Terrorism Term Papers Samples For Students

Terrorism is one of the biggest Global threats. Terrorists are born out of communal discord, financial instability, oppressive governments etc. The Jehadi Terrorists are communal terrorists who fight for their own interpretation of Islam. The ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) is a Sunni extremist group, formerly known by the name of Al-Qaeda, renowned for its terrorist activities all over the globe.

The ISIS practices and propagates Jihad, a form or religious war against other religious and cultural states and uses extreme interpretations of the Qur’an as ...

Introduction

Hostage negotiation is a crisis negotiation technique that involves communication with people who are threatening to inflict harm on defenceless civilians. The negotiations are usually between the hostage taker and the authority. A police psychologist can play the role of primary negotiator or advisor in a hostage crisis. A hostage negotiator is a specially trained law enforcement officer whose job is to diffuse situations that may have otherwise turned out hazardous. The police psychologist never works alone but is always part of the rescue team which may be the FBI, or the Police. An ideal negotiation is one whereby all hostages are ...

Introduction:

The security of maritime field plays a significant role in the economy. Every day, thousands of cargo containers from around the world in field of exchange benefit pass through the nation’s seaports carrying items, goods and, possibly some that are not so welcome, such as drugs, explosives and weapons. The industry of the container shipping industry is highly vulnerable to terrorist attacks. In the U.S. maritime system, there are over 300 sea ports and river ports with more than 3,700 passenger and cargo terminals.

Major Concerns and Threats:

There are significant and various forms of threats to the container shipping network; however, ...

The Patriot Act was passed after the 9/11 terrorist attacks to strengthen domestic security and increase the ability of the government to identify and stop terrorists. It has proved to be one of the most controversial laws in U.S. history (Doyle, 2001). It is comprised of ten titles which give federal law enforcement greater authority. Advocates claim that the Patriot Act is constitutional and instrumental in the war on terror. They cite a number of successful investigations and arrests of terrorists, and believe that law strikes an effective balance between civil rights and the ability of the government to protect ...

Abstract

Terrorism is violence at large. Terrorists are motivated to believe at all times that their actions are just and their struggle to instill fear is the only way to assert their demands. However, such singular behavior requires strong causes to be formed in the first place. There can be many causes for terrorism. Some these causes may be instantaneous while others may be historical, some beginning from a certain group of people while others targeted specifically towards a group of people. This paper is discusses various causes of terrorism
Keywords: Terrorism, causes, terrorists, rights

Causes of Terrorism

Introduction
Terrorism is any act that ...

Shortly after the terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001, Congress passed the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act. As a result of real concerns over the security of the nation as well as more than a little mass hysteria over America’s vulnerability in the new age of global terror, the 342-page long USA PATRIOT Act, as it is popularly known, sailed through Congress a mere 45 days after the attacks with little debate or analysis but with broad bipartisan support. Indeed, in the Senate, the ...

Question One: Homeland Security

Homeland security in essence refers to the protection of the United States of America against terrorist attacks. However, the department’s work is not limited to terrorism activities only. In that context, homeland security may be defined as the national concerted effort to prevent terrorist attacks within the US, reduce the vulnerability of the US to terrorism and minimize the damage from the attacks upon occurrence. From the definition, it can be gathered that Homeland Security is especially designed for the prevention of terrorist attacks and or mitigation of the effects of the attacks upon occurrence. It can be ...

After the Great Wars that shook the status quo in the 1900s up to the late 90s, many believed that peace would no longer be threatened by worldwide conflict. However, this relief had been shattered when a group had decided to attack several key installations of the world’s only superpower on September 11, 2001, returning the fear that was once felt in the time of the Great Wars. With a group known as Al Qaeda taking responsibility over the crime, the US and its allies have declared “The War on Terror” against groups such as Al Qaeda across the globe. ...

Introduction

Many challenges that are emerging in the international system have made scholars look for ways to solve such problems. Scholars would rhetorically ask themselves whether nation states approach these challenges in the right manner. Some of the emerging challenge sinclude; global poverty, human rights abuses, climate change, terrorism, and international development. Most nation states have been known to use military force to solve such problems. However, these issues are still present in society. This indicates that alternative solutions are necessary. Conventionally, nation statesshould desist from using military force since it results in additional problems. Places wheremilitary force has been ...

Introduction

Of course, terrorism has now become an issue of global concern. The mushrooming of the terrorist groups has posed a very great challenge to the global community. The inhuman attacks by the Al Qaeda, Taliban, Tamil Tigers, Al Shabaab and Boko Haram have resulted into the loss of innocent lives. As a military super power, the ‘United States of America (USA) has been the main target for terrorism’ (Balousek, 2000). As a country, USA has suffered in the hands of the Islamist extremists who have successfully bombed it on several occasions.
The most significant turning point in the history of this ...

Chapter Summaries

Chapter 9 Summary: Background to the Middle East
The Middle East has been associated with terrorism for a very long time. This chapter provides background information on the Middle East. Most of the people living in the Middle East are of Islamic faith, and some of the countries include those in North Africa, Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, Afghanistan, and Iran. However, in the past there have other religions such as Judaism and Christianity.
Issues of terrorism are based on certain theological concepts of Islam, which have resulted to the development of a militant philosophy. Islam itself is divided into ...

S O

HUM 225

Ethics: War on Terrorism
In the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, Americans pondered the thought that the war on terrorism is unjust. Many Americans believe that our government’s reasons for fighting this war are for money, greed, and oil reserves. But truth be told and if Americans and the world at large could consider the interests and safety of the wider society against the terror groups, then there could be no question as to why America is so serious about the post 9/11 war on ...

Description and type of device.

- Impact of the device.

Origin of the device.

- Detailed Plausibility of Terrorists Acquiring the Mini Nuke.

Stealing or buying the mini nukes

Assistance by a state:
Building a mini-nuke of one’s own:
- Conclusion.

Introduction

Terrorists are people who engage in terrorism, the organized use of terror, often forceful, especially as a means of intimidation or coercion. These violent deeds are perpetrated for religious, political or ideological reasons. Terrorists range from criminal, pathological, regime, left-wing, right-wing, state sponsored to quasi terrorists. Their motivation differs from the state and the need to be solitary, all depending on the type of terrorist. Some functions in groups and are sponsored by ...

Introduction

Terrorist activities are on the rise worldwide; USA has not been left behind following the recent Boston bombing attack. These attacks and constant threats lead to counteractive measures by governments in a bid to ensure their citizens’ safety. In respect to the US situation, the lives of Americans and other individuals end in these attacks. This causes fear among the citizens. The government has a responsibility of acting against these attacks; this ensures the safety of its citizens. The US Department of Justice prepared a secret 16-page memo in reference to the terrorism situation. This memo provides for the assassination of American ...

It should be appreciated that the rising spate of terrorist activities has occasioned a number of changes in the combined efforts aimed at mitigation and elimination. It should be noted that these changes have assumed ethical, legal, political, economic and social characters. In overall, stakeholders are motivated by the need to tackle and address terrorism and see its eventual elimination. This paper shall be based on the Department of Justice White Paper on terrorism in relation to the citizens of America. The paper shall examine the complexity of the laws and policies in the face of the citizen involvement in ...

At the time the United States did not have a standing army. Armies mobilized during war and demobilized after wars were over. The idea of domestic security was left to the states and not the military. Military were used for external security threats and not the internal security matters of the state. It was not until the twentieth century that the federal government under the department of Civil Defense was involved in the domestic security of the country. The department of Civil Defense subsequently became Department of Homeland Security (DHS) after 9/11.
2. Explain the relationship between civil liberties ...

Abstract

With the developments and the recent attacks on the internet, there has been a need to ensure that cyber attacks and terrorism have been the most common concerns for government regulations. After the numerous attacks and cyber attacks that are common on the internet, there has been the need to have laws and acts to control these terrorist acts. This is the reason why the USA patriot Act was formulated. The main intention was to ensure that terrorism was fought in the US and the rest of the world. This aspect allowed and gave the law the power and freedom ...

New York City

The city that could be attractive and vulnerable to a terrorist attack is New York City. The Census Bureau estimates that the city had a population of about 8,336,697 people as of July 2012. This in itself is attractive for any terrorist mind out there. Terrorists target places that have large populations so as to achieve the greatest effect. For a terrorist, the greatest effect is causing harm to or killing scores of people. At the same time, ensuring security for such a huge population is quite demanding and strenuous and at times many people might become vulnerable. Therefore, the highly ...

Looking back on the actions of the major players in the United States in the weeks, months, and even years leading up to the September 11th, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon, it is easy to find fault. There are frequent tales of ignored warnings, of experts speaking about the dangers of radical groups in the Middle East and being shunted to the side for other, more pressing issues. The attacks on America on September 11th, 2001 represented the largest loss of American life in a non-military related event in the course of American history (“Remembering 9/11,” ...

Introduction to International Issues

The Bureau of African Affairs (p. 1) describes the geography of Somalia as a territory which is almost covered by a desert. Somalia has also rain reason by monsoon. The rate for well-educated people is 37.8% and their general health is poor because of malnutrition, HIV, and AIDS. Somalia does not have enough natural resources and they have difficult challenge for development. The International Medical Corps (p. 1) also describes East African countries like Somalia with serious problem about famine. The Somalis who seriously face famine are estimated to be about 13.3 million people (p. 1). The International Medical Corps estimates ...

A short story is a work of fiction that does not comprise the complexity and length of a novel or novella, but still tells a complete story with drawn-out characters and fully-developed plots. Often, since short stories do not get the chance to tell full stories with characters they get the time to develop, they have a much stronger focus on theme as a narrative device, telling stories with messages instead of using numerous plot points. To my mind, there are two different categories of short story: tales of understanding, and tales of terror. These are fairly vague definitions that cover a wide variety of ...

“Terrorism” has no precise definition and this has created many controversies in the face of humanity. The United Nations General Assembly for example offered one definition of terrorism that has apparently been deemed workable for most purposes. Criminal acts aimed or calculated to irritate a situation of terror in the common public, a crowd or particular persons for political purposes. Whatever they are, the contemplations of a political, theoretical, ideological, ethnic, spiritual or other nature that may be invoked to substantiate their actions (Nacos 12).
Another definition used by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has been stipulated as follows: ...

Introduction

When criminals and terrorists are captured in United States, there has been a tendency of keeping them in prison indefinitely without trial. This has also been the same thing done to suspected terrorists and criminal offenders. According to the law and the legal procedures, it is required that a person arrested for any kind of offense or suspected of terrorism involvements should be taken to court where he or she tried for the offenses and atrocities committed, or believed to have committed (Foley 23). The judicial process and justice should be followed because someone is still innocent, according to the law, ...

In this paper, we will explore the psychological impacts of two human-made disasters. One that happened during the First World War, and the other one is a recent terrorist attack in Paris, in 2015. The Lusitania Disaster was an attack from the German army to a British ship liner coming from New York to Liverpool, UK. The terrorist attack in Paris however was not a war attack, so people were not expecting anything as such. However, it can be argued that we are on a war today, that begun by several attacks of radical Islamic groups against the West. ...

Introduction

In the recent past, there has been an increase in the cases of terrorism financing and money laundry across the world. The international community is experiencing rapid social, political, economic and technological advancements that have enhanced communication and the transportation of money that is used in the financing of terrorist activities. Besides, this development has exposed the financial systems to abuse by organized criminals. The international community has established strategies to curb money laundry and terrorism financing so as to enhance the security of the world. In the past decade, proceeds from money laundry have been used to finance ...

Abstract

After the 9/11 event agro-terrorism has continually been recognized as a national security threat. It aims at depriving citizens off the confidence they have in the government. The act also endangers human life as the contaminated food is unhealthy. Agriculture has much vulnerability and although it does not have the shocking factors as other terrorist strategies it may be used as a secondary target.
The US not having been a victim of a large-scale, successful agro-terrorism attack is not a guarantee that the nation’s agricultural and food processing systems are secure. Many policies have been implemented and initiatives ...

U.S. Position in the Post-cold War ERA
U.S. Position in the Post-cold War ERA

The post-cold war saw the rise and growth of the Western liberalism and capitalism. The fall of the great communist powers gave the opportunity for capitalism to thrive in the world. The era of cold war was a struggle for power, where international political economy the struggle for power and wealth was witnessed and is still present to date. The struggle for power is what creates chances for conflict in the world, “the changes in the distribution of power between states increase the chance of ...

Since it has earned its independence from the English Empire, the United States of America slowly worked its way to the top of the international arena as the strongest nation in the world. It has managed to survive several major and minor conflicts and while it has found itself threatened by various groups, the United States has remained strong against these odds. After the fall of the Soviet Union, the US became the world’s only superpower and many nations adored the country and saw the US as a protector. However, in recent years, several new threats are starting ...

The post-cold war saw the rise and growth of the Western liberalism and capitalism. The fall of the great communist powers gave the opportunity for capitalism to thrive in the world. The era of cold war was a struggle for power, where international political economy the struggle for power and wealth was witnessed and is still present to date. The struggle for power is what creates chances for conflict in the world, “the changes in the distribution of power between states increase the chance of conflict in the international system (Gilpin 1918).” The power shift from dominance by the ...

In the next 5-10 years there is a major issue that has developing that will be facing the business world. This issue that is going to be a major problem for both businesses and government is surely going to be money laundering. In order to understand how money laundering is a threat to both governments and economies it is first necessary to understand what money laundering is itself. Once the definition is understood only then can we apply that definition to the business world through analyzing how this white collar crime effects commerce, government involvement in the business world, ...

Introduction

Freedman’s commentary of nuclear deterrence being, C’est magnifique, mais ce n’est pas la stratégie or ‘It is magnificent, but it is not strategy’ in English, may have been coined from the famous remark of French Marshal Pierre Bosquet while watching the British light cavalry wipe itself out in The Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava in the Crimean War of 1854 in which he exclaimed, “C'est Magnifique, Mais Ce N'est Pas La Guerre” or ‘It is magnificent, but it is not war’. In a similar note, Freedman is implying that the possession of nuclear weapons ...

ISIS

I. Introduction
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or ISIS, also known as the Islamic State, has recently risen to fame in the last few years. It has taken a stronghold over parts of Syria and Iraq, and is well-funded by the revenue streams of the oil and gas fields of the areas it controls, and receives donations from around the world. Its leader, Abu Bakr Baghdadi, has recently proclaimed the group to be a caliphate, thus assuming control over all Muslims around the world. It is urgent that the United States and its allies put a stop ...

Electronic or cyber crime is a criminal activity, committed through the use of information technologies. Economies worldwide, business and individuals are effected by electronic crime increasingly more often every year. According to Internet Crime Complaint Center, in 2008 the number of electronic crimes in the USA has increased from 207 to 275 thousand, and resulted in a total loss of 264.6 million dollars (Limbach, n.d.).

Multiple types of computer crime include cyber theft, cyber terrorism, creation of obscene or offensive content, harassment, drug trafficking, spam, information warfare, phishing scams, spreading computer viruses and malware.

Types of Electronic Crime

Cyber Theft

Computer hackers use ...

The Boko Haram Islamic terror group in Nigeria has been associated with a myriad of hostilities in the recent past including mass bombings and major kidnappings. The recent incident by the group is the brutal bombing and killing of 85 civilians at a village in Northern Nigeria called Dalori. This massive killing, among other atrocities characterize this Islamic extremist group. This manuscript thus appraises this killing among other interrelated activities by the group from a historical perspective. The manuscript equally appraises the reasoning behind the group’s terror activities in Nigeria.
Boko Haram is a terror organization based in ...

The issue of the National Security Authority’s spying program which gave the NSA the power to get personal details of any American citizen in the name of preventing terrorist attacks is a major issue of contention in the United States today. The US government states that this is justified because national surveillance is in the best interest of the United States and its fight against terrorism. The purpose of this essay is to argue on the basis of utilitarianism and assess the appropriateness of the national surveillance of the United States’ National Security Authority.
The theories of ethics ...

Abstract

The mission of the United States police force on terrorism and threats from countries in the Middle East such as Afghanistan is to foster peaceful coexistence within states and other nations. Their involvement in the provision of humanitarian support to the civilians in Libya during the military crackdown in 2011for instance was contributed to by the foreign policies that arose after the Second World War (Beasley, 2013).

There are international incidences that have involved operation of the United States police force in the past five years include:

- Provision of humanitarian support to the Libyan civilians during a military crackdown in response to the uprising curfew in Gadhafi’s reign.
- The war and threats against nuclear terrorism in ...

FBI VS Jewish Defense League

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) has been in operation as a major criminal investigation bureau in the US. This national crime-fighting agency of security goal is to protect America and the larger international community from criminal dangers that affect the world today (US Department of Justice, 2011). It was started in 1908 when Theodore Roosevelt was the president of the US by Robert Bonaparte (Weiner, 2013). Robert Bonaparte was the then attorney general of the US. It started as a task force of special agents, whose work was to track the major crimes that were happening in various ...

(Course/Major)

Swanson (1) avers that the uses of drones have both positive and negative uses for the use of drones in both commercial as well as law enforcement applications. However, Swanson is stating that with the absence of any actions by authorities, on the state and the Federal levels, to enact any policies or legislation to regulate any of the flights conducted by these “unmanned aerial vehicles” in America’s skies as these operators see fit. Federal authorities allowed more than 30,000 drone flights; police departments, for their part, have used drones to a low altitude of 400 feet, ...

Introduction

Domestic violence has been a common practice since time immemorial mostly against women. Violence against women has been common in most societies and cultures and it has received immense attention from various perspectives. “Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behaviors by one or both partners in an intimate relationship such as marriage, dating, family or cohabiting” (Grovert, 2008, p.23). The aim of this violence is for the abusive partner to dominate and have control over the other partner. Domestic violence could be physical, psychological, emotional, sexual, and/or economic abuse or actions that influence the other partner. Behaviors in ...

American presidents are limited to run for two terms in office. A large number of presidential candidates compete for nominations in republican and democratic nominations. The United States of America and five other nation agreed to an outline for Iranian nuclear deal in April 2015 where President Obama concentrated on convincing the Congress and the American citizens that this deal was to make the world especially America, and its allies a safer place. The nuclear deal was implemented in January 2016 after it was confirmed that Iran was in compliance with the provision of joint comprehensive plan action by ...

This paper will discuss whether it is ethical to compulsorily stop migrants from entering and settling in the US or not. First, the paper will look at Huemer’s argument on the migration issues. Although many believe that it is important to keep away immigrants in order to maintain any nation’s integrity and culture, Huemer argue that it is not right to bar immigrants from entering into the United States. He argues that immigrants do not bring economic hardships for existing citizens as most countries belief. Secondly, this paper will discuss what some critics about these arguments reason ...

Philosophy

Introduction
“So far, about morals, I know only that what is moral is what you feel good after and what is immoral is what you feel bad after.”- Ernest Hemingway. The above quote by an eminent American writer speaks volume of the involvement of perception of different individuals in deciding any action, morally right or wrong. Some philosophers also had this belief that every individual has an inner voice, which can never encourage you to do anything wrong. However, it is necessary to listen to the same extremely attentively. They refer this inner voice as the voice of ...

The Marriott Corporation is a well-established organization that has been operating by providing lodging to customers for several years. In 1969 the first Marriott Hotel was built in the United States. Since the emergence of the first Hotel the Marriott Corporation has strived to make it brand an international mainstay. Currently, Marriott has several locations in the United States, Asia; South America; Europe; Africa; etc. There are several brands that are part of the wide umbrella know as the Marriott Corporation. The Marriott is a pillar organization that thrives on innovation, cultural awareness, and cultural inclusion on a multitude ...

Numerous authors have instigated ideas related to freedom; however, nobody has done it better than Eric Foner. He is a renowned Columbian historian who portrays a different concept in the art of freedom in his book Voices of Freedom. Foner agrees that the freedom in America has a different definition from the world’s views. The use of freedom by the American community has always changed, and it has the best tool in the definition of their identity and history. There are authors claiming that the freedom is a tool used to discover oneself. However, Foner believes that the freedom can be used ...

Introduction

Nowadays Mexico is mostly known as one of the world’s largest consumer economics and moreover, as one of the biggest drug producers and sellers. Rapid growing number of criminal cartels in the country priory benefit from drug trading. Unfortunately, Mexico has a weak judicial system and police institutions. Hereby, the government cannot neither diminish the cartels’ activity, nor control them. Definitely, many actions both inside the country and within the international cooperation were made in order to change the situation. In order to understand the reason of social deviance and inactivity of native civilians in such circumstances a Theory of ...

One of the most interesting laws created by Congress was the Cyber Security Act of 2015. It was created as part of the Omnibus Appropriations Act signed by President Barack Obama that year. The Act limited government use of collected online information and how information could be shared between different nongovernment organizations and different levels of government. The bill may also have increased government oversight as well, considering the fact that the Department of Homeland Security now has increased access to networks to protect against terrorism and espionage. The Act has a “provider exception” (Kerr, 2015), which allows individual ...

Abstract

The 2003 Iraq War received a wide variety of different opinions throughout the international media. While American networks and press organizations entitled the conflict as Operation Iraqi Freedom, the Canadian media and the channels in some Arab nations referred to the conflict as "attack and occupation."
One character in this conflict was Chris Kyle, a deadly sniper in the American military whose life served as the inspiration for the film American Sniper. He wrote a book by the same name that teems with his utter disdain for the Iraqi fighters as well as with his excitement at the chance ...

Introduction

Plate tectonics is important because it explains the reasons for the deformation of Earth’s surface. Plate Tectonics theory assumes that the Earth’s surface was broken into several small plates and the plates have collided with each other to form the continents. The theory explains that the oceans and continents also move in addition to the tectonic plates. It also explains the global distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes. The plate tectonics explains the major features of the earth, such as the continents and oceans, the earthquakes and volcanoes and the mountains and valleys. The theory explained that the ...

American Public University System

Abstract
Oracle has extensively used IT as it forms the heart of its dealings. The corporation deals with computer technology itself and it has been in the front line to benefit from its own innovations as well as those of its competitors. Oracle as an industry is associated with information technology, which includes the computer hardware and software, electronic, the internet, telecommunication equipments, ecommerce, semiconductor, as well as computer services. The corporation has used various own developed suits to achieve the organizations goals. IT has enabled Oracle Company to market its hardware, software, and services through e-commerce. Oracle ...

Abstract

The smart grid system makes use of digital information technology to transmit and distribute power. Hence, the operations of this system rely on the complex computer networks coupled with communication technologies that are available in the global information technology network domain. This is the leading cause of the vulnerabilities of the smart grid system.
This paper will focus on the vulnerabilities of the system that are evident in SCADA, substation security, communication networks and wireless networks security. While proponents of the system tout its ability to increase efficiency, it cannot be denied that the smart grid system is ...

One of the main advantages of literature lies in its ability to communicate various cultural experiences and provide greater knowledge and deeper understanding of foreign traditions for the reader. In the Western civilization, Eastern religious traditions and cultures informed by them are perceived with interest, fascination and even fear; while lack of understanding can often impair successful interaction and communication.
In addressing the issue of religious values, the authors of two books, Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West and Children of Dust: A Portrait of a Muslim as a ...

An internship with Abu Dhabi Airport entitled Abu Dhabi Airport Internship report completed in partial fulfilment of the requirements for CEHS 396-Internship in Homeland Security

Abstract

This report offers the description of my internship at the Abu Dhabi Airport Company (ADAC) in the United Arabs Emirates. Fundamentally, Abu Dhabi Airport is a public joint-stock organization that is fully owned by the Abu Dhabi government. It is located 16.5 nautical miles east of the Abu Dhabi City, which is the second largest city within the United Arab Emirates. My primary duties and responsibilities as an intern were to understand about the ...

Introduction

The Internet has greatly transformed our everyday lives and is an integral part of our national security. Nowadays communications systems are the mainstay for much of the national infrastructure. The communications sector creates the foundation for vital informational exchange, including audio, video and data connectivity, but with greater openness, interconnection and dependency comes greater vulnerability. The United States of America, just like any other modern and developed country, is very dependent on information infrastructure. Moreover this relation is constantly strengthening. Computer-based systems frequently face cyber attacks, which vary from pure innocent curiosity to critical intrusions. The consequences of these ...

Introduction

The Internet has greatly transformed our everyday lives and is an integral part of our national security. Nowadays communications systems are the mainstay for much of the national infrastructure. The communications sector creates the foundation for vital informational exchange, including audio, video and data connectivity, but with greater openness, interconnection and dependency comes greater vulnerability. Computer-based systems frequently face cyber attacks, which vary from pure innocent curiosity to critical intrusions. The consequences of these actions can be disastrous to the overall service of control and communications systems. It is clear that it now represents one of the most serious ...

Policemen of the World

Introduction
Since it has gained its independence after the Civil War, the United States of America became the force to be reckoned with as the world’s dominant force in the international arena. Many nations look up to the United States in any given issue: may it be political, economic or social in nature. Considering these circumstances, the US is often regarded by many as the world’s “policemen” and for the US, such responsibility is done in full confidence and dedication each time an issue arises around the globe. Only recently, the US has deployed its forces ...

Afro-American History to 1877

“The Radical and the Republican: Frederick Douglass, Abraham Lincoln, and the Triumph of Antislavery Politics” is a well written book by James Oakes. James Oakes in his book suggests that both Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglas fought slavery and stood up for the causes of slaves but they had different ways of fighting against slavery. The author presents thorough details of their working and ideas in his book. Oakes recognizes both of these leaders as reformers but portrays both of these leaders in different perspectives. This paper intends to discuss contributions of Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglas and how their ...

Introduction

The trinity has always been a matter of debate among spiritual circles, eliciting violence in some instances in the past. The main issue of controversy fueling this debate is the divinity of Jesus Christ. Arianism was one of the notable heretical teachings of the past that threatened the Christian church. This belief challenged the core tenet of the orthodoxy regarding the divinity of Jesus Christ. This view held that Jesus was a creation of God and as such did not possess the divine substance of the Father. The Arian view was majorly advanced by Arius, a Libyan, born around 256 A.D. He ...

Introduction

The executive power was at first devised as a mere organ of implementation of laws. During the first years of the republic, the presidency was regarded as a nearly powerless body, given that the Constitution provides much more prevalence to the Congress. This was done on purpose because the founding fathers wanted to avoid the problems caused by kings and despots in countries that did not restrain the power of their rulers. Nonetheless, the executive office has gradually increased its power, especially during the last century. Right now, the executive is the dominant force in foreign policy making but, through history, ...

Question 1: To what extent is government intervention in the international trade of goods and services between two countries necessary to yield economic welfare? Discuss in the context of any one market with which you are familiar.
Since the turn of the century, the developing countries are struggling hard to establish their foothold in the world. These developing nations were once corridors of trade to the Central Asian Market but now they are being swiped off their feet due to the overwhelming response of the capitalist world. It is becoming hard for them to keep pace with the ...

Houston Insurance Holdings is a leading specialty insurer based in Texas, USA. However, its scope of operation extends beyond the United States of America and has offices in the United Kingdom, Spain and Ireland. The insurance company underwrites 100 classes of specialty insurance products in 180 countries around the world. The company has five underwriting segments namely: Professional liability, U.S Property Casualty, Accident and Health and U.S Surety and Credit International.
The firm engages in the diverse business portfolio in order to ensure consistent underwriting results irrespective of the market cycles. This has contributed to an impressive performance of ...