Stimulus Reports Samples For Students

BIOL 3810.506

Compound Action Potential of the Bullfrog Sciatic Nerve
TA: Vinoo Urity
Introduction
One of the primary and unique characteristics of action potential is that it can be “simultaneously elicited in every axion through electrical stimulation.” This scenario is referred to as CAP (compound action potential) which is artificial, collective nerve response. The action potential amplitude for every individual axon does not change alongside stimulus intensity, but increases alongside the CAP amplitude at higher stimulus voltage which includes other axons existing within the same nerve reaching their own threshold.

Materials and Methods

In this experiment, the sciatic nerve is removed from a frog ...

Introduction

In classical conditioning of behavior, acquisition results from the pairing of Conditional Stimulus (CS) like tone with the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) like shock. This is performed through several trials resulting in the capability of the CS to induce a new behavior described as Conditioned Response (CR) which is similar to the Unconditioned Response (UR). In the experiment of Sniffy Pro, CS’s available are Bell, Tone and Light.

Method

1. The experiment was run on Sniffy to receive 10 pairings of tone CS of medium-intensity coupled with shock US of medium-intensity.
2. New file is opened on the menu and “ ...

Abstract

The study uses the Posner paradigm to determine whether the condition of the cue can affect the reaction time of the subject. Most importantly is that the eye movement was prohibited. Using the data of 143 subjects, the ANOVA method and Bonferroni corrections, we have found out that the condition does influence the reaction time, however the difference between the cues is not significant Nonetheless the reaction time was far off from the target 100 ms due to inexperience and not understanding of the task set before the subjects. The results of the study have shown us two processes ...

Introduction

Of the over 6, species of anthozoans found worldwide, the northern Gulf of Mexico only has a few, Renilla mulleri is one of these. Commonly known as the “sea pansy” the Renilla mulleri is an anthozoan colony characterized by elongated white polyps that are vividly luminescent when handled in the dark. Under stimulus, these waves of luminescence move concentrically across the colony. Other characteristics include a short peduncle, which anchors to the substratum and makes distinct trails in the mud and the ability of the colony to use water to inflate itself.. It can be differentiated from the Renilla reniformis by ...

Introduction

In classical conditioning of behavior, spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of the Conditional Response (CR) that was extinguished previously. This is followed by the acquisition and extinction which involves first describing the Conditional Response and then deriving Conditional Stimulus (CS) and later, eliminating the conditional response by disassociating the conditional stimulus from unconditional stimulus.

Method

1. The file of experiment 2, Extinction was opened and from the experiment menu, “Remove Sniffy from Time Out” was selected. This removed Sniffy from the chamber and left it in the home cage for 1 day. OK button was pressed on the prompted dialogue ...

Introduction

The neurophysiology of nerve pulses in the cell were the subject of the online laboratory experiment in order to better understand neuron communication from inside a cell to the outside of a cell. One of the incredible characteristics of the nervous system is its capability to communicate due to the existence of neurons. Neurons show a measurable response to their environment by producing an electrical signal. We can smell due to olfactory sensory neurons that can directly react to perfume, food or anything with an odor; these odors are the sensory stimuli. The function of the receptor potential is to trigger an ...

Psychology: An Experiment carried Out to Prove the Weber’s Just Noticeable Difference by Using Varying Line Lengths as Stimulus.

Introduction
The Weber’s law is sometimes called the difference threshold law or just the difference threshold. However, several scholars also refer to it as the noticeable difference. The noticeable difference is what is termed as the total amount of stimulus intensity that should be changed in order to produce or give a significant variation in the sensory organs; nonetheless, it is a condition that is also termed as the experience of the sensory systems (Kollmeier, Brand & Meyer, 2008).
Ernst Weber was a 19th century and experimental psychologists whose works related to were quite reputable in various topics of ...

Farmingville/ Social work

Introduction
The world is evolving economically and socially as people try to adjust to the increase population and cultural changes. Farmingville is an example of the areas that give a proper reflection of the situation the world is undergoing. The community is undergoing constant change and the dynamic society has to adjust to these changes. Many people in the society are trying to make ends meet in tough situations. The situation at Farmingville can be explained using the human behaviour theories. The theories can be directly linked to the day to day problems and experiences of the people of ...

The Democratic Party has proposed a fiscal policy keen to enhance both economic growth and development. The policy advocates for tax cuts and increased government spending on healthcare, education, increased unemployment benefits and infrastructure (OTTERMAN, 2012). They have therefore based their arguments on Keynes economic theory which seeks government to intervene in the economy so as to stimulate aggregate demand, control inflation and increase employment opportunities. The reduction in tax cuts is made to increase disposable income a move which may encourage people to spend. The government increased expenditure in health, education, and infrastructure seeks to make Americans more productive and ...

Abstract

The phenomenon of apparent motion occurs when two stimuli are separated by a flash or a blank in which the brain creates the effect of movement. It can be compared to the effects of moving pictures, for example, in which a series of still photographs are put together in such a way that the image appears to be moving. The purpose of this research is to assess the phenomenon of apparent motion in terms of the interstimulus interval, the gap between two stimuli that most accurately conveys movement to the perceiver. The study used five different dot spacings, and ...

Introduction

Pain is an essential part of the body’s defense system which is perceived as an unpleasant feeling. Pain produces a quick warning to the central nervous system to start motor response as a minimization of harm. Lack of pain perception is dangerous can cause grave problems such as Auto-amputation, corneal scarring or self-mutilation. Researchers in the medical profession have distinguished between pain and what is known as nociception. Nociception occurs when signals get to the central nervous system as a result of the activation of nociceptors (Svokos & Goldstein, 2009). Nociceptors are special sensory receptors which relay information regarding tissue damage. Pain ...

The Current Situation of the House of Lords

The House of Lords recently was challenged with negative publicity after the scandalous video of the former Lord and Chairman of Committee in the Lords, John Sewel, who was caught sniffing cocaine and indulging in immoral acts with three prostitutes according to the report of The Sun (Moyes, 2015).
The scandalous report was followed with news questioning the travel allowances of about 20 peers in the House of Lords ranging from GBP 100,000 – GBP 200,000 each for five years even if they do not actively participate in the debate (Swinford, Wilkinson, and Leet, 2015).
Some defended that ...

Introduction

The integumentary system is made up of the skin together with other accessory structures including nails, hair, as well as glands. The four major functions that are done by the integumentary system include protection, production of vitamin D, sensation, and temperature regulation (Bailey). The integumentary system offers protection of the body against ultraviolet light and abrasion while preventing dehydration as a result of water loss and entry of pathogens into the body (Seeley, Stephens and Tate).
The skin possesses numerous receptors that make it also function as a sensory organ. The receptors are usually referred to as free or encapsulated ...

- Introduction
According to Bushman and Hussmann (2000), exposing children of very young ages to television results in them turning into aggressive adults. Violence in the movies can cause increased levels of aggression in children leading to a condition called trait aggressiveness, which manifests in the long term.
Violent video games are becoming to be considered as components of antisocial media-based socialization. This is a fairly new entertainment media. However, it has begun to impact kids so much that it has also led to shooting in schools.
This paper shall focus on the impacts of violent video games ...

Abstract

Memory span is the longest word that can be recalled by an individual correctly in the right order. This experiment aimed at determining the memory span for a number of students by presenting items of varying length each for a second. The subjects were then allowed to rename the items as they had appeared. The stimulus that was made up of numbers gave the highest score of 6.9714 while long words gave the shortest disorder manually. In conclusion, memory span is greatly dependent on the kind of items that are to be recalled. When the items are made of numbers, the memory span is greater ...

Abstract

The Stroop effect involves demonstrating a longer reaction time inherent in performing a more complicated task. The effects of conflict processing on reaction time is thought to be significant; the higher the level of conflict processing, the longer it takes for someone to react to that conflict. The current study measures response times based on four different exercises involving the reading of numbers and row length. The third exercise includes two levels of complexity (counting and number identification), as opposed to a single level of complexity with the remaining exercises. Eight pairs of subjects are tested for reaction time based on these ...

Abstract

The current study measures response times based on four different exercises involving the reading of numbers and row length. The Stroop effect is measured using mean reaction times to each sheet, and the t-tests for each comparison are calculated. According to the results, response time measurably decreases when order and number are shuffled.

Introduction

Cognitive conflict processing involves the selection of one stimulus among competing stimuli, requiring the ability to selectively attend to particular features in an environment. The Stroop effect is an experiment that is intended to determine one's ability to ignore conflicting stimuli while focusing on one single ...

Psychology:

In the past century, a number various articles have been published on subliminal perception and subliminal persuasions. Researchers throughout the world agree on a number of well documented findings and also argue about the most recent findings. It is well known that subliminal persuasion is quite controversial and hence a subject of much discussion. Despite numerous findings demonstrating effects of subliminal perception, many people still argue that it does not exist. For instance , drew the conclusion that subliminal perception had never been reliably demonstrated which led some scholars to argue on the belief that we might be influenced by the factors which ...

Joseph Stiglitz born in 1943 is a well renowned American economist and currently works at the Columbia University as a professor. He has published numerous books on world economies and affairs and personal articles on several issues such as management of globalization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and free market economists. It is no doubt that Stiglitz is one the most referenced economists currently in the globe today. In this piece of work, I will highlight Joseph Stiglitz’s article titled, The Economic Outrage of 2010: Cowardly leaders failed to help working people and coddled the rich

It is essential to ...

Abstract

The study of cognition has experienced fast growth in the last decade. This topic is elemental both to the science of psychology and to its relevance in real world predicaments. Yet there has conventionally been an enormous fissure between basic research discoveries in this area and practice in the field. Experimental Cognitive Psychology and Its Applications aspire to bridge this gap by bringing together a group of discerned experimental psychologists who show how their findings can be applied in daily life. Attention has been focused on this paper as a sub domain of cognitive psychology. It solves the problem of information ...

Abstract

This research was carried out with the aim of comparing rather simultaneous stimuli and proving that perceiving the temporal order is a vital part in the performance of tasks. However, it aimed to show the factors that lead to us being unable to make the right perception by the inclusion of irrelevant events in the visual field. It was conducted by recording the various readings that were collected from the behavioural index of the observers in the static distractor environments and in isolation.
This research was carried out by 9 psychology undergraduates from the University of Western Sydney who ...

Introduction

In the present paper, we present the findings received in two experiments conducted in class. Both experiments deal with reflexes.
Before we proceed directly to the obtained data, it is necessary to give the general overview about the nature of reflexes. A reflex action is defined as an action involving an involuntary and spontaneous movement (Purves et al. 2004). However, the stimulus is needed to observe the movement. A stimulus can be expressed in several ways – most commonly it presupposes the use of some mechanical force on a particular part of the body.

Materials and Methods

The method used in this report ...

Abstract

This is a lab report that examines an empirical study of the role of caffeine in the human body and impact and reason for continuous consumption of caffeine. The research involves a study of 1060 respondents who are examined in various elements and aspects of the effects of caffeine on them.
The research identifies that there is an empirical evidence of an increase in energy levels amongst people who consume coffee. However, this change is not so large when compared to consumers of Rooibos tea. Also, the research indicates that energy levels are not significantly increased by people who take ...

A baby and parents are pieces of the one unit called family. From baby’s first yell, the world for two starts to change with the impressive quickness and every single day brings new discoveries not only for a child, but also for happy parents. The interaction between parents and their child is very interesting and productive; often, parents don’t even notice how baby is affecting their word outlook once and forever, positively or negatively, but always irreversibly (Leach, 1989). Children, especially infants, need to feel the endearment and caring; just parents are the first teachers for their babies, ...

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[Supervisor Nаme]
[Dаte]

Boosting employee motivation: Lessons from Steve Jobs
SUMMERY OF ARTICLE:
Employees are an essential asset for every organization. It is important that every organization should focus on employee motivation. According to Steve Jobs it is significant that the head of the company should be involved in micromanaging and employees should be a part of decision-making in order to make them feel they are integral for the company. Training should be given to employees because it makes them understand that the company is involved in their career growth and ...

Introduction to Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a severe mental ailment that affects about one percent of the population worldwide. It is a major mental disorder that inflicts an enormous burden on the victim causing poor quality of life (Jones PB, Barnes TRE, Davies L, et al, 2006). It increases morbidity and mortality (Murray C J and Lopez A D, 1997), disrupts interpersonal connections and upsets family structures and adds substantial economic costs to the society (Freedman R, 2003). Typical symptoms of schizophrenia, include, delusions, disordered thinking, hallucinations, and bizarre speech or behavior.
Though it is very rare to observe the onset of this disease ...

Abstract

This experimental study attempted to prove that psi telepathic communication possibly existed and that the use of emotive stimuli improved this ability compared to the use of non-emotive stimuli. The study involved 632 undergraduate students who were asked to use Emotion cards (experimental group) and non-emotional Zener cards (control groups) for transmitting and receiving their perceptions and impressions, respectively. The results showed a slight improvement in telepathic communication in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results also showed that the use of non-emotive stimuli had significantly better outcomes than chance expectation.

Introduction

Psi refers to “anomalous processes of ...

The goal of the research was:

To Study the processes which are involved in perceiving other individuals, their behavior and their personal qualities on the correctness of judgment?

Objectives

-To find out which stimulus conditions are relevant in the production of phenomenal movement and of determining the influences of the surrounding field.
-To determine the dependence of the response on stimulus-configurations.

Hypotheses

A hypothesis is a prediction of some sort regarding the outcome of the study. It also refers to the researcher’s anticipated explanation or opinion regarding the results of the study. It is the tentative answer to the problem in question. It states possible relationships, ...