Taxation Research Papers Samples For Students

Federal income tax refers to the structure of impositions of tax against the incomes of various individuals within the borders of the country (Klein 5). The government therefore exclusively taxes the individual income of all working persons within the borderline of the United States. The federal income tax is bound by the law in all aspects. This therefore implies that all individuals as provided in the guidelines supporting the whole system have an obligation of remitting part of their income to the government annually.

The federal tax income system works in a unique way. Salaries of individuals are taxed according ...

Abstract

The paper focuses on the development of taxation based on contributions of Ricardo, Smith and Petty. They both developed the taxation idea from Locke’s theory of a single tax on rent. Their major contribution was on the incident tax, which demonstrates value system, power relations and group interests on taxation. Finally, the paper analyzes how taxation influences economic decision in the 21st century.

Introduction

The development of political economy in the 17th century was characterized by an effort to flee from Locke’s theorem that all taxes would eventually fall on the rent of land as well as his proposal ...

1) Introduction of Economic Issue
In my point of view, I completely disagree with the notion that the rich should pay more taxes. I strongly oppose over payment of taxes from the rich. In my point of view, the rich should be thanked for their great contribution to the economy of a nation rather than forcing them to pay more taxes than an ordinary citizen. It would be totally unfair to them to be victimized just because they are rich in the society (Olken, & Singhal, 2009). There are a number of reasons why I oppose this notion; one thing that ...

Does increasing Cigarette Tax Help in Reducing Number of Smokers? To what extend does it decrease smokers if it leads to decreased smokers?

Abstract

Many governments have continuously increased i cigarettes taxes for the last decades. However, governments have been recording increased revenue from cigarette taxes despite decreasing number of smokers. The revenue raised has been used to finance ant tobacco campaigns across the country. Tobacco is a habit forming commodity this makes adults who have been smoking for long not to change their habits in short run. Researchers have given two main reasons for their behavior. First and foremost, the increased ...

Episode 2: Utilitarianism

The utilitarianism theory is referred to as a normative theory because of its characteristics and positive advocacies in the society, for example, its championship for a utilitarian society that is free from control of the government and one that causes more happiness (West, 214). The proponents of the utilitarianism theory believe that human beings are rational and are able to judge between good ideas and bad ones. Human beings have their individual rights that should be respected and not be infringed at any cost. One of the human rights supported by utilitarianism and one that is deeply discussed in one of ...

The marijuana legalization issue was first debated over 100 years ago by BIHDC (British Indian Hemp Drugs Commission). This commission resorted to a defined conclusion that; cannabis sativa (marijuana) was detrimental to human health,and the best way out was to impose high taxation to this drug. Prohibition of this drug was inevitable; the best solution was to tax the crop highly. This resolution failed after several years of attempts. Marijuana remained a legal drug in India until the year 1989 when it was phased off by the single convention international narcotics treaty (Gahlinger 2004). Over the recent past, an acute ...

Abstract

In the paper clearly defines the term progressive taxation. He also presents an argument that has points in favor of this taxation system and against the system. He considers progressive system fair in a way that it promotes harmony, equality and economic stability in the society. The writer argues against the system by saying it unjust and inequality with the rich people. Moreover, he considers it favoritism for the poor. The points in the topic present an in depth research regarding the progressive method of taxation and presents all the positivity and negativity.

Is Progressive Taxation Fair? What Arguments Could Be Made That It Is Fair Or Unfair?

Progressive taxation is when the government charges ...

Introduction

In the second half of XX century a trend towards scaling up and strengthening the role of the state in the economic sphere. At the same time it is recognized that the highest efficiency is achieved in a competitive market mechanism. Therefore, the state aims to not adjust the market mechanism, and to create conditions for its free operation, providing a high level of competition. Competition should be wherever possible regulatory influence of the state, and wherever it is needed. Most economists converge in the understanding that the "invisible hand of the market" is required to be supplemented by the "visible hand ...

Introduction

The present taxation system in Brazil was established by the 1988 Brazilian constitution that gave power to the State, Municipal, and Federal Governments to collect the taxes. Because of the numerous regulations that each of the three governments enacted, the taxation system in Brazil is very complex, and this leads to an environment where the authorities require the taxpayers to comply with various obligations comprising tax collection as well as reporting. The tax regulations and laws in Brazil are among the most confusing and hard to comply with throughout the world. The many rules that the three levels of ...

[Author Name(s),First M. Last, Omit Titles, and Degrees]
Economic development changes society in a manner that it becomes more and more difficult for the country to remain in the hands of a single man or a group of powerful elite. The change results to transforming the social and economic framework and then moving towards a changed attitude of the population in general. The primary concern of the countrymen is to achieve a commercial greater status and increase their wealth holdings. This changing scenario leads to people taking to skilled professions; they learn the importance of collective effort ...

The chapter of Internal Revenue Code defines partnership as an association formed by two or more persons who perform trade or business together. Each group is expected to contribute equal capital, labor skills and any other required resource with the expectation of getting share profits or share benefits. There are different types of partnerships including the general partnership, a limited partnership among other types. The partnership is subjected to various tax regulations including the "Check-the-Box" regulations. It allows most unincorporated business entities including various kinds of partnerships to choose the federal tax status. The goal of the paper is ...

International Security

Debatably, the most potent lesson that all nations learnt from the first and second world wars, is the fact that sustaining war is one of the most expensive forms of public spending. War can drain the economic strength of a country to an extent that a country can shift from a first class economy to a middle income economy. Historians have always had to look at war as a detrimental social phenomenon that has negative impacts on the economic development of the state h, as well as the country building process. Contrary to this assumption, war has positive aspects as well. In the contexts ...

Abstract

Subsidies mean that the government pays for what would have been paid by consumers thus reducing the overall expenditure. Thus, subsidies have a far-reaching economic implication to the economy since it reduces the overall cost of production, besides stabilizing the prices of commodities within a reasonable limit. Indeed, high subsidy level means a lower cost of production. Moreover, allowing subsidies spurs economic growth since it lowers the operational expenses of production. Other consequential impacts associated with subsidies include improved living standard of the general public due to the overall affordability of commodities. On the other hand, a subsidy to ...

Taxes are in direct relation with the macro-economic operation of the state, in which, the revenue generated by the state is invested to ensure the smooth running of the administration; it also directly affects the micro-economic behavior of consumers/individuals/citizens as well as numerous public goods and services. Every action or policy pertaining to economic structure has a benefit or a drawback (Agliardi, 2001). People are influenced by incentives: will a particular product or a service satisfy their demand? How will it bring private benefits to them? Does the use of that particular product or a service has an overall positive/negative social cost? If the ...

The term economic growth can be defined as the increase in productive capacity of the country. Is measured by comparing the GNP in a given year with that of the previous year. Some of the principal causes of economic growth include increased capital, advancement in technology and sustainable development among others.
Currently, the World Bank has taken the responsibility of advising some of the newly industrialised countries such as Singapore and Hongkong on how they can improve their economic growth. The World Bank aims at delivering financial and technical assistance to the countries that are most in needs so ...

A tax is a compulsory contribution from an individual to the government. This payment to the government does not usually result to supply of goods and services to an individual. However, tax is important to any country in that it enables the government run its daily activities and in addition, the government is able to provide goods and services that the private sectors are not willing to supply due to the fact that these goods and services are unprofitable or it is not possible to exclude people from consuming the goods (Forbes, 47). The type of tax levied by government ...

Issue: For the economic development and well-being of the Americans, should tax reform that focuses on tax cut be introduced by the Obama administration?

Thesis: Understanding tax reforms in the USA is of great benefit as it helps re-organize the country's economic reform policy. This can however only be achieved via the accomplishment of sound tax reforms. Comprehensive understanding of a country's tax reform strategies determines the prosperity of country's economy. The USA government should thus undertake rigorous tax reform as it is essential for tax policy making and the general economic development.

Tax reform has been of interest for ...

Brief history

Zurich Financial Services Company was started in 1872. As the name suggests, the company‘s intention was to offer extremely reliable financial services to the citizens of Switzerland. The company had been created to offer marine reinsurance services. It was originally known as the “Versicherungs-Verein” which meant the Insurance Association. After several acquisitions, in 2ooo the company changed its name to Zurich Financial Services in order to incorporate the many companies that it had acquired according to their functions. Zurich Financial Services Company is the biggest insurer in Switzerland. The company has also become extremely competitive in the global ...

Introduction.

The future of human-kind depends on state’s capacities rights. If this argument is anything to go by then states must focus on the contributions of the corporate businesses and private sectors, and how such interface with public expectations and values. This interface describes how billions of people dependent upon the state must service both in dignity and in an economical perspective. For the last few years corporations operating both domestically and internationally shield their profits from taxation troubling tax payers and governments alike. There has, however, been a limited effort to associate such tax evasion to corporate responsibility in ...

Arguably, taxes are part of experience in which human beings undergo in any nations. The global economy depends tremendously on tax, the only variation comes are a result of the type of tax system implemented. Taxation rules and tax systems are critically complicated in most countries. In fact, an economy that receives very small percentage of income from tax mainly operates at a deficit due to failure to sustain itself. Hence, they are forced to borrow from other nation or international organizations such as the World Bank. Globally, many nations have cut their corporate tax rates and implemented flat tax rate. ...

The advantages and disadvantages of the four different forms of business organization, when starting a business, there are several issues to consider as to the kind of business one aspires to start. The kind of business that someone can start varies in structure and has a big bearing on the operation of the business. There are other implications that vary from taxation to legal implication and accounting processes. Each of these businesses has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Sole proprietorship

This is most common and simplest form of business to start. This is because an individual can easily start, own and manage a business, ...

Introduction and background information

The underground market is a precise example of free economic activity at work. The markets are entirely unregulated except by the participants themselves. No taxation takes place, and it is possible to pursue activities in the underground market which are illegal. The market can be very popular. Indeed, the smugglers (the earlier form of underground markets) were sometimes, known as ‘free traders ‘in medieval Europe.
The major factor influencing the growth of the underground market is high taxation by governments. The increased tax is because of the ever increasing public expenditure with dwindling resources at the disposal. Reversal is ...

Introduction

The America constitution entitles every citizen the duty of paying income taxes. The criteria use to implement the law on taxes payer has created a feeling of unfairness. The outcome from the taxation practice has resulted in taxpayers developing an interest or idea of renouncing their U.S citizenship in order to evade paying the income taxes.
Renouncing of US citizenship is justified in the immigration and nationality act. It therefore implies that most of the US citizens have escaped paying their taxes. This is because it is a right for every citizen; it therefore plays a very fundamental role in tax ...

Energy industry has of late become a very crucial part of the world economy. The best example is exhibited by the reliance on energy by any industry and this makes virtually the whole world economy to be run by the energy industry. For this reason, the energy industry has come to the spotlight requiring great regulation and control so as to ensure equitable allocation and responsible use of the energy being supplied to the economy (John, 2011).
For this reason, energy sector has become a very important sector of the economy which has attracted very many investors. This has made ...

A major objective in managing the Australian economy is to improve the standard of living of everyone in the community. About one in every nine (over 2.2 million) Australians live in income poverty today. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the 90/10 ratio of disposable income was 4.21 in 2009/10 as compared to 1994/95 when it stood at 3.78 (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012). The government in collaboration with investors and non-governmental organizations is working to reverse the inequality in Australia.

Statistics on inequality

The ABS also reports that, in 2011, the median personal income of Australians was $577 while ...

Outline

Introduction-Thesis Statement
This research paper explores the reforms made in the health care sector to ease service delivery and access to health care and include: insurance reform; quality of health care; cost and efficiency; reform of health service provider’s incentives; and tax reforms. Health care reform eliminates the disparities in provision of health care and ensures smooth running of operations in the health care sector

Discussion

Insurance Reforms
These reforms aim to make insurance rules and regulations more flexible and thus more accessible to the public and to reduce the manipulative tendencies of many insurance companies.

Quality of Health Care

Reforms ...

Benefits and drawbacks of VAT

As a taxing system, VAT has been used globally since the 1950’s and it presents unique benefits and drawbacks in itself. First, VAT is beneficial in generating income for governments which is important to cover government expenses as Stiglitz and Rosengard, (2015) observe. Since VAT is vast and is imposed to most produced goods and services, most governments regard it as money production engine. Through this taxation system also, tax evasion is minimized. Consequentially, a reliable income source is achieved by governments. Through value added tax system, it is also possible to enter into regional protocols (Pomeranz, 2015). ...

Introduction

Switching the United States’ current income tax system would benefit the country as a whole. Therefore, variations of the flat tax that are proposed, some of which set a percentage on income while others set a percentage on sales tax. Those arguing in favour of such tax reforms contend that it will eliminate the complexity of our current system and the loopholes. This will contribute towards boosting of the economy. One such proposal, on which a number of books have been written, is called Fairtax. This is a flat rate sales tax only on new items. For example, if someone were to buy a used ...

Interest rates are amounts charged by lenders to borrowers as fees on borrowed assets. The interest rate is the price an individual pays for the use of money they have borrowed; it can be thought of as an economic rent. When a person deposits money in a bank, they receive interest as a percentage of the total amount deposited. Similarly, when an individual borrows money, they pay interest to the lender as a percentage of the total money they owe the lender. The percentage of the principal amount paid as a fee over a given period is the interest rate. Interest rates are macroeconomic variables ...

Abstract

The Tea Party Movement is a movement marred with a mix of rejoinders and ideologies. Coming from a long history dating back in mid to late 18th century, the movement has stuck its roots deep into the American society. Various writers have taken a keen interest in the Tea Party Movement and trying to grasp its fundamental belief pattern. However, sad to say is, the fact that, with such a complex setting, it is imperative that different factions of the movement hold divergent beliefs that tend to create relative confusion. While one faction believes that the tax burden is overwhelming, others take such opportunities ...

Thesis Statement

Marijuana should be legalized because the legalization will bring economic benefits, such as tax revenue, creation of new jobs, and money which was used to fight marijuana smokers also can be saved. This marijuana research paper digs into this thesis statement.

Introduction

Marijuana is a drug that has been around for some time; it is a completely natural, typically unprocessed narcotic that has an incredible appeal to millions of people as a recreational drug. However, the prohibition of marijuana has left a giant missed opportunity for the American economy. Instead of taking advantage of this bumper crop, its illegal status has made otherwise normal, friendly people to seek out the drug on their ...

The tax system is a crucial sector in the economy of a country because it will regulate the extent to which individuals and companies should pay taxes on the profits realized from any returns. Tax efficiency is the effort of the government through the taxation body to minimize tax liability hence, in the end, will translate into a better form of taxation. On the other hand, the equity of a tax system is the phenomenon of a taxing body to try to make it equitable for all people to pay a certain amount of money that will go into ...

Impact of Low Expenditure on Welfare Programs

Abstract
The level of expenditure in a particular economy directly affects the provision of welfare programs in that particular country. This paper particularly investigates the impact of a low expenditure on welfare programs in the United States of America. The paper explains in detail both the negative and positive implications of low expenditure in the United States. Specifically, the paper looks into how low expenditure reduces the morale to work and the negative implication of this on income levels. Moreover, the paper shows how low expenditure makes the redistribution role of the government to collapse thereby leading to income ...

[Institution’s Name]

Section-A

- Natural Assessment: Natural assessment requires analyzing the natural environment in which a company is doing its operations accordingly. It is required to analyze the environment of natural assessment for a company to make the organization economically and strategically fit and active. Natural assessment is a type of analysis in which, it is analyzed that is the company is operating in a deficiency based analysis and what would be the recommended strategy while operating in such an activity . For a manufacturing or services oriented organization, analysis of natural assessment is important and it is required that deficiency or shortage of a single ...

Abstract

The project deals with entrepreneurship as well as the ways it contributes to economy. The research is based on the latest data possible from the most influential surveys giving saturation coverage to the problem raised, with empirical opinions being given by world’s finest economists and data being collected by subject field researchers, who conducted investigations and professional observations.
Key words: entrepreneurship, economy, taxation, launch, investment.
Entrepreneurship is a type of independent economic activity aimed at floating and managing a new economically profitable enterprise. Whether it be subsidized by state, private bank or run by a businessman an enterprise produces ...

1. Monetary Policy

Monetary policy is a strategy related to the flow of money in the economy and its value. It also shows the association between rate of interests in the economy and the total supply of money and exchange rates. It is also a demand side policy which the government can use to accomplish its macroeconomic goals; that is, maintain economic growth, low rate of inflation, low unemployment and stability of payments equilibrium. Moreover, monetary policy is known as accommodative, if the interest rate laid down by the central monetary power is planned to create economic growth; neutral, if it ...

1. United States v. Cesarini, 296 F.Supp. 3 (N.D. Ohio 1969), is a historical case that decided by United State District Court, the court ruled that property for treasure trove included in gross income for the tax year when realized.
2. § 1.74-1 Prizes and awards. b) Excluded from gross income. Section 74(b) it happens when such prize or award was made solely in recognition of achievements in the past of the recipient in religious, charitable, literary, educational, artistic, or civic fields (Arkin)
3. Yes. It's not common within the IRS, section 7430 of the Internal Revenue Code. IRC ...

Position Paper

Introduction
The United States’ health care system has for a long time been operated and owned by the private sector. In fact, about fifty-eight percent of the community hospitals are accredited to the non-governmental organizations. An average of about 60-65 percent is accounted for from programs such as the Veterans Health Administration, Medicare, Children’s Health Insurance Program and Medicare. This has ensured a smooth functioning of the healthcare system especially when it is compared to the systems of different countries.
According to the Migration Health Annual Report (2004), from the Institute of Medicine, it is evident that despite ...

Many a time have people heard about politicians who do plenty of talking. However, verbal rhetoric is only meaningful when backed by actual deeds aimed at the improvement of what politicians oversee, which is society and its welfare. The incumbent Senate President of New Jersey, Stephen Sweeney is one of such politicians who may be said to utilize his legislative authority to its limit. He has showed his aptitude in areas, such as education, property ownership, taxation, healthcare, and the protection of different social categories. Of course, as with other prominent politicians, however renowned, Sweeney has made some controversial ...

There is a considerable and sizeable population of small business in the US economy. Statistically speaking there are over 28 million small business that occurs with small business specifically indicating businesses with fewer than 500 employees. Over 22, million individuals are self-employed without any additional payrolls or having employed other persons. Of the working population, a considerable percentage of over 50% that translates to 120 million individuals work in the small business (US statistics and data, 2016). Small business on average have modest turnovers that attract income taxes on the cash generated. Business entities are relevant in the generation ...

Order# 209828430

Energy Markets
The issue about carbon dioxide emission is a big argument in many countries. Many countries including the United States have come up with policies to curb the use of carbon emission in factories and other sectors. Many factories including power plants produce carbon dioxide in order to produce electricity. There are many power plants in the country and they produce an energy at large measure which means they also produce carbon dioxide in large quantities. According to Reuters, the EPA is setting a standard for the amount of carbon dioxide produced in power plants. Power plants mainly use ...

(Student’s Full Name)

Abstract

This paper intends to show the tax avoidance strategies which can be used by a tax lawyer or an accountant to reduce a multinational technology company’s taxes. Furthermore, this paper intends to show the difference between tax evasion and tax avoidance, as defined by specific scholarly articles. The strategies which will be mentioned include: the “Double Irish,” the “Dutch Sandwich,” and the “Check-the Box Rule”. Each strategy will be defined and examples of companies which have used such strategies will be given. This paper, which is essentially a tax plan which will instruct a multinational technology corporation (MNC) ...

Introduction3

Memorandum one4
Peaceful tax. 4
Facts 4
Issue. .4
Answer. .4
Analysis..4
Memorandum two..5

Facts5

Issue.5
Answer.. ..6

Analysis6

Assignment 3 .7
Publicly traded partnerships.. 7

Benefits of publicly traded partnerships 7

Summary..8

Resources used.8

Memorandum oneTo: From: RE: Peaceful taxFactsPeaceful is an accrual basis taxpayer that provides funeral services and sell related goods to these services. Owing to the rise in goods and services, customers have found it very difficult to pay their goods conveniently, to the extent that some of these clients have opted for cheaper goods and services ( Larson& Sheaffer, 2011).This move has worked to the disadvantage ...

Facilitator:

The middle class group in American traverse along diverse earnings with some of them earning lowly as others earn highly. However, the common point among the middle class people revels in the level of education they claim and the prowess in different fields (David et al., 2010). Studies identify the middle class as people in possession of the greater part of the American economy, with arguably good educational levels and middle level incomes. Further inference shows that the middle class people possess a better part of the American trade market due to their advanced purchases and sales characters (Pressman, 2010). ...

Hydraulic fracturing is one of the popular methods of producing natural gas being applied in US in extraction of Shale Gas. The method has been hailed as a success in producing clean gas and as a source of energy that is responsibly produced. However, the method has its limitations in that it involves negative externalities. In this respect, this analysis seeks to explain the process, its pros and cons as well as its costs.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING PROCESS AND COSTS

Hydraulic fracturing for shale gas extraction has been in US since 194o with an average of 90 percent of US gas and oil production being through hydraulic ...

Missouri is a large state that is situated in the western part of the United States of America. It has four major cities and over 110 counties. This makes it a highly populated state in the country. According to the demographic analysis done in the state, the population has been increasing over the years due to increase in foreigners who come in search of jobs and settlement (Hoffhaus 10). However, this population has been regulated to avoid overpopulation in the state. The people living in this state are of diverse backgrounds. This has brought in diverse ideas to form constructive activities ...

Engagement

Being one of the attendees to the Conference in Turkey, dubbed “Combating climate change, and the private sector” and hosted by the Turkey Industry and Business Association (TUSIAD). The topic for the conference is as mentioned above, and it had an array of issues to address about the political as well as the economic climate of the country (Moss et al. 750). Therefore, the paper involves a combination of the issues relating to the engagement and the research-based inferences relating to the effects of the climate change in Turkey to both business and political temperatures within the nation.
It ...

Introduction

Although all federal systems of government shares a three-level government system, consisting of the federal, state/provincial, and local governments, the functions of these governmental levels, particularly that of the local government, can vary widely as adopted in various federations around the world (Steytler, 2005), such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, and South Africa, and as these government are transforming from the nation state into the market state (Treverton, 2005). Nevertheless, the constitutional allocation of powers to the three government levels plays a crucial role in the similarities and differences of their respective functions (Steytler, ...

Introduction – Immigration Crisis and Socio-Economic Development in Netherlands

Being part of the European Union, it was natural for The Netherlands to be impacted by the immigration crisis which had hit almost entire Europe. On one hand the administration of the country had to develop and implement strategies aimed at addressing the immigration crisis . Initially, the country had resorted to sealing the borders to prevent the influx of refugees . However, with international attention on the crisis - especially highlighted by the capsizing of boats carrying refugees in the Mediterranean Sea the nation had to resort to finally accepting immigrants into the nation. Needless to state that this move ...

In partnership Act, a partnership is the relation that exists between persons carrying out business in common with the aim of making a profit. When each partner agrees to contribute property, capital and labor for his share in the partnership, they form a general partnership. The partnership agreement provides for the way in which profit and losses are to be shared. However, profits should be shared equally amongst the partners if it does not exist. Under general partnership, each partner has an equal right to participate in the management, decision making and control of the business. The majority partners resolve disagreements in ...

Tax ramifications refer to the tax consequences of an action. It is the impact of tax on undertaking certain transactions or in a business situation. Business nexus refers to the amount and degree of operations a business carries out before the state imposes a tax on the amount of income it receives. Once the criterion has been established, the owner of the business is responsible for collecting and remitting the amount of tax to the relevant tax authority in the relevant country. Therefore, business nexus tax ramification is the tax consequences of the actions or activities undertaken by business and the extent ...

Stigma and discrimination continue to be a problem in society, especially when it comes to issues of same-sex marriages. Same sex marriages, even if they are acceptable by law have not been fully embraced by the society. The situation is made worse when it comes to handling older adults who fall under the category of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT). These older adults have for the longest time experienced disparities on matters of health, more especially in the areas of access to health care, mental health, HIV/AIDS as well as chronic physical conditions. There is a wide range of physical ...

Evidently, the United States comprises of various states. A close analysis of the various states shows that they have distinct forms of government. Despite the differences that exists in the governments of each state, it is of the essence to note that these government exhibit certain similarities. The similarities amongst various state governments align with the fact that the United States constitution dictates that all state governments should be republican in nature. The differences exhibited by the state government emanate from the difference in procedures and structures of each state government. Californian and Texas governments occur as some of ...

Executive summary

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) addresses the challenges facing the health industry. The government has been implementing the provisions in incremental stages since 2010 and more changes are still underway. This report discusses the impact that this act has on indoor tanning services by analyzing the indoor tanning services tax, health insurance coverage duty on employers and the additional Medicare tax. Firstly, the indoor services tax applies to businesses offering tanning services as their predominant activity. However, the law provides tax exemptions to providers such as phototherapy services, qualified physical fitness facilities, spray-on tanning services and those selling tanning ...

The Garment Industry has been faced with a lot of challenges in many countries across the world. First, Labor shortage is a common problem to the garment industry not only in New York but also in the third world countries. It is accelerated by the fact that few people are skilled to work in the textile industry. In other countries, people simply do not like working in the textile industry which leads to low manpower in the industry. This affects the production in the sense that there are few people to carry out the processes leading low to output. Inadequate labor ...

The Garment industry, also known as the textile industry, is concerned with the manufacture of cloth and yarn as well as subsequent design or clothing manufacturing and distribution. Raw materials used in this industry are either natural or synthetic. Natural materials include cotton and silk while synthetic materials are manufactured in a chemical process in the laboratory through combination of polymers. The textile industry though very crucial since without it human beings would still be walking around in hides and skins, has been faced with numerous challenges not only in New York but even in other places across the world. ...

The first research question that I would choose is “Should taxes on people making over $250,000 a year be changed?” The research question would be appropriate because it comes at a time when there is a debate about restructuring taxes charged on the citizens and corporations. On one hand, some people are of the view that the richest individuals should be taxed heavily, and their taxes used to support programs that would bring about poverty alleviation. In the long run, it is opined, this is would bring economic equity to the society and bridge the gap between the rich and the ...

Should China implement a carbon tax?

For the last century, China’s ineluctable rise ranks among the most salient world developments. Few years ago, U.S.A was still facing economic indigence. Come the end of this century, China’s economy is set to transcend that of the United States (Ella 3). China rises to world’s economic giants, is on the basis of its huge productive volume. Chris, in his documentary, depicts how beautifully China rises, using strict noninterference policy while trading and investing with her partners (Ella 4). China differs from America since she signs lucrative contracts for oil, instead of using brutal power.
...

- The issue:

- Summary of authorities.
Code 61(a) attempts to define gross income, for the purposes of taxation, as all incomes derived from sources such as: compensation for services e.g. fees, commissions and fringe benefits, interest, rent, dividends, royalties, annuities, pensions, gross income derived from business. It also states that the definition for gross income includes all the above types of incomes but it is not limited to those sources. Reg-1-61-2 summarizes gross income to mean all incomes earned as compensation for services, including fees, commissions and other similar items.
According to Sec. 451(a), items of ...

The aspect of public attitude towards taxation is a geopolitical issue that has influenced the behavior of many people in America. Notably, Americans usually have a strong negative feeling regarding local property tax because it is not fair in its administration. However, some of the locals share their mixed reactions about federal involvement in an effort to regulate the local property taxes. In a survey conducted in America, it was established that 44% preferred that the federal government should avoid interfering with the local property taxes, 32% opted for a new value added tax, while 14% opted for a high income tax levy on the ...