Essays on Earthquakes

Response

The crustal instability and volcanic activity are the factors playing extremely important role in Southeast Asian realm’s present and future. Being part of the Pacific ring of fire, this realm experiences severe earthquakes and tsunamis rather often. For instance, in 2004 a 1000 km underwater rupture caused a tsunami that led to death of around 230,000 people in the region (Shah). Eventually, it also led to serious destruction and large economic loss. Given that the countries of the realm never were the top of the list developed countries, rather harsh physiographic condition come as an extra obstacle ...

QUESTION 1

One can begin to think clearly about these types of events without being "that guy,” and one can have a rational discussion about this. One of the characteristics of Extremistan is that it is more likely to be found in our modern society implying that it is living and not dependent on the old environment like mediocristan. Mediocristan tends to favor the weak by making sure that the total is not determined by a single instance whereas, in Extremistan a person gets the full due of what they are supposed to get. It, therefore, goes without saying that one ...

Hawai'i was the 50th state to join the USA. It comprises 132 islands and is said to be the home of volcanic islands. These islands reside in the Central Pacific Ocean. Moana Loa is one of the top most active volcanoes that had formed the island of Hawaii in the ocean (Networks, 2016). The movement of plate tectonics has resulted in the volcanic eruption and, however, the volcano towering and presence of valleys had a significant impact on the economic value.

Theory of plate tectonics

Plate tectonics theory explains that upper layer of the earth’s surface is segregated into various plates that ...

Abstract

Disaster analysis is essential in the management of disasters. It assists in the identification of gaps in the management cycle within a given region. Management of disasters occurs in four cycles including planning or preparedness, response, recovery, as well as mitigation. Planning is an essential tool in all the phases of the cycle. The primary aim of disaster response is to offer immediate aid to improve health, sustain life, as well as assist in the improvement of the morale of the affected population. Recovery phase aims at restoring the infrastructure as well as the operations of the community services ...

Natural disasters affect a large of people around the worked and this is rising because of climate change and the rising concentration of people inhabiting the areas that are more exposed to natural disasters. These natural disasters reduce the economic growth and a significant impact on poverty and social welfare, which affects the developing countries, and their most vulnerable populations. While natural disasters cannot be prevented, actions can be taken to reduce their human and economic costs. This paper looks at a large-scale natural disaster such as the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004, the effect it had on the ...

The paper defines fracking, describes its merits and demerits. Besides, it discusses effects of fracking on the environment. It concludes that fracking should be stopped and offers ways of stopping fracking. Fracking is a concept that denotes a method of drilling into the ground then directing a high-pressure mixture of water at the rock as well as rock formations to produce gas and oil (Lane, 2013). The mixture consists of chemicals, sand, as well as water, which is directed at a rock at some high pressure to eject gas or oil to the earth's surface. A fracking procedure can ...

Abstract

This project serves to focus on the country of Saudi Arabia and how the nation, handles school preparedness when it comes to disasters. Saudi Arabia is a developing country. The researcher argues that more need to be done in making sure children are protected in a developing society when a disaster happens. Some of the disasters explored in the discussion include fires, earthquakes, hurricanes and terrorist attacks. The researcher believes that while there is potential to rectify this issue, more future research needs to be done. In the exploration of the topic, the author found that there were vulnerabilities ...

When nature disaster occurs, it is significant to provide an appropriate physical and mental care. Depending on the level of disaster, health care professionals should build an effective unique system for a mitigation of damage. Nurses should be aware of the possibility of occurrence the several kinds of nature disaster within the community belonged to their area of responsibility. The theoretical and practical experience that they accumulated can serve as a chance to save the disaster victims. It is generally known that disaster is an extraordinary situation, which can lead to the appearance of human victims and material losses. ...

As a large automobile manufacturer, our core mission is to develop into internationally competitive automobile company. Firstly, to approach the situation, we need to know what impact the economic development has on the environment. Our company cannot successfully pursue pecuniary interest, if its production causes harmful environmental pollution. Every person on the earth, and specifically large automobile manufacturers should have a responsibility to improve the environment. We are aware that, the earth's resources are limited, and due to our overexploitation of energy, it makes the environmental damage incredibly serious. With a more rapid economic development over the past couple ...

The Physics of Tsunamis

Humans have known about the destructive force of tsunamis for a long time, however, until the devastating tsunami incident in Indian Ocean in 2004 not much international effort was put into the research and development of methods and tools to effectively predict, warn and mitigate the upcoming disaster. The topic of creating an effective early warning system for the areas threatened by tsunamis is very important, but this paper focuses on the physics behind the processes of the formation and propagation of the tsunami waves which, in fact, is the basic knowledge required for developing the warning systems mentioned ...

Abstract.

Crisis Counseling is an activity that is directed at restoring normalcy to human psychological feeling. Crises are numerous and they are experienced frequently in everyday life. Since it’s something that is part of human life, finding out a plan that will minimize effects is the most modest thing for people to do. Furthermore, crisis may arise from natural disasters over which human beings have no control over. Perfecting the skills and procedures of reducing the effects of crisis will bring more benefits to humanity.

Introduction

A crisis, if looked at from a wider perspective, does not only refer to ...

Introduction to Manual

This manual comprehensively explores the impact of natural disasters on students. While the capstone provides a general account of the issue, it later focuses on the country of Saudi Arabia. The information takes a clear look at different natural disasters and categorize them by their regions. Yet, one of the arguments is that a natural disaster can occur anywhere and part of the goal of a government is to prepare citizens for a “just in case”. There are different scenarios that play out in this project. The focal point of the research is the goal in making sure children ...

Insurance Risk Mitigation: Case Study

Insurance Risk Mitigation: Case Study

People face different kinds of risks in their personal lives and in the communities where they live. Being aware of one’s level of risk exposure and taking concrete steps to mitigate the risks and associated liabilities can help people protect their lives and properties. Most risks are manageable and the resulting losses avoidable if the right measures are taken. From the case study, it is clear that Mr. Arkanfarkar and his family are exposed to several types of personal and commercial risks. This report presents a strategy for managing the personal exposures of ...

The continental plate in the eastern part of Asia is composed of various volcanoes and tectonic movements. Most of the volcanic rocks in this region are composed of alkali basalts with signs of continental contamination. There are various models that explain the region’s magmatic evolution. The two most common models used to explain the movements refers to the surficial processes and the other one refers to the deeper processes associated with the Pacific ocean plate. These two processes are antithetic and may hay happen subsequently. The volcanism can be traced by tomographic imaging that can be directly associated ...

Protecting citizens, business, and property from the threat of terrorism and naturally manmade disasters is arguably a governor’s most salient responsibility. As the chief executive officer of the states, governors are accountable for overseeing states response to any disaster or emergency. In essence, they must be prepared for the every day events for instance, industrial fires, power outages, tornados, and catastrophes on a scale of the September 11 terrorist attacks. Hence, a new governor must be briefed on the homeland security and how it applies to the state. The paper will provide the new governor with the essential ...

The article The Recent Earthquake Wave on the Coast of Japan written by Eliza Ruhamah Scidmore was published in the September 1896 edition of the National Geographic Magazine. Eliza Scidmore was a popular travel writer and geographer. She was a popular public figure and later became one of the first female board members in the National Geographic Society. In her professional career she spent much time traveling in the Far East and often wrote the articles and books about this region. Japan-related topics were of special interest to her. In 1890 Eliza Scidmore became a correspondent for the National ...

Business Continuity Plan for MDL

Business Continuity Plan for MDL

Introduction

Military Delivery Logistics (MDL) is a certified, U.S. Department of Defense approved contractor for the full range of logistics and product distribution services for the Federal, Defense, Intelligence, State and Local governments. It has a vendor network that allows access to more than 200,000 military standard and custom engineered products. It is based out of Santa Monica, California. It has a complex IT infrastructure to supply logistics services and has many terabytes of data that is critical. However, it has about five terabytes of data that is mission critical and has to be ...

ABSTRACT

The environmental friendly activities have been given utmost importance in every field. Due to the environmental degradation, the new trend of “go green” has been formed among the people. The people are very persistent about sustainability. The architecture and civil engineering are one of the major fields where the sustainability has to be considered on priority basis. Architect Stefano Boeri has been translating his unique idea of sustainability through world’s first vertical forest building, Bosco Verticale. The objective of the present paper is to explore the safety, durability and the sustainability of the architecture. It these factors are ...

Fracking

Fracking is method of hydraulic drilling. It is a process of drilling to the Earth’s core and extracting the gas and oil from rocks by directing high pressure water at the rocks. Gallons of water and many manmade chemicals are used for this purpose. This method is commercially used for more than 65 years. This process can be carried out vertically as well as horizontally. The horizontal technique is more often used than the vertical counterpart. This allows for the creation of new channels for releasing gas and oil as well as it can be used for extending ...

Homeland Security Discussion 3

Global Threats Global hazards are events that can affect not only one country but the entire human population. Currently, many experts believe that the biggest global threat the world is facing is climate change. Many believe that this is already beginning to transform life in the planet as seasons starts to shift and the temperatures are already climbing which cause the sea level to rise. This affects not only the human population but also other species on Earth. Climate change mitigation efforts have already started and one of which is to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and looking ...

Question One: Quarantine and Isolation

In the early stages of the emergence of infectious diseases, isolation and quarantine are in most cases the only and last resort used to control effectively and manage the conditions (Al-Ateeg, 2004). These methods are usually handy when there is a limited knowledge of a newly identified or an occurrence of a previously contagious disease that poses a serious public threat. While these methods are used to respond to emerging and re-emerging public health threats and protecting the public by preventing the exposure of the population who have or may not have contracted a contagious disease, there are significant ...

Space exploration is the process of investigating into physical conditions in space, planets, stars and celestial bodies by use or man-made satellites. In many cases spacecraft’s are used to orbit around the earth and space with a human crew to collect sufficient information of the entire solar system. Space exploration is geared to answering scientific questions on the physical conditions which directly affect people in their day-to-day activities. Purposively, space exploration explains the nature of space and other environmental factors that result from natural forces. A few scientists and public argue that space exploration is not a brilliant ...

It used to be so easy. For tens of thousands of years, humans used wood-burning fire to heat their dwellings, to cook their food, to forge simple tools. Tens of thousands of years before that, human’s ancestors harnessed the power of fire, giving them a hunting advantage over other animals. Then, the population started to increase, especially after the Plague had ravaged much of the world’s population. Wood became scarce, especially in places of dense population, such as England. The increasing rarity of the resource made the demand for another source of energy greater than the demand ...

Abstract

Many scholars in the management field have spent most of their time trying to come up with theories that explain management. The work of these theorists, however, has not gone to waste as there are very many theories that have come up as a result. Management theorists have been linked to improving the quality of products and services being offered by any organization by using their creative minds in developing ideas that solve problems. For one to be well conversant and an expert in the management field, he/she must study and try to emulate the work of these theorists. ...

(Teacher Name)

An earthquake is any seismic event that causes seismic waves. These can be caused by human activity or natural causes. For example, fracking often causes earthquakes which are human caused. Earthquakes often shake or displace the ground or surface of the earth near the epicenter and if the displaced earth is under the ocean, it will usually cause a tsunami. Most earthquakes are caused by geological faults but they can also be caused by landslides, mine blasting, and volcanic activity. Earthquakes are measured by overserving seismometers that are set up across the globe in strategic places for ...

Introduction

On 25th April 2015 the Himalayan country Nepal faced a devastating earthquake whose aftereffects are still felt by the Nepalese people. The earthquake turned out to be a huge catastrophe for the economically weak and less developed country of Nepal as they did not possess the financial, infrastructural and medical facilities to help their people out of the tragedy. The death tolls reached above 8,700 people while above 22,000 were left injured. From the 75 districts in the country, 31 were left impacted by the earthquake and around 14 were damaged heavily. The hardest hit districts saw ...

Introduction

Natural disasters are known to have an undesirable effect on humanity. The aftermath of such occurrences is often characterized by mass suffering and dependency on human aid for the victims to survive. All over the world, there are many organizations that play a significant role in ensuring victims receive the necessary support. Different types of disasters present various kinds of challenges. It is upon these lines that humanitarian support is structured. To mount a successful humanitarian aid, there is need to understand the unique challenges involved and structure tailor-made solutions. For earthquakes, a number of challenges have been reported. ...

Abstract

Mitigation emphases on decreasing damages of life and property while the recovery empowers the community to regain its normalcy and cope with the situation to continue with their lives. From that avowal, it is without a doubt that they are both central and fundamental phases in the management of adversities that might arise. The two play an essential role in helping the society members to respond and bounce back despite the loss of life and damage to properties. An attempt will be made to expound the mitigation and recovery disciplines of the disaster management plan as well as the ...

Contributions made by the United Nations to disaster management.

In the 21st Century, there has been the continuous increase in the disastrous occurrences. Any of these has been natural disasters while others are man-made disasters. A disaster is a disruption of the normal functioning of a given locality causing widespread and enormous human, material, economic or environmental losses exceeding the affected community's ability to cope with the losses. This means that the affected community may not be able to fund or handle the scope of losses and effects after the disaster using its resources which are limited. Disasters in this case mainly result from a combination of hazards, ...

Importance of Mathematics in our Daily Life

Introduction Many students had disliked mathematics or math and had given up on appreciating its use. Some do so since they see Math as a hard and intimidating subject, while some do not simply see the point of studying it. However, many have discovered and acknowledged that Math is indeed an important part of our lives. They had recognized that Math is an indispensable tool and that many encounters or transactions are highly dependent on it such as in banking and economics. Likewise, the technology in today’s society is the fruit of algorithms, several mathematical computations, and mathematical ...

Humankind is susceptible to many situations which are sudden and take people unawares, wrought by both nature and mankind. These situations are known as emergencies and wreak huge losses to life and property. Although modern technologies have devised sound meteorological systems that may warn us of impending natural calamities such as earthquakes, volcanoes, cyclones, Tsunamis etc., the losses suffered cannot be fully recovered because Government machinery is never sufficient to deal with the magnitude of the disaster. Modernization of facilities to make living style easier has in its wake exposed human kind to many dangers. Exposure to these dangers ...

1.0 Introduction and Background Information Nuclear power and energy has become very useful in the economics of the modern world. Whereas the energy can help to achieve enormous benefits, it cannot be disputed that the inherent hazards are potentially dangerous (Greenberg 63). These dangers are evoked by the nuclear wastes produced after the energy is produced and utilized (Strandberg 87). In principle, such waste is radioactive in nature implying that it remains active over a long period of time. As such, it becomes fundamentally vital to ensure that the nuclear waste management is concrete and undoubtedly reliable (Miller 84). ...

Article “Antarctic ice may melt more quickly than expected”

The first article published on CBC news describes the problem of melting of the glaciers in Antarctic. According to the article, it is expected that the sea level would rise by 46 to 86 centimetres by the year of 2100, which is much more that it had been expected before. The scientists identified that the main reasons of this are warmer air, less frigid water and gravity. Moreover, the forecasts also predict that by 2500 the seas might become 13 metres higher, which will be caused only by ice melting. However, as scientists believe, the rise of the sea ...

The word tsunami is a Japanese word used to describe damaging sea waves caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and or landslides occurring on the ocean floor (Phillips, 2011). A direct translation of the Japanese phrase translates to harbor wave. Tsunamis are notorious for their deadly effects to life and infrastructure of coastal cities. While tsunami waves are slightly above normal in height, they span hundreds of kilometers in length. Over the past century, several parts of the globe have been devastated by tsunamis. However, Japan and Indonesia remain the most affected in regards to tsunami frequency, magnitude and estimated ...

On March 28, 2016, National Geographic published an online article about the increased risk of earthquakes and its correlation with the human activities (Gilman, 2016). Most people believe that earthquakes are natural hazards caused by tectonic plate movement, but the article written by Sarah Gilman shows that earthquakes in Oklahoma region including some parts of Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, Colorado, and Arkansas are human-induced. The article talks about the oil industry’s impact on the increased risk of earthquakes in the area, and this impact is mostly caused by hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling. Gilman shows that there ...

Abstract

There are hundreds of ways to threaten a person’s safety. Their sources may vary greatly, as well as their outcomes. This paper specializes in a variety of threats to safety and security that exist. It consists of two parts. These two essays are actually two answers to questions given as an assignment. The first part identifies the threat in three areas: accident, disaster and crime. A brief description of every threat, discussion of potential damage and prevention strategies that may be applicable to each threat are included in the essay. The second part is a mock court cause, ...

The Boxing Day earthquake and tsunami that occurred in the Indian Ocean were one of the deadliest in modern history. It took place on 26 December 2004 and killed at least 220,000 people including the destruction of property worth billions of dollars (Bondevik, 2008). The areas hit by the tidal waves were Sri Lanka, Indonesia, India, The Maldives, Thailand and the western coast of Somalia. This tsunami measured a magnitude of between 9.1 and 9.3 becoming the third largest earthquake ever to be recorded on a seismograph. It was a Megathrust quake. Such an incident occurs when a ...

As early as elementary school, we are taught the water cycle. The simple cycle of evaporation that causes the clouds, the clouds rain on the land, the water is soaked up into the soil, lakes, and rivers only to travel back to the ocean and eventually become rain and snow again. It sounds like a simple process. However, much of California has been in drought for a while and everyone is suffering. Many cities ban the use of water outside, except on a specific day of the week. Neighbors turn each other in for water use. The rolling hills ...

Overview

Chengdu is one of China’s largest cities. In people’s perception, it is favorable and in 2006 China Daily named it the 4th-most livable city in the country. It is also one of the oldest cities in the world, founded 2,000 years ago. Most recently it was in the national spotlight for earthquakes, which led to thousands in the city and surrounding area to lose their lives or homes. The major religion of the area is Buddhism and Daoism.

Geography

Chengdu is one of China’s most important cities. It is located on a large plain area that varies ...

Volcanic Activity and Earthquakes

Natural hazards such as earthquakes and volcanoes have led to a substantial shaping of the earth’s surface as well as the environment over millions of years. According to Cusick (7), a volcano is an area where molten rock or magma from the earth’s crust reaches the surface of the earth becoming lava. Volcanic eruptions can be usually effusive and explosive according to the chemistry of the lava. This includes the amount of silica and dissolved gases in the lava. Thick lava has high silica levels while fluid lava has low silica levels. The higher the amount of dissolved gases ...

Introduction

Global warming and pollution has led companies to rethink their activities concerning green methods of production. Carbon dioxide emissions are the leading cause of global warming and the dangers of global warming have been documented for a long time. Governments have come up with restrictions on emissions, which have forced companies to re-think the way they do production. Quest carbon capture and storage project is one example of how companies are re-thinking their strategy and practice towards carbon emissions. This project is developed by Shell for its Athabasca oil sands project (AOSP) in Alberta. It is the first carbon capture ...

For the given pharmaceutical organization, the key objective of installing appropriate IT systems will be to deliver better services to the customer, keep the track records of the patients for increasing the efficiency of the operational activities, keeping the records of the stocks of all medications present in the shop, and maintaining the financial records of all the transactions that are carried out within the organization. This will help the organization to create a center of excellence for the patient care. With the help of this technology, it would be easy for the employees to carry out all the procedures ...

Political risk refers to those risks that host countries make pertaining political decisions that will affect the profits and goals of a multinational corporation. This kind of risk can be managed and understood with sensible forethought. Government relationships are whereby the government creates relations with other countries through doing business and also investment that improves the country’s economy. It will be talking about how multinational corporations face challenges in different countries specifically in Russia, China and Japan and how they manage those risks. The United States would face risks like terrorism that is a very threatening scenario. Terrorism is the ...

In 1968, the research vessel Glomar Challenger ventured on a year-long scientific expedition, between South America and Africa and drilled core samples at specific locations assigned to it. When tested, these samples provided the conclusion that proved the seafloor spreading hypothesis to be true. The JOIDES Resolution is a deep-sea drilling ship of the 1990s. This ship is capable of carrying more than 9,000 m of drill pipe. It is also known for its precise positioning and deeper drilling than the Glomar Challenger.

According to the maps and diagrams on the website, where are the major concentrations of the world's earthquakes? Where do most of the earthquakes in Europe occur?

The most important concentration of earthquakes occurs in the region so called Ring of Fire, which encircles ...

INTRODUCTION

Civil Engineering (CE) is a career in existence since 4000 BC, where human beings begun changing from a nomadic lifestyle, to construct shelters (Narayanan 2003). Construction, design and maintenance of the structures has been made possible through the study of CE, to share scientific and physical principles. Currently, CE applies physics and mathematical principles in the study of design and construction of roads, bridges, buildings, dams, and canals (Narayanan 2003). The disciplines under the study relate to material science, soil mechanics, hydrology, geography, environment, design, and structures. To be a civil engineer one must pursue a Bachelor of Engineering degree, which takes three ...

A natural disaster occurs as the effect of natural hazard. The UN office for co-ordination of humanitarian affairs, defines natural disaster as the “consequences of events triggered by natural hazards that overwhelm local response capacity and seriously affect the social and economic development of a region.”. According to the UN office definition, not all natural phenomenons that occur on planet earth can be termed as natural disasters. A natural phenomenon becomes natural disaster when it proves uncontrollable during its occurrence. For instance, when hurricanes strike an uninhabited island, such a phenomenon cannot be termed as a natural disaster. In this case, ...

Discussion of Results

All teams have played the same number of games. LA Galaxy is the best team in terms of win because it has the highest Z-score value of 1.988. Z-score for LA Galaxy for losses is the lowest at -1.84, which means that the team is has lost least in all the 34 games it has played. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient between wins and losses is -0.7, which means that there is a high correlation between the two variables, but in the opposite direction. This makes LA Galaxy to be the best team with respect to wins and losses. ...

1.)

In order to keep people as safe as possible during an earthquake special building codes have been developed for houses, roads, buildings and bridges. The United States Geological Society (USGS) uses the best seismic science available to keep up-to-date maps that show levels of danger from the lowest hazard to highest standard. These maps help cities know what level of building codes they need.

There are four areas of the United States that demonstrate the highest level danger: along the coast of the Pacific Ocean including Hawaii, southern Alaska, on the coast near the Atlantic Ocean in South ...

Introduction

It is known that our country has faced many catastrophic events that Americans had to challenge during the centuries. And the number of such catastrophes as tornados, earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and hurricanes has doubled during the last decade. These disasters can be predicted with the help of modern technologies and special radars, although the outcomes for people, cities and nature are unknown until the catastrophe occurs. This inability to be absolutely ready and well-prepared, as well as the general defenselessness of social masses and local specialists for the possible damages and their aftermaths is the main reason for creation ...

Question 1

I have been mandated the task of managing a construction for a non-profit organization. The construction involves building of a 6,000 square foot office and an attached 20 residential hotel-like rooms for its beneficiaries. The budget for the project is tight, and the NGO requires to have the facility ready in the shortest time possible. The project is in the planning stage, and there is the availability of funds and some requirement documents. In this report, an analysis of how risk management is undertaken. The report will detail the application of risk management, the most important considerations with respect to the ...

Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is the technology that helps to get non-conventional fossil fuels’ sources. They existed along with traditional fuel basins. But companies weren't interested in these sources until the traditional fuel stores started to dry out. “Fracking, is a drilling technique used for extracting oil or natural gas from deep underground” (Lallanilla, 2015). There are two types of technology: hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling. The last one appeared only in 1990s, while hydraulic fracturing was used from 1940s. Both technologies have similar processes. The first stage is drilling a vertically or angled well to the depth of 1-2 ...

Abstract.

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition systems (SCADA) are a subset of Industrial Control Systems (ICS), and they are used to automate the control and monitoring of processes and sets of processes. Such processes include industrial production lines, power grids, rail switching and other critical infrastructure. Traditionally, these systems were isolated and thus secure from cyber-attacks. However, modernization has led to increased complexity, interconnectivity, and digitization. In this regard, today's SCADA systems need to communicate and transfer data from one site to another via communication networks that are at times public e.g. The internet. This development has created security vulnerabilities for ...

An earthquake is a sudden movement of the earth’s crust caused by seismic waves within the earth. Earthquakes also known as temblors can be tremendously destructive to artificial as well as naturally occurring features. With all the destructive energy that earthquake possess it is difficult to imagine that a few thousands of them occur every year, not with a destructive magnitude but in the form of tremors. Areas that are on the “Ring of Fire” are mostly hit by earthquakes because of the volcanic activity present in these areas. It recorded that eighty percent of the world earthquakes occur ...

Earthquakes and other natural disasters are common occurrences in the world since historic times. There are several methods that different civilizations use to avert the consequences of the disasters. In particular, earthquake is one such disaster that is not predictable, yet its impacts are great in the property and human life. Due to this phenomenon, the construction of house had to include earthquake resistant techniques. There are several methods that traditional societies use in constructing house that are earthquake resistant. Most of these methods utilize locally available materials. These include the following. - Construction technology that use ductile ...

INTERNAL MIGRATION PHENOMENON AND URBANIZATION IN TURKEY

1. Introduction 1.1 Background Migration is a fact that plays an important role in the period of human history, such as tribal migration that is heavy human migration to Europe between 350-850 years. Migration was a turning point in the history for some empires or states. Migration means the movement of certain population from a specific territory to another. There are many consequences of migration such as social, economic, cultural and physiological factors. Migration is categorized into two parts namely internal and external migration. Internal migration refers to the movement of habitation within the state boundaries which involves cities or ...

In New Zealand, people lie at the interface of the Indo-Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. According to history, these two plates have been grinding against each other for millions of years. Nonetheless, the outcomes for these collisions have three distinct outcomes which vary according to the specific location within New Zealand. In between these two tectonic zones, lies the Alpine fault which extends to the south of New Zealand from Greymouth and disappears into the ocean approximately 12 km from Milford. The alpine fault reportedly has fractured four times since its formation at intervals of about 150-350 years (Van ...

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction:

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction The topic on international strategy for disaster reduction concerns itself with measures aimed at ensuring that disasters and the risks attendant to such disasters are reduced so as to avert loss. This strategy has been adopted by the United Nations in recognition of the fact that the reduction of disasters and risks is essential for economic sustainability and development in any country. Indeed, the rate at which the risk posed by disasters is moving continued to pose serious threats to people and other assets, as well as other initiatives for development. Some of ...

There are numerous kinds of emergency services, but all comprise of aspects that promote health and the safety of the public. Emergency and rescue organizations are involved in promoting awareness and prevention programs within the community, to assist people in detecting, avoiding, and reporting emergencies efficiently. Communication is one of the most important aspects of emergency services. It makes big difference when it comes to saving lives during emergencies, because poor communication implies the start of the failure in any emergency rescue mission (Coyle and Mary, 1). Therefore, communication is one area that has attracted significant attention, particularly on ...

Tsunamis

Introduction A tsunami (“a wave in port” in Japanese) are the marine gravity waves that are extremely large in length and height, and are the result of the up or down shift of ocean bottom areas with strong underwater and coastal earthquakes, occasionally, though, are the result of volcanic eruptions and other tectonic processes. Tsunamis are among those few natural disasters that are capable of causing huge numbers. First chapter of this research is dedicated to the causes of tsunami, wave formation mechanism, and waves’ various characteristics. The topic of the conducted research is highly relevant to our area if ...

Page

Introduction 3 Geological Environment and Processes Responsible 4 Geological and Topographical Features of the Plate Margin 6 Human and Environmental Impacts 8 Discussion 10 Conclusions 11

Introduction

On 11 April 2012 two huge earthquakes occurred beneath the floor of the Indian Ocean, off the coast of North Sumatra. Registering a magnitude of 8.6, the first was followed by another of 8.2 magnitude, which scientists subsequently identified as an aftershock. Neither triggered a large scale tsunami, which scientists attribute to the movement being of the “strike-slip” type, rather than the “thrust” type. However, strike-slip earthquakes are normally of a ...