Sulfur College Essays Samples For Students

Certain elements involved in the geochemical and biogeochemical cycling are of great concern due to their limited availability both naturally or through industrial manufacture of the compounds involved in the cycles. Some of the processes involved are chemical reactions with other elements or substances. Some of these reactions are irreversible chemical reactions. This implies once the reaction has taken place, the elements are removed from natural cycle and they cannot be replaced again. As such, the more the cases of irreversible reactions, the greater the rate of reduction of these elements from the environment. Ultimately, there could be less ...

Manganese

What function does it perform, in critical metabolic events in human biology?
Manganese acts as a co-factor to nearly all classes of enzymes such as hydrolases (phosphohydrolase), transferases (phosphotransferase), ligases, lyases, oxido-reductases, kinases and decarboxylase. It also helps in the synthesis of mucopolysaccharides, proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It can also mediate reactions as a metalloenzyme (Medeiros & Wildman, 2015; Gropper & Smith, 2013). While manganese can be replaced by magnesium in some of the catalytic reactions, two reactions in the synthesis of connective tissue pathway, namely, the activation of xylosyl transferase and glycosyl transferase or galactosyl transferase, are specifically manganese–dependent. These ...

Designing a Winogradsky Column

Introduction
A Winogradsky column is a micro-community designed to grow a smaller replica of a larger ecosystem. Sergi Winogradsky along with Martinus Willem Bejerink designed it when microbiology was a newly emerging science. At that time, there were few microbiological methods and most microbiologists were engaged in researching the “germ theory” of disease. Winogradsky broke away from this practice and investigated environmental by cultivating and studying microbial communities. His work furthered our understanding of microbial diversity, physiology autotrophy and environmental nutrient cycling. In particular, his efforts led to a greater understanding of sulfur and nitrogen cycling. Of particular interest in experiments that target a ...

1. Ecosystems.
(10 pts) Provide a review of the process of succession and trends in biodiversity, productivity, and nutrient cycling.
Ecological succession refers to the process of gradual change of the ecosystems. This is attributed to the fact that habitats do not remain constant and they keep changing over time. Succession is divided into two; there is primary succession and secondary succession. Primary succession refers to changes which occur on an environment that has never been colonized before, for instance, quarrying on land that has never been quarried before. Secondary succession on the other hand involves environmental disturbance ...

Abstract

Carbon capture is an essential approach for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Different plants utilize various technologies in reducing carbon dioxide emission. Some of the conventional techniques employed include oxy-fuel, pre, and post-combustion carbon capture. These approaches have a high potential for capturing carbon dioxide. However, their massive initial and implementation costs have been a challenge to plants globally. Additionally, most of them are yet to experience large scale applications. Therefore, it is essential for research and development activities to be conducted. This can ensure a reduction in the cost of production. The carbon capture technologies differ in costs. This ...

07th of April 2016

Air pollution impacts the human health and the environment in various ways - by direct and immediate threat (smog, etc.) to the slow and gradual destruction of the body's various life-support systems. In many cases, air pollution negatively affects the structural components of the ecosystem to such an extent that the regulatory processes are not able to return to their original state and thus the homeostasis mechanism fails.
The atmosphere is the air shell of the Earth. Air quality involves the totality of its properties, reflecting the level of exposure to physical, chemical and biological factors on humans, plant ...

One of the most common environmental pollution observed in many parts of the world is the formation of haze. This phenomenon is predominantly visible in those geographies where the air pollution is on the higher side, which may be multiple times more than what has been believed to be safe. Essentially, haze which appears as a blanket of smoke over a wide area occurs when the tiny invisible pollutants suspended in the air absorbs and scatters sunlight thereby reducing the clarity of our vision to a great extent . Air pollution, the primary factor behind haze can be either natural ...

Many disasters have occurred in many parts of the world due to both deliberate or unintended human error and actions. Below are some of the most shocking incidents that led to mortalities.

London’s Killer Fog

The London Killer Fog of 1952 has always been judged to be based on the natural adverse weather conditions. Being that this incident happened during the winter period, many people re said to have thought that it was a weather-related incident. It was marred by cold weather and as usual; many people always resort to making ire to warn themselves. This incident has been chosen as one ...

Lignin Chemistry

Lignin History
Lignin is a plant-derived biopolymer with several applications. It is considered an effective alternative to chemically synthesized plastics that pose serious environmental problems during manufacture and disposal. Lignin is often obtained as a byproduct in paper and pulp manufacture. Lignin has to be dissolved to obtain cellulose from wood. In 1838, Anselme Payen discovered that wood contained cellulose, and oxidizable coatings (later called lignin) that bind the cellulose together (McCarthy and Islam, 2000). This coating material could be removed from wood after acid treatment and washing with an aqueous alkali solution (McCarthy and Islam, 2000). Later, several ...

07th of April 2016

Air pollution impacts the human health and the environment in various ways - by direct and immediate threat (smog, etc.) to the slow and gradual destruction of the body's various life-support systems. In many cases, air pollution negatively affects the structural components of the ecosystem to such an extent that the regulatory processes are not able to return to their original state and thus the homeostasis mechanism fails.
The atmosphere is the air shell of the Earth. Air quality involves the totality of its properties, reflecting the level of exposure to physical, chemical and biological factors on humans, plant ...

Extraction Stage

Extraction of copper produces both specks of dust and gaseous wastes such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide that significantly contribute to environmental pollutions, especially air pollution (“Copper Mining”). Whereas copper wire miners reduce this pollution level by trapping the generated sulfur dioxide gas for purposes of producing sulfuric acid, considerable amounts of sulfur dioxide still escape and take part in both air and water pollution. However, extraction methods that incorporate emulsion of liquid membranes and applications of microorganisms in removing copper from their underground ores have been currently established as the economical and viable ways of gathering copper. ...

Pollution is amongst the world’s killer threats that many economies try to fight against. Environmental pollution affects the health of over 100 million people globally on an annual basis (Harris, 2012). The search for economic development has been quoted as one of the key factors that initiate environmental degradation. The case in China is no different; for three consecutive decades, China has been on the remark in successive economic developments. This has resulted from increased income from the manufacturing and industrial sector. China is amongst the top regions in the world in production of machines, gases, coal, among ...

The “new” moment in this article was the fact that the company needed to change working processes on its utilities to complain to the Clean Air Act. The Georgia Power’s Bowem plant looked like a “unique” object. The plant was quite big with its ability to “produce enough power to serve the residential, commercial, and industrial demands of 1 million people” (Harvard business school, 1993, p. 1). However, it was quite clean and had fewer emissions than smaller objects; it was a unique feature because of plant’s size and age.
Amendments to the Clean Air Act were ...

Abstract

The Chinese drywall refers to the drywall mad in China and imported into the U.S. in the commencement of the year 2001 all through to 2009. The housing spike in 2006 occasioned by hurricanes led to shortage of construction materials in the country necessitating the importation of the said materials in huge amounts. However, the drywall was not without adverse implications. This paper critically looks into the problems associated with the drywall. More so, it generally examines the traits that characterized the numerous law suits filed by the victims of the drywall problem against distributors and suppliers of the ...

According to EPA (2016), environmental management involves the development of systems aimed at reducing environmental impacts of various activities. In the Brundtland commission report (WCED), sustainable development has been described as development aimed at meeting the current needs of the present generation. However, as the current generation focuses on meeting their own needs, their activities should not compromise the capability of future generations to also meet their own needs. Available evidence suggests that the future generation would have challenges meeting their own needs if the current generation fails to adopt sustainable practices. The sustainable development incorporates the triple line: ...

Instituion

1. What is the potential impact of supersonic transports (SSTs) on the ozone layer?
An alarming ozone loss has been reported in the past decades, and studies showed that this global problem is attributed largely to human activities. Advancement in technology resulted in the development of high-speed air transport that are economically competitive compared to other forms of aircrafts. There is, however, the associated risk that supersonic transports can impact in the destruction of the ozone layer due to the large amount of atmospheric pollution that it emits. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology carried a study on the possible ...

Structural Steel

Structural steels are the variety of steel customarily used for construction such as buildings, bridges and as reinforcements to concrete. It is used because of its strength and ductility (ability to deform substantially prior to failure). The form, shapes, and size of structural steels are dependent on the specific function that it will serve. There are several standards that must be followed when producing structural steels; these standards also include the specifications for the steel’s mechanical properties, chemical composition, specific cross section and shape profile (American Institute of Steel Construction np).
Structural steels have various chemical elements which ...

Air PollutionThe air, water, noise, water, thermal and other forms of environmental pollution have an adverse impact on the quality of lives. The pollution is majorly as a result of activities carried out by human such as the industrial production of chemicals. In the modern days, motor vehicles are primary sources of pollution. The increased number of cars on the road lead to a rise in environmental pollution. Although they cause noise pollution, the main form of pollution caused by the motor vehicles is air pollution. Motor vehicles are very essential in transportation, and they contribute significantly to the ...

The predominant academic agreement is that gunpowder was invented in China, but no one scholar in the whole world could tell us the exact date of the creation of gunpowder. However, I researched different articles and found out that there are several major versions of the origin of gunpowder and each version assumes different time it was firstly received by people. According to some authors, for instance Joseph Needham, China used gunpowder in rockets and fireworks in the VII century B.C. (9), another theory tells that gunpowder came to Chine and Arabia in the 1st century from India and ...

Abstract

Crude oil, also known as petroleum, is one of the most important natural resources. It is a fossil fuel that is non-renewable and has different components such as hydrocarbon compounds and other materials like oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen, salt and water. It is normally extracted from the ground, under the seas, and on land and is then transported to refineries. Most of the substances are removed in the refinery, and the oil is broken down and blended into useful products (McCants, 1989). Some of these products include medicines, plastics, fabrics, dyes, cosmetics, and transport fuels. Transportation of crude oil is done ...

The area chosen for analysis of the acid rain effect is New Hampshire. Fig. 1 shows the effect of acid rain in Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. In the area, researchers discovered acid rain by analyzing rainfall and runoff in brooks (Fig. 1) (Evans-Brown, 2014).
Acidity change in water bodies induces dissolving aluminum from soils and rocks and affects fish population since aluminum is toxic. It also stimulates leaching of nutrients from soil, and slows growth of the crops and trees.
The pH of the brook fluctuates within 4.9-5.1 for the last 20 years (Campbell et al., 2007). ...

Chapter 9 and Chapter 11 Narrations

Chapter 9: Acids and Bases
Acids are defined as molecules or ions that are able to donate hydrogen ions to bases. Other authors have defined them as substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They are therefore proton donors (Brent 10-11). Acids and bases have become important components in biological and environmental systems and industrial processes. In fact, most of items found at home contain either acidic or basic substances. Acidic substances, which include grapefruit, lemons, vinegar and lime, taste tart or sour (Lew 1). Acids can be either diluted or concentrated. Concentrated acids such ...

Crude oil is liquid petroleum that is obtained from oil wells. It is basically a fossil fuel that is formed under certain environmental conditions via a process that takes as long as millions of years. Chemically, it is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons i.e. molecules that comprise of long chains or rings of hydrogen and carbon and contains approximately 84-87% carbon and 11-13% hydrogen. Crude oil also contains other molecules such as sulfur, oxygen, helium and nitrogen in varying amounts (Sosnowska 1).
Crude oil can be classified as ‘light’ or ‘heavy’ depending on its relative density. It can also be categorized ...

Energy Conversion is Critical to the Study of Energy

Energy is an integral component of a society. Energy is used in homes, industries and various sectors of the economy. Though energy is derived from many sources and is usually in many forms, it is the conversion of energy from one form to another that makes it usable. For example, energy from coal cannot be useful if it is not converted to electricity. Much of the energy that is used is usually converted from fossil fuels. According to key figures by the European Commission (2011), fossil fuels account for about three quarters of the EU’s energy mix. For example, ...

(Tutor’s Name)
(Assignment)

Summary Report 1

What factors contributed to the problem?
Volcanic activity is a major contributing factor to the issue of climate change. The eruption of volcanoes leads to the release of large quantities of water vapor, ash, dust, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. In the atmosphere, these sulfur dioxide molecules will react with water vapor leading to the formation of sulfuric acid, which is then spread all over the world through winds. The sulfuric acid formed in the atmosphere can significantly affect the amount of solar radiation entering the Earth’s surface and thereby the ...

Sulfur dioxide is considered one of the most harmful contaminant present in our environment today. It not only pollutes the land, but also pollutes water and air. The main reason for its contamination is the acidic nature it possesses. When sulfur dioxide combines with the surrounding water, it forms Sulfuric acid, which damages the soil, and hence affecting the plants which grow in this soil. On the other hand, Organic pollutants such as hydrocarbons are not very harmful because there are no acidic components in it. These pollutants decompose naturally and give of water, which causes no harm to ...

Assignment Questions

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) gets set up by the EPA by the Clean Air Act. The six principle pollutants entail the photochemical oxidants, lead, carbon monoxide, ground-level ozone, sulfur oxides as well as nitrogen oxides. Regulation of surface level ozone reduces the impact and other pollution damages on crops. Likewise, photochemical oxidants prompted particular action from the commission under NAAQS to develop standards that controlled coarse and fine atmospheric particles in the air.
Also, the oxidants had the ability to poison agricultural foods just like lead. Therefore, the optimal level for lead is now at 1.5 mew-grams ...

A sustainable community is one in which regional ecological characteristics can be realized and can persist for many generations appreciating a healthy surrounding, better community life, and a productive economy. A city that is considered sustainable should be able to improve the well-being of its residents without affecting or causing harm to the natural world. Air contamination has emerged as one of the most critical problems affecting the realization of a sustainable community, especially in urban areas. My community, in particular, is a victim of this circumstance and strategies are being put forth to curb this problem.
Air pollution ...

Pollution has become a nuisance in the current times due to the advance of technology and change of lifestyles. Day by day, the pollutants continue to destroy the environment, nature, and air. As a way of controlling the menace, organizations and nations are laying down strict rules towards it governance. The main purpose is to create an equilibrium among the organizations and companies affected and control it. The United States Environmental Protection Agency is the governing body responsible for air pollution. Its recent strike on the county due to the failure to meet the National Ambient Quality Standards might ...

Structural steels are the variety of steel customarily used for construction such as buildings, bridges and as reinforcements to concrete. The form, shapes, and size of structural steels are dependent on the specific function that it will be used on. There are several standards that must be followed when producing structural steels; these standards also include the specifications for the steel’s mechanical properties, chemical composition, specific cross section and shape profile (American Institute of Steel Construction np).
Structural steels have various chemical elements which give its properties. It is very important that the components in making structural steels ...

Global warming has evolved into a demure problem in the present-day world. The problem is very serious, as it concerns a possible lift of temperature and climate alter. Climate warming is a slow and gradual upsurge in the medium temperature on our planet that there is currently. Climate warming is a fact, with which to argue is pointless, and it is therefore necessary to take a sober and objective approach to its understanding. The Earth is warming and this has a tragic effect on the glaciers of our planet. The temperature surges, the ice begins to melt, and the sea level begins to rise. This ...

The environment is under different types of threats. Environmental pollution has been a key issue of concern in the last two centuries. The sustainability of human activities is something that the government has tried to look at in a detailed manner. Air pollution has been one of the most dangerous pollution in the environment. The human activities have contributed much to air pollution. The impacts of air pollution in the environment are massive and hazardous especially to the future generation the human activities especially industrial emission and automotive emission has been the main source of air pollution (Ackerman and William 1468). ...

The rain, when it falls, brings along itself the polluted water, which is obtained from the polluted environment. Acid rain is harmful to the environment as it contains too many harmful components in it. Acid rain is a polluted rain. When the air gets polluted due to industries, emission of carbon dioxide, and the emission of harmful gases from vehicles, these all combine together and create air pollution. This air pollution thus creates polluted clouds and eventually the polluted rain falls. This polluted rain is called acid rain.

According to the scientists, air pollution is the main reason of acid ...

Q.1
The legal issues are part of the business in the modern times, and the companies have to demonstrate greater level and degree of care in order to preserve their stake in the deal. The larger corporate players in the business world often trick the smaller ones into entering a bad deal so the Little Oil Company (LOL) seriously qualifies as smaller company in the featured transaction. The Big Tex Oil Company (BTOC) has to help the formerly mentioned organization in order to make the intended and planned project into a corporate success of historical nature.
However, the confidentiality ...

Introduction

Pollution is the disposal of pollutants or contaminants which could alter and destroy the natural environment or even an ecosystem. Pollutants have many forms such as solid, liquid, noise and radiation. There are also many types of environment or natural resources that could be subjected to pollution. Pollution could also be naturally occurring although the main type of pollution which could result to major change is manmade (Helmer, 1997). There are many kinds of pollution, but there are three major kinds due to their size and effect which are water, air and soil pollution.

Water Pollution

Water is one of the ...

Introduction (Description of the topic and problem addressed) The United States of America has more than 250 million registered vehicles currently in use. Every year, 10 to 11 million vehicles reach their maximum usage on the road and are taken out of service. The above figure clearly explains some of the main environmental impacts that such large number of automobiles both on the roads and on those taken out of service create. The main issues associated with the automobiles when it comes to affecting the environment are centers on climate change, gas emissions, and fuel economy. In an effort ...

Gasoline and Diesel are both derived from petroleum. This is done by heating petroleum so that different components boil at different temperatures. The other products of importance obtained from this process are propane, bitumen, kerosene, etc.

Gasoline is made up of various constituent compounds. The chief constituent is Isooctane (IUPAC name: 2,2,4 – trimethylpentane). Its chemical formula is C8H18 and undergoes combustion according to the following equation.

Gasoline is very volatile liquid (more volatile than diesel). It is very stable. It can be stored indefinitely under proper conditions (Reduced air exposure, cool temperatures, etc.). It has a relative density ...