Essays on Cell Growth

Magnesium is an essential nutrient

Magnesium is a mineral which is of great abundance in the human body. Along with enzymes, it is important for protein synthesis, muscle regulation and a host of other important cellular factors such as oxidative phosporylation, energy production which involves production and utilization of ATP and glycolysis. Additionally, Magnesium is required to assist in different cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription and RNA translation(Barbagallo, 2012). Magnesium is found usually in the bones and or in the soft tissues of humans. Next to Potassium, it is the most abundant ion in the body. The plasma actually contains ...

Cortisol is a steroid hormone synthesized in adrenal glands with a myriad of functions mainly in the endocrine and immune systems, and produced during stress circumstances. Under normal conditions, stimuli such as a pathogen release immune proteins called interleukins, which further activate T-lymphocyte cells. T-cells multiply to amplify the immune response and ultimately attack the pathogen (Abbas, 2014). Other immune responses are simultaneously activated, e.g. the complement system. The complement system exerts its functions through three pathways: classical, alternative or lectin pathways. The main activators of the classical pathway are antigen-antibody complexes, which trigger a series of events mainly mediated by complement proteins ...

Debra Dutton

BIO 201 Pollution and the Human Body The human body has an incredible defense and healing system. It uses the various senses like smell, sight and taste to filter the food, air and water as they get into the body. The skin safeguards the body tissues and internal organs from environmental hazards. The skin also senses the variations in environmental temperatures and acts as the body’s stimuli in controlling the body temperature. The brain and the nervous system are part of the complex response and flight mechanism that responds to emergencies and dangers. An army of ...

Introduction

Mitochondrion plays vital roles in the performance of tissue. It is important, therefore, that their isolation and study are advanced to correct anomalies that arise out of the mitochondria failure. Instances of a mitochondria failure in neuronal tissue have been reported to cause anomalies such as epilepsy and ageing. Since mitochondria is responsible for the production of ATP in the cells, failure or inefficiency of these organelles causes a dysfunction in their component tissue leading to some ailment in the host organism. Many methods exist for the extraction and observation of mitochondria, some of these methods include, differential centrifugation and the ...

Colorectal cancer is one of the malignant diseases that claim a lot of deaths across the globe. Though causes of cancer are unknown, research believes that there is a strong link between cancer cells and the standards of nutrition (Jun, 2013, p.145). In addition, one’s heritage and lineage contributes to an individual’s risk to developing cancer cells. This means that nutritional factors can prohibit or stimulate the growth of colorectal cancer. Thus, it is evident that dietary habits and heretical genes are the key components in enhancing the colorectal carcinogenesis. It is crucial to not that cancer has become a leading ...

The product opportunity is based on the consistent on awareness on different types of cancer with a global date set to create global awareness annually. The awareness programs and campaigns are largely aimed at advocating need for testing among patients for early diagnosis in relation to creating a cancer free environment. However, the fact that those diagnosed are offered a new chance to fight the disease indicates the essence of chemotherapy drugs to facilitate full recovery of these patients. The significant problems that Chemotherapeutic Anti-cancer agents are likely to solve due to the compounds that it possess with potent activity within ...

DNA DAMAGE

1. Introduction The p53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene that is activated whenever a cell is subjected to cell damage. The p53 gene determines whether a cell should survive a damage or should undergo apoptosis. These decisions are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Phosphorylation of the serine 46 residue is one such modification that is relevant to this study. However, it is unclear why a Ser46 phosphorylated p53 favors apoptosis over survival (Feng et al. 2006, p. 2812; Taira et al. 2014, p. 717). Studies have shown that the elusive molecular mechanism of Ser46 phosphorylation of p53 induce apoptosis in the tumor ...

Properties of Life

When it comes to dealing with cells as a structural and functional unit of all kinds of life on earth, it is important to understand the biological concept of what constitutes life. Most biologists, including cell biologists will agree that life is defined according to seven principles. First, that living things are composed of cells. A cell is a unit that makes up all kinds of life, whether it is a bacterial life or plant life or human life. The second principle is that there are different levels of organization in life – cells make up tissues, tissues make up organs, and so ...

Sorting of the Receptor

Response to questions Q. A Describe the main pathway turned ‘on’ by the EGFR to regulate cell growth MAPK/ERK pathway is the main pathway, which is turned on by EGFR in order to regulate cell growth. This path comprises of a chain of proteins within the cell, which communicates a signal from the cell receptor surface to the DNA within the cell nucleus. When a molecule binds to the receptor at the cell surface, a signal is induced and ends when the DNA expresses a protein, which in turn produces some changes within the cell. One of the common changes are cell ...

Introduction

Breast cancer affects the breast tissue. There are two forms of this cancer: one type originates from the ducts and is commonly known as ductal carcinoma while that which originates in the lobules is termed as lobular carcinoma. In women, breast cancer accounts for over 22 percent of all cancers (Suter & Marcum, 2007). The molecular underpinnings of breast cancer are very complex and have different cellular pathways particularly those of cell growth and proliferation. Examples of these pathways include MAPK; TP53; P13K/AKAT/mTOR and RB/E2F (Suter & Marcum, 2007). At the molecular level, these pathways are a representation of molecular mechanisms ...

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of all time. It was considered as a disease that cannot be remedied except for the medical breakthroughs in the past half century. So deep is cancer’s fear that it instills depression in its sufferers as soon as its name is mentioned. However, thanks to medical breakthroughs it is curable and the media emphasizes on this night and day. What is cancer and how does it spread, what are its kinds and how it influences the society? An attempt has been made answer these questions in the following article. Keywords: ...

Introduction:

The function of many living organisms is coupled with a vast array of cells .These units in turn serve as role playing agents for the fundamental physiology that determines the well being of organisms. However, variations in cellular environment are thought to regulate cell growth, division and survival. A network of molecular pathways or signaling events are interlinked with the cellular functions .Alterations in this specific functional aspect could lead to unnecessary complications which may lead to health abnormalities. In such context , the present description is concerned with highlighting about mTOR Signaling in Carcinogenesis. mTOR stands for mammalian target ...

Using NanoMaterials to Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth

According to the American Cancer Society, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 2013). Thus, there are intensive efforts to develop new approaches for treating this chronic disease. A type of compound that is known to have inhibitory effects on cell growth are nanomaterials (Arora, Rajwade, & Paknikar, 2012), so investigation into the anti-cancer effects of these molecules is appropriate. Furthermore, nanomaterials have previously been studied as a delivery method for cancer drugs with good results (Tripisciano Kraemer, Taylor, & Brorowiak-Palen, 2009). The present research proposes studying the use of nanomaterials ...

Summer 2013

Abstract Reliable techniques to meet the needs of patients with peripheral nerve repair injuries need to be refined. One of the strategies often used is to create a nerve guidance channel or build a nerve conduit Silicone is has been found to work well as a conduit from an injury for regenerated axon cells if it does not contain foreign components. The cycle of the cleaning treatment was repeated until the Pentane-Acetone-Heat Procedure was successful and the plated cells survived for several weeks. The duration of the plating and cell count using the cleaned silicone lasted from May 3, 2013 to ...

Actin in Plant Cells

Actin, one of the most abundant proteins, occurs in all eukaryotic cells constituting almost five percent of cellular protein. Actin is the predominant component of the cytoskeleton. It is worth noting that the all-important cytoskeleton of a plant has three principal components; actin filament, microtubules and intermediate filaments (Jeon, 2003). As a component of the cytoskeleton of plant and animal cells, actin is of crucial importance in a plethora of cell processes that act in concert to govern cell growth and morphology. The cell processes influenced by the actin cytoskeleton include; cell division, organelle movement, vesicle trafficking, organelle motility, and cell signaling, ...