Glucose Case Studies Samples For Students

Evidences in recent times have revealed that type 2 Diabetes Mellitus is associated with several forms of microvascular and macrovascular events which occur overtime. These pathophysiologic changes influences the patients vessels and other organs of the body and one of the resultant effects which mostly associates with the condition is that of the cardiovascular system. These in most situations remain a major source of concern to the affected individual. The changes are from the line of thrombotic aftermath is a pathologic problem which caused by accumulation of fatty tissues and cells within the blood vessels.
Once this form of pathologic ...

Cause of Ms. S’s Diabetic Ketosis Acidosis (DKA)

Ms. S’s Diabetic Ketosis Acidosis (DKA state is one of the most extremes of diabetic decompensation since it is associated with high mortality rate. The incidence of Ms. S’s DKA, usually, occurs at 4.6-8.0 per 1000 persons-year among the patients with diabetes. The pathogenesis of the condition occurs as a result of the abnormalities associated from the combination of relative or absolute insulin deficiency (Health & Medicine Week, 2014). When the level of insulin is deficient, the increased levels of glucagon cortisol and catecholamins will automatically stimulate hepatic glucose production through enhanced gloconeogenesis and increased glycogenolysis. The combined level ...

- Ingestion of fava beans increases the formation of free radicals in red blood cells which in turn causes disruption on the normal functioning or reduction of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase enzyme. Consequently, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase reduces and therefore the red blood cells are incapable of defending themselves from the detrimental effects of reactive oxygen species. This makes the damaged cells to breakdown and rupture prematurely hence hemolysis.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase pathway

The G6PD gene is located from base pair 153,759,605 to base pair 153,775,795 on the X chromosome.
- Fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cell cytoplasm. Fatty acid synthesis ...

Abstract

This paper answers four questions. In addition, through a case study, the paper illustrates considerations made in order to prioritize care given to hospitalized patients. A case study is given of six patients with various complications and care needs. The paper points out that those with airway problems are usually considered first for care delivery before other patients with other conditions. This is because airway problems pose more acute danger than other conditions. In this case, the paper gives a case study of patients with various complications and how the complications are managed. In addition, the paper, through another case study, ...

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that is clarified by hyperglycemia. There are many forms of this disease and the reason for hyperglycemia may be either reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization by the tissues, and increased glucose production. Diabetes causes many secondary physiological changes in the body leading to diverse affects on different organ systems; as well as being a burden to the patient and the healthcare system as a whole. Diabetes Mellitus is the leading cause of end stage renal disease as well as the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation and adult blindness. In the future it ...

John, a 50-year old man, visits a convenient care clinic complaining of fatigue, increased hunger, increased thirst, and frequent urination over the last two months. He also reports increased episodes of itching. Clinical examination reveals the presence of dark patches on his skin in the neck and armpit areas. Physical examination reveals a weight loss of 5kg over the last one month. Laboratory test show the following results: A1C= 7.1%, FPG= 127mg/dL and OGTT= 202mg/dL. John is single and currently stays alone. He has one sister whom he last met two years ago. He is also not employed currently.
...

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Pathophysdiology

The following paper is interested in the effects of hyperglycemia on geriatric diabetics patients with chronic kidney disease, In doing so, it reflects three distinct disease entities. They are hyperglycemia, which serves as the dominant variable; geriatric diabetes and chronic kidney failure. Consequently, the pathophysiology of these three entities will be addressed separately.

Hyperglycemia

When hyperglycemia occurs, it represents a medical emergency. However, the extent to which blood sugar is elevated can be directly related to underlying disease conditions. These may include kidney failure, infections and systemic disease. While disease processes may be obvious, this ...

Introduction

There are different ways to handle medical, surgical and post surgical cases and especially when it comes to nursing, the application of concepts may remain the same however there is a lot of difference in the application of concepts from person to person. We will look at the case study related to endocrine/metabolic system, for Mr.Jenaro and will analyze the situation according to the data available.

The medical situation of the case can be explained by mentioning that Mr.Jenaro, a 61 year old male is admitted to the emergency ward with a complain of severe nausea and vomiting for two days consecutively. ...

Test

Question 1

Body weight
Family history
Inactivity
Race
The AIC test should be done using a method that is certified by National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program.
Question 2
The standard diagnostic criteria for T2DM are the following:
AIC≥6.5
FPG≥126mg/dL (7.0mmol/L)
Two hour PG≥200mg/dL(11.1mmol/L)
Presence of classic symptoms of hyperglycemia of hyperglycemic crisis (a random plasma glucose ≥200mg/dL or 11.1 mmol/L)
Adane’s medical record contains AIC=6.9 and random plasma glucose: 171mg/dL.

Question 3

The mechanism of insulin resistance includes the defects of primary target cells, genetic defects of primary target cells, accelerated insulin degradation, autoantibodies to insulin, a ...

Presentation: 52 year old male presents with complaint of wet cough and intermittent fevers for one week. Symptoms have progressively worsened with onset of back pain over the last two days.
Previous Medical History: No health insurance and has not seen provider for five years. History of Hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Diabetes Mellitus-2 controlled with diet.

Allergies: Penicillin and Erthyromycin
History of Present Illness: Onset/duration: one week. Pattern: cough worse at night. Associated Symptoms: fever and back pain worsens with coughing. Relieving factors: sitting up and drinking fluids. Aggravating factors: smoking and lying down. Effect ...

Meal Planning for Type II Diabetes Mellitus

As the Diabetes Education Centre dietitian, you must provide SG with dietary guidance.
- Based on the information presented develop a nutrition diagnosis for SG. Write this as a PES statement.
- Patient’s uncontrolled glucose and hyperglycemia is related to type 2 diabetes as evidenced by high fat and carbohydrates intake and abnormal laboratory results of Hb-A1C.
- At the risk of cardiovascular and hypertension related to excessive consumption of saturated fat and trans-fatty acid food and pre-packaged products as evidenced by high lipid profile including high total cholesterol, LDL-C and triglyceride level in laboratory results and ...

The research is based on the diagnosis of a 30-years old women, who came to the hospital with sudden weight loss and persistent headaches. She was not pregnant, and the blood pressure remained normal. It was decided to run a blood test to see what was going on. During the research it got obvious that the reason of patient's poor health conditions was in increased level of sugar in the organism.
All cells of the human body contain sugar (glucose), which is their main source of energy; the stable glucose level is especially important for the normal functioning of ...

The patient presented in this case suffers from metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of health problems that is associated with the presence of obesity and tissues resistance to insulin. The metabolic syndrome is a condition that causes a myriad of problems in the body such that the body becomes incapable of maintaining the circulation of the useful energy molecules such as glucose and lipids in the right quantities in the bloodstream (Huang, 2009). Other associated disorders of metabolic syndrome include high blood pressure and dyslipidemia. The lipid problem is characterized by elevated levels of triglycerides and ...

The doctor suspects mitochondrial disease which can occur at multiple levels in different mitochondrial processes. To help the doctor determine where the defect might have occurred:

1. Explain what would happen if the interconversions of the Cori cycle occurred and remained within a single cell.

The cori cycle refers to a pathway of carbohydrate metabolism which links the processes of anaerobic glycolysis (glucose breakdown) in skeletal muscle tissue and glucose synthesis that is gluconeogenesis in liver cells. Anaerobic glycolysis is the major source of energy in form of ATP for skeletal muscle cells when they are under intense activity; it generates ...

Nutrition is an indispensable component of care. It is from food intake that the body obtains the micro and macro nutrients needed to maintain and improve health. Diet is also an area of regulation for the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Care plans focused on nutrition necessarily must be individualized to take into account unique needs arising from specific medical conditions, the client’s developmental stage, and cultural preferences. Developing a care plan entails evaluating for nutritional risk, defining the goals of nutrition therapy, identifying interventions and expected outcomes, implementing the interventions, providing education, and promoting safety.

Evaluation of Nutritional Risk

The ...

Her problem of Hypertension was diagnosed almost 6 years ago when her blood pressure remained consistently on the higher side on 4 consecutive visits to the clinic. It was consistently high in the range of 160/90 mmHg.
Almost a year ago, she was also detected with microalbuminuria during her annual screening of urine. At that time, 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin was detected in her urine sample.

Subjective

She has come to the clinic today for her regular checkup and follows up visit for the diabetes and hypertension. She is a house wife. And has three children.

Objective

She got an initial ...

Abstract

The rate of diabetes ketoacidosis complication is on the rise in line with the rate of population increase as well as urbanization all around the globe. Learning how to handle this complication and maintaining the blood glucose within the suitable levels is becoming a big challenge for those with diabetes, outlining the need of educating the patients as a modality for self-empowerment, treatment which is necessary for betterment of the quality of the lives of the patients. This paper seeks to analyze a patient’s condition and describe various factors that led to associated symptoms and the effects of those symptoms. The ...

T.A. is at increased risk of infections due to several factors. To start with, He admits smoking one pack of cigarettes per day. As a result, he is at risk of developing lung cancer and cancer of the mouth, throat, lips, kidney, stomach, and other organs. Furthermore, smoking leads to increased risk of the following conditions: heart attack, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, emphysema, chronic bronchitis. These conditions are likely to weaken his immune system. As a result, his is prone to infections. T.A.’s laboratory results also show hemoglobin A1C level of 7.9% and serum glucose level ...

Liver is the largest ‘gland’ of the digestive system. It is located right under the dome of the diaphragm, coated by the capsule. It is distinguished the liver’s convex upper surface adjacent to the diaphragm, and a lower, downwardly facing and in contact with the back and abdominal organs. On the part of the upper surface of the liver it can be seen its right and left lobes, the boundary of which is the crescent liver ligament. To the lower surface of the right lobe there is a gallbladder, close to the deep groove of the liver there ...

This paper addresses a pharmacological management plan for Mr. NX, including consideration of possible contraindications for CAMs, prescriptive and non-prescriptive recommendations for management of acute pain and other ongoing disease processes, followed by evaluation strategies.

Pharmacological Management Plan

CAMs Contraindicated with Current Prescriptions
The order of Mr. NX include drugs such Glyburide 3 mg daily with breakfast, Lisinopril 20 mg daily and Coumadin 5 mg daily. Glyburide is an oral anti-diabetic drug (mainly for diabetes type 2). Glyburide causes lactic acidosis and. Therefore, anything that may increase the risk of this side effect is contraindicated like in this case the use of ...

The patient was a 24-year-old black male who was brought to the emergency room via an ambulance on June 21 at 03:50 pm. The report indicated that it was a pedestrian versus vehicle accident. The state of the patient reported included acute lung injury, pulmonary contusion, deep road rash extending over right side of axillary region to the abdomen, deep avulsion to the right hip area and exposed muscles. Trauma alert team and the respiratory therapist were called to the bedside. The patient developed respiratory failure and immediately was intubated by the respiratory therapist with an endotracheal tube size 7.5 mm. ...

The numerous small round objects found in the urine sample could be glucose and ketones. In urine, no or little glucose is found. However, in conditions of kidney damage and uncontrolled diabetes, glucose is evidenced in urine. Ketones develop in urine in cases where there is incomplete breakdown of fats. Ketones may also develop in cases where vomiting or diarrhea causes starvation. These small round objects may also be crystals from components such as calcium oxalate.

If the laboratory technician is not able to identify these small objects, the technician may suggest that the patient is suffering from diabetes ...

Introduction

Osteoarthritis of the knee also known as the degenerative arthritis is a major and growing problem for the elder population all over the globe. Approximately, 27 million individuals have been reported to suffer from osteoarthritis by the Arthritis Foundation in United States (US). Women have been more commonly reported to suffer from osteoarthritis as compared to men. The prevalence of developing arthritis has been found to increase after the age of 45 . Although, mostly elderly population are most affected yet there are few evidences of young people suffering from it. Osteoarthritis is also commonly defined as wear- and- tear ...

PHYSICAL EXAM:

You will be expected to write up your response as follows:
List of Differential Diagnoses [rank ordered]
A. Congestive Heart Failure
B. Angina
C. Hypercholesterolemia
D. Myocardial Infarction

E. Diabetes Mellitus

F. with Grade II diastolic heart failure.

G. Hypertriglyceridemia

H. GERD
I.

J. Hypertension

Leading hypothesis : Congestive Heart Failure
Active Alternative hypotheses
Must not miss diagnoses [critical rule outs]
Congestive Heart Failure
Angina
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercholesterolemia
Most common diagnoses [reasonable alternatives]
GERD
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Presumptive Diagnosis [assumption]
Congestive Heart Failure

Treatment Plan

Non-pharmacologic / lifestyle interventions (provide rationale)
• Modify Diet.
- Advance to a low-sodium, low-cholesterol, low-fat, solid diet as tolerated R: to minimize metabolic demands ...

Jane Doe

Questions:
Describe how burn wounds are classified. Identify and describe Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries.
Burn wounds are classified using four degrees that are based on the severity of how many layers of the dermis have been damaged; the higher the degree of burn classification, the more severe the burn injury and damage done to the patients skin and body. In the case of Mr. Angelo’s burn injuries, he sustains both 2nd and 1st degree burns covering approximately 40 percent of his body.

Explain the “rule of nines” used in assessment of burn injury.

When assessing burn injuries, the “rule of nines” is a formula to assess how much ...

J.K has acute kidney failure with Rhabdomyolysis. Acute kidney failure happens when the kidneys are suddenly not able to sift waste products from the blood. This results to accumulation of waste and affects the chemical balance of the blood. Rhabdomylosis is caused by skeletal muscles injury (Grau, Poch, &Bosch, 2009). The injury of the skeletal muscles results to the production of different intracellular muscle ingredients. In this case, J.K had an acute renal failure with Rhabdomyolysis because of cocaine and heroin use. Cocaine and heroin cause damage to myocyte. Damage to the myocyte leads to an entry of sodium ...