category where their use is totally altered by the user. This is because they may change the effects on the user due to the way in which they may be used and the body type reaction they may cause. For example Cannabis/Marijuana has different effects on the user depending on how it will be used, it is generally considered as depressant but the effects may cause it to be termed a hallucinogen when used in large quantities that cause a different type of reaction on the user.
...

Insomnia

Introduction
Insomnia is the condition in which sleep disorder takes place and reduces the tendency to fall sleep. It also effects the duration that an individual is required to stay asleep in order to stay healthy. This condition occurs due to the daytime sleepiness, anxiety and depressed mood. However, scholars have also argued that the frequency of inadequate lifestyle can be a cause of the increasing rate of insomnia. It is observed that the occurrence of insomnia can range from short-term, long-term and periodic basis, and can result in life threatening situations if it is left untreated (Bonnet & Arand, ...

Intervention Plan

Abstract
In this paper the intervention report will help to analyze the treatment for insomnia. The use of proper sleep log is presented in this report to judge the results of the interventions. The problems of routine life are mentioned in it. Also, the reasons for the increase of the effects of problem on personal life are discussed in the paper. It is mentioned in this report that the use of appropriate diet, sleep hygiene, exercises and relaxation therapies can bring change in the sleeping habits. It can improve the sleeping hours and the overall work performance. The results ...

Homeopathic treatment for Insomnia (sleeplessness)

Homeopathy is considered as an alternative medicine practice compared to modern (allopathy) practice. The concept of homeopathy relates to pseudoscience wherein the treatment of an illness is not part of a scientific rationale but the normal recovery of the person. Homeopathy was first introduced by Samuel Hahnemann in 1796 and has been used since then as an alternative treatment for many acute and chronic illnesses. Some researchers suggest that homeopathic medications or agents act like placebo in terms of modern medicine, wherein the recovery or cure of the illness is not due to the medication itself but part of ...

A common sleep disorder amongst people is insomnia. Insomniacs have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep and perhaps both. This results in a lack of sleep or too little sleep that causes the person to remain tired and exhausted because of sleep deprivation. There are two main kinds of insomnia; acute and chronic. Acute insomnia is short term whereas chronic insomnia is long-term. Acute insomnia is common amongst people, and it can occur due to work overload, stress, tension, a traumatic event in life and family pressure, etc. This kind of insomnia does not last for more than a few ...

ATTENTION GETTER: Author Thomas Dekker once said that “sleep is that golden chain that ties health and our bodies together” (“Thomas Dekker”). True enough, good sleep is an important factor in the achievement of good health; thus, everybody longs for it. For those who struggle to get a good sleep, sleeping drugs or sleeping pills become their only source of hope. Sleeping drugs help to take away ordinariness of daily routine and allow obtaining sound sleep. An ideal sleeping pill should induce good quality and indistinguishable sleep experience. Unfortunately, modern drugs do not produce this result, and in fact, ...

Health Problems

Insomnia
I have been having unclear memories of even events that took place the previous day. The loss of memory started just a month ago but seems to be increasing because I realized that now can hardly remember occurrences of a few hours ago. I have been also feeling very nervous for no apparent reason. My conscience always puts me at a feeling that something bad is about to happen for reasons unknown to me. Whenever I am slightly scared it develops in to a major depression that takes me days to recover from and I later experience nothing bad happening at ...

Fight Club is novel written by Palahniuk Chuck. It centers on an unknown Narrator, who works as a specialist (product recall) for an anonymous car company. His job is very demanding and causes him a lot of stress. He develops insomnia due to the jet lags as a result of the frequent business trips. The narrator goes to seek treatment where he meets a doctor who encourages him to attend a testicular cancer victim’s supports group. This is to help him understand what real suffering feels like. The narrator even though he does not have testicular cancer decides to follow the doctor’s ...

One-Way Experimental Designs

Any research study involves a progressive observation and manipulation of the involved factors as a way of deriving out the essential information which is considerably essential in making a precise decision. In this research study, the researcher had his target on patients who were suffering insomnia or lack of sleep condition. Subsequently, these patients formed the sample for the research. These patients were subsequently subjected to some form of placebo treatment involving application of milk powder tablets (Doghramji, 2007).

One dependent variable can be seen to apply in this research study. Occurrence of insomnia is linked to form of treatment the patient ...

Social media has now become the medium for connecting to friends, family and even people from the workplace; this has become more so now that access to social media is increasingly mobile. Statistics show that 76% of internet users are on social media and 70% logon to Facebook at least once a day . People between the ages of 18-40 use social media more than others. But why do people spend so much time on social media? What does excessive involvement in virtual social networking mean for the actual social lives of people? This essay will argue that while social ...

[Client’s name]
[Institutional Affiliations]

There were several tests made to test the patient’s neuropsychological and personality state. And there are several moments that may look like a situational stress reaction. Since, there were several aspects in the test that make to stop and think. Actually, in the given case stress in not a diagnoses, it may be one of the reasons of some possible disorders. For example, although the patient has average superior level of Perceptual Reasoning (Lichtenberger & Kaufman, 2013), she has troubles with “reading” cards of the test. Judging from the facts, listed by the patient, ...

INTERVENTION CASE STUDY REPORT

John Smith is a 34-year old White American, a U.S. Veteran, who is single and has no children. John rents a one-bedroom apartment in San Jose, CA, and runs own private security company that brings him stable average income. John’s presenting symptoms are persistent mild anxiety experienced daily, occasional insomnia that happens twice a month and lasts for about two days, at least one or two vivid war-related nightmares each month, social withdrawal, mistrust to people and reluctance to discuss painful events that caused his illness. John’s PTSD causes constant mood swings and lack of self-confidence that ...

Following the American Psychological Association’s Guidelines

We have all been in a position before bedtime, where our head begins to sag, our eyelids begin to droop, and we feel ourselves fall asleep. The end of the day has come and we are ready for bed. The difference between most of us is that some will want to leave their televisions on, while others will want to turn them off. There is so much noise around us all the time, it is hard it is sometimes hard to imagine falling asleep in a silent room but many do it every night. Furthermore, they want to do it. They ...

The Behavior to be changed

Several individuals suffer from sleep disorder. The disorder may result from sleeplessness, or the inability to sleep for long periods. Consequently, several individuals have resorted to sleeping pills to help them to sleep. Lately, I have been sleeping late and the condition has developed to the point that it feels normal, this has resulted in sleeplessness in the early hours of the night.

Behavior Assessment

Sleeping does not come easily to me, unless induced by the use of some medication. For example, I have to go to bed, twist and turn several times, until late into the night. Mostly, I sleep ...

This paper summarizes a session I had with a patient in which I employed solution focused brief therapy (SFBT). The patient in question is a 46-year old female who is a marketing executive at a local arts center. She has been struggling with insomnia after a stressful event at her work. This meeting was the first as I had not met the client before. Since that was the first meeting, I had no earlier set goals, but after the first session, the main goal was to restore the client’s wellbeing (avert insomnia).
The engineers of SFBT developed this theory initially in an inner ...

Sleep is an essential component of an individual‘s health and well being. Sleep is a biological system that ensures the body rebuilds itself. The duration of sleep is important in the promotion of attention send other cognitive processes. The period where one is awake takes a toll on the physical and the cognitive ability. Through sleep, physiological changes within the individual work in the repair. Scientific research indicates that sleep also increases mortality. There is a sufficient duration, continuity and intensity of sleep affects an individual. Insomnia is a disease that is associated with sleep deprivation. The lack of sleep proves to ...

‘Fight club’ is David Fincher directed movie which is based on acclaimed novel written by Chuk Palahniuk in the year 1996. The movie is not for everybody but it is for certain kind of readers. The movie as the novel relies on the accounts of an unpredictable narrator who suffers from insomnia. Tyler Durden, the narrator gets inspiration from his doctor who said him that insomnia is not any problem but does not hesitate from getting sympathy of several people by impersonating himself as a severely sick person. This paper intends to discuss the movie and its character, Tyler Durden ...

Major depression is another term for clinical depression and is characterized by mood changes. It is a serious mental disorder that may be a single episode or a chronic condition affecting the lifestyle of the individual by taking away his interest in pleasurable activities. People who suffer from this condition have a sense of hopelessness and despair. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, about 6.7% of the U.S. population aged over 18 are affected by major depression and approximately 20% to 25% of adults may have suffered an episode of major depression in their lifetime .
Three types of causes have ...

Parkinson’s disease lacks a cure but certain medicines can help manage the symptoms. These medications function to offer a substitute for dopamine, the signaling neurotransmitter in the brain.
Carbidopa-levodopa is hitherto the most effective medicine to manage Parkinson’s disease. This chemical moves to the brain and is converted to dopamine. The chemical levodopa is mixed with carbidopa preventing it from being converted to dopamine prematurely out of the brain hence potential side effects such as nausea are lessened. Potential side effects with this medication however include orthostatic hypotension or feeling light headed and nausea. With continued use ...

Patient initials: MK Age: 60 Sex: M

Care Plan
Subjective
MK, the patient presents with a chief complaint of decreased urinary flow but has also had troublesome nocturia for the last two weeks as well as significant terminal dysuria.
History of present illness: Patients states that in the past day he has had significant difficulties especially in starting his urine flow and this has affected his ability to enrage in normal daily activities. Patient denies radiating pain.
Patient history: Patient has had a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, costochondritis, as well as suspected angina characterized by chest wall syndrome which was however treated.

Significant family history: There is also a probable positive family history for cardiovascular or heart diseases

Objective:
Patient is a ...

Care Plan

Subjective
The patient presents at the clinic complaining of nocturia, decreased urinary flow, decreased flow as well as terminal dysuria. TG states that the symptoms have been persistent for the last two years but the last two weeks have seen a significant increase in intensity of the symptoms. TG denies any case or instance of radiated pain within the period of two weeks,

Objective:

60 year old, Hispanic male

Vital signs: BP at 140/92;

Pulse rate: 80;
Temperature: 99.0
Weight = 200 pounds; height = 71”, BMI = 27.9

Patient Hx for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, costochondritis, suspected angina, possible family history of heart disease in the family

Patient denies any use of alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse
Current medication list: Cardizem 240mg QD and Zocor 20mg ...

This is a condition that shows some or all symptoms that are different other types of mood disorders. Diagnosing a person with this disorder is challenging as it presents assorted or some of the symptoms. However, the signs and symptoms can be well seen and established. Therefore, its treatment may be different because researchers know little about the disorder. Any person who suspects to be suffering from the disorder is advised to undergo psychotherapy.
In respect to pathophysiology, there is no identified cause of the unspecified depressive disorder. This is because it is uncategorized and most of its causes ...

Part 1. Psychological Report Based on Case Study

ENTER TITLE/TYPE OF YOUR REPORT [OPTIONAL]
DSM-5 Case Number: F 32.1 MDD single episode. Moderate

Age: 33 years old

“Psychologist”: YOUR NAME (STUDENT NUMBER)
Referral
Ms. Smith is an African American homemaker; she referred to the therapist because of inability to cope with the feelings of hopelessness, weakness, and sadness preventing her from lading a normal life and handling family and home issues. She needed someone to discuss that with, and was also recommended to find professional mental health assistance by her husband.

Presenting Problems

Ms. Smith reported having debilitating depressive symptoms, insomnia, persistent weight loss, frequent irritability, and inability to perform her regular ...

Currently there are millions of kids in the United State of America who are on prescription drugs for ADHD, diabetes, depression and insomnia. Children are being treated with controlled medications from a young age for various behavioral problems as well. This raises some serious questions about the mental state of a large number of kids as well as the question of them being over medicated. A 2014 article by Thomas Insel for the National Institute for Medical Health states that there could be a problem of under medication and not over medication. Insel gives statistics- 10,000 toddlers receiving ...

Punishment has been meted out to individuals and groups of people or centuries for a host of reasons. It could be for an act against the state, the common good, an individual, an act of treason or a way to subdue protest or a threat to authority. The most prevalent and common form of punishment is imprisonment. The practice of imprisonment began with the formation of states or a central authority that governed over people. The state or the central authority had the right to imprison people who went against the set of rules laid out for the people. ...

Bob Marley once remarked that, “Herb is the healing of a nation, alcohol is the destruction.” This statement is reflective of many people’s views on marijuana, and it is considered the lesser evil in drug usage. Marijuana was mostly used by those who smoked it for leisure until recently when the use for medical purposes was made legal. The legalization of medical marijuana by 23 states may be ill-advised since research shows that it has significant side effects, potent risk of abuse, and little evidence to support healing factors.
According to research by pediatricians Steven Wright and Cheryl ...

Energy drinks are a comparatively new phenomenon. They appeared on the market not so long ago, but have already managed to win popularity with consumers. Their target audience is young people – strong and healthy who want and, often, need to stay awake, alert, and active for longer hours. Therefore, advertising campaigns and marketing strategies of energy drink companies aim at this age sector of the market. Producers make packaging bright and attractive; they make the taste sweet and flavored in order to appeal to young people; and they stress the characteristics which can be luring to that age category. ...

Marijuana was initially classified as a psychoactive drug and was illegal in many states and countries all over the world. However, following further research and lobbying by pro-legalization proponents, Twenty three states have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. These states are Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Washington, Washington, D.C. and Wisconsin. There has been an unending debate on the use of marijuana, its benefits and whether it should ...

Marijuana was initially classified as a psychoactive drug and was illegal in many states and countries all over the world. However, following further research and lobbying by pro-legalization proponents, many states have legalized the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. There has been an unending debate on the use of marijuana, its benefits and whether it should be legalized. In the recent past, many health professionals have attempted to review available research on the use of marijuana, its benefits, and potential side effects. Evidence available indicates that it is wrong to legalize marijuana since its use for medicinal purposes ...

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CONTACT: Office of Fraternity & Sorority Affairs

"United Way has a rich history of helping others in the community," said Rick Sunter, United Way's Regional Operations Director, "and we consider it a great opportunity to team up with OSU's historic Sigma Alpha Epsilon to socialize, eat delicious cookies, and raise money for a very good cause, the United Way."
For more than 125 years, United Way has been providing communities with everything from job training and educational opportunities to emergency assistance. Recently, the United Way of Michigan's Genesee County has been helping residents of Flint affected by its water crisis. Many residents of Flint are now ...

Introduction

Regarded are the gold standard diagnostic tool for mental disorders, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), was engineered by the American Psychiatric Association (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). This tool provides a common language, as well as, standardized criteria for the categorization of mental disorders. DSM is widely used by a host of professionals including guides researchers, clinicians, pharmaceutical firms, health insurance companies, legal entities, policy makers and other entities such as the World Health Organization during the evaluation of mental disorders (Maddux & Winstead, 2012). The most recent version of DSM was published in May 2013, and it is the ...

Abnormal psychology deals with unusual patterns of thought and behavior that are considered as a mental disorder. Scholars and prominent academicians have attempted to explain the psychological and biological causes of mental disorders. Abnormal psychology can be classified as normal, abnormal and supernormal. Clinical psychology and psychopathology are some of the branches of medicine that deal with abnormal psychology. It is a complete departure from the traditional and archaic methods of diagnosing and treating mental disorders. A case in point for these treatment methods was the trephining method. Stone Age physicians believed that evil spirits caused mental disorders. They drilled a hole ...

Heart failure is mostly described as a chronicle disease where the heart is unable to pump the blood sufficiently to the body, with other terms like congestive cardiac failure often been used interchangeably. Some of the symptoms are leg swelling, excessive tiredness and breath shortness. Breath shortage is mostly the worse since lying down and sleeping at night is difficult. Most of the common causes that lead to heart failure are blood pressure, atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease. These causes lead to failure in functioning of the heart structure mainly due to left ventricular and fain normal ejection fraction. ...

The Opium Poppy, also known as Papaver somniferum, grows mainly in dry & warm climates. The color of the flowers of this plant is red and purple and they mainly grow across southern Asia from Turkey through Pakistan and Laos, where the weather conditions are more favorable for their cultivation . In the US, it is mostly grown in South America. It belongs to family Papaveraceae, Genus Papaver, and species somniferum.
Some people may question the legality of opium poppy because as most people know, the drug derived from the flower is heroin. There is a process in which three months ...

Introduction

Palliative care focus principally on preventing, anticipating, diagnosing and managing symptoms suffered by patients with a life-threatening illness and assisting families create medically significant decisions (Lynn, 2005). The literature discuses the importance of providing age appropriate palliative care and nursing care using a palliative approach for a patient with neurodegenerative disease.

Importance of providing age appropriate care reflecting a palliative approach

Age appropriate palliative care has benefits to the patient and family members of the patient. As people age, they are prone to various chronic health problems (Weissman, 2011). For example, Parkinson's disease, which is the degenerative diseases, is one of the diseases that mostly affect the older population. Therefore, age palliative ...

Li Lok Lam Florence

It all started when I was just 13. I began to notice that my academic grades had been falling. Then, when I was 14 years old, some serious digestive problems occurred. Finally, at age 15, I was diagnosed with “clinical depression”. In the three (3) years of my topsy-turvy life, I am glad that I am now able to tell how this story unfolded in my life.
Normally, when one studies for or faces a public exam, one experiences the feelings of stress and anxiety. However, my case, as I have come to realize it, ...

Fight Club was not a novel that gained popularity immediately. However, the novel became something of a cultural sensation with the release of the film adaptation; like much of Palahniuk’s work, Fight Club is a dark, disturbing piece of literature that focuses on the less-savory aspects of human nature. Some have lambasted the novel as misogynistic, and others have misconstrued the text to support anarchy and domestic terrorism; however, much moreso than a political treatise, the text is an insight into the twisted depths of one man’s psyche, a man that should be neither pitied nor exalted; a man with demons and strengths ...

Patient Three

A 30-year-old woman presented to her Family Medicine physician with complaints of increased sweating (even in relatively cool surroundings), diarrhea, unexplained weight loss, insomnia, and feelings of anxiety. Her friends also had asked her whether she was worried, because her eyes seemed bulging out always. Her physician shook her hand and told her that everything would be okay. He noticed that her hand was shaking and her palm felt sweaty. Vital signs included a heart rate of 168, and blood pressure of 149/92. Her EKG was normal other than the rapid heart rate, and showed normally narrow QRS complexes. A ...

Introduction

Sleep apnea is a dangerous sleeping disorder that affects an individual's breathing. During sleep, breathing reduction or cessation may occur which could lead to heart problems and other medical complications when left untreated. Usually, this sleeping problem goes undetected since it happens while the patient is asleep. Thus, a physician has no way of monitoring or checking whether an individual has sleep apnea during a regular check up. Even patients are not aware that they might have sleep apnea until someone within the family notices irregular sleeping conditions.

What Causes Sleep Apnea?

Who are at Risk?
According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (n.d.), ...

15 Question Test

1. Your friend Ricardo can be easily hypnotized. He probably demonstrates the ability to become extremely relaxed, thus inducing automatic hypnosis.
2. The effects of the drug Rohypnol or "Rophies" include dizziness and disorientation, difficulty speaking or moving and blackouts if mixed with alcohol.
3. Symptoms of withdrawal from nicotine include insomnia and cramps.
4. Bobby has attention deficit disorder. He is given Ritalin because hyperactivity may be connected with immaturity of the central nervous system, and Ritalin stimulates the nervous system to exercise control over more primitive centers in the brain.
...

Family Health Assessment

Gordon's 11 functional health patterns

a) Values, health perception
i. What values have been central in promoting the well-being of the family?
ii. What behavior patterns in the family increase your susceptibility to diseases?
b) Nutrition
i. On average how many glasses of water does each family member consume each day?
ii. What does a normal meal include in the family?
c) Sleep/Rest
i. Does any member of the family suffer from sleep disorders?
ii. Does any member of the family experience fatigue despite of having adequate sleep during the night.
d) Elimination
...

In Fight Club (Fincher, 1999), the unnamed narrator (Edward Norton) is shaken up from his upper-middle class life of white-bread malaise by an anarchistic, charismatic figure named Tyler Durden (Brad Pitt), with whom he starts a series of unlicensed boxing clubs. These clubs are meant to shake up the meaningless, droll lives of disenfranchised men who do not get the chance to be masculine anymore. Fight Club addresses issues of masculinity and consumerism, while determining whether or not the kind of extreme philosophy Durden espouses is the right answer.

“We’re a generation of men raised by women,” says Durden in ...

Abstract

Back pain is considered as one of the most common medical problems in America. Various literature and research findings reveal that, out of ten Americans, at least eight will experience back pain at some point in their life. This paper critically analyzes back pain as a medical problem, highlighting its traditional and alternative medical options. Various credible sources of information are critically analyzed herein, in an endeavor to develop the skills of rational evaluation of the medical information.

Introduction

Back pain ranges from a dull ache to a sudden sharp pain that makes movement not easy. It starts quickly as a result of muscle ...