Use Of Force College Essays Samples For Students

Introduction

Police force is an entity that is mandated to enhance security to all citizens and maintain law and order as stipulated by the country’s constitution. Police officers are obliged to make sure that the fundamental rights of all citizens are safeguarded at all times. A police officer is obligated by the law and the oath of office only to exercise force on a suspect if he restrains arrest reacts in a manner that portrays a threat to the law enforcers. Human rights activists and the international organizations on civil rights serve as the whistleblowers that monitor and castigate the law enforcers ...

Part 1---The Issue

The action of police officers has often raised concerns of “excessive force.” It is common to see video reports and news showing the police beating and kicking a suspect. There are no clear lines defined as to where to limit the start and use of excessive force. This is because the term ‘excessive’ will tend to have different meanings in different jurisdictions. The police departments continue to make headlines due to the allegations of excessive force, drawing public attention to the issue of law enforcement reforms.
The power and authority are central concepts of political order, and police, work ...

This essay addresses the following historical question: Is it possible for states to have a foreign policy with an ethical dimension? First of all, it is important to note that the nation-state at the international level is the most important entity. Each nation-state is most concerned with gunning as much power from the international system. Therefore, from a realist perspective security is the most important objective of each nation-state. The second important driving force of states within the international system is relative gain in terms of economics, politics, and social values in comparison with other players within the international system. The ...

Violations of Peremptory Norms committed by Syria

Abstract
The unrest in Iraq and Egypt in early 2011, as well as the outbreak of a full-blown civil war in Syria later that same year, has led to an intricate web of interstate security dynamics. The civil war in Syria has extended unabated, killing more than 100,000 people and displacing millions more. Western military intervention with air strikes on the Assad regime may get forestalled with a possible UN-backed plan to counteract Syria's chemical arms stockpiles. The essay looks into the dishonor of the Peremptory Norms from the beginning of the crisis until now. The Peremptory Norms are ...

Introduction

The paper is a review of the writings of Kenneth waltz and Alexander Wendt.
The two differ in the approach of discussing the anarchical realms of the world.
They agree on the use of force as a method of survival for the states.
Thesis Statement
The main argument of the paper is the contention that anarchy is relative a states. The paper takes the social constructivism approach is discussing anarchy in the world. International political arena is equated to a jungle where there are no rules.

Body

The paper delves into the discussion of the three principles of political structures ...

Blue Code of Conduct and the Use of Force

ETHICS 2
Blue Code of Conduct and the Use of Force

Introduction

Ethical conduct is central to effective policing. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics serves as a compass for the ethical treatment that officers of the law should bestow upon others. All police officers are given proper training and education regarding the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics, and additionally, swears to uphold this sacred code among all others. However, the emergences of police sub-cultures have caused police officers to undermine this code of ethics.
- The Blue Code of Silence in Policing
The Blue Code of Silence, ...

Has the nature of war and/or terrorism changed into the 21st century?

Are there ethical/moral/legal differences in the use of force between state and non-state actors?
Arguably, the world we live is rapidly changing, globalization, cross-cultural business, technological invention, and innovation, security issues, but above all terrorism has become the prioritized global concern. In the 21st century, acts of violence carried out by terrorism has become complicated by their change in nature o predict, counter and track. The events in the past have totally proven the lethality of terrorism.
War and Terrorism, is not something new in the world, it has been there in the past century, and the ...

Nowadays the amount of accidents that represent potential danger to health and life of the individual is constantly enlarging. The risks emerge in a series of different situations at working place, in the street or even at home. Risks are therefore regarded by the employers and employees, householders and the rest of individuals. One of the primarily methods of risk prevention is usage of weapons, personal protection equipment and force. This issue is closely connected with personal physical security that plays extremely important role in life of modern people.
Physical security is a series of measures that aim to protect ...

Policing Ethics

Over the last few years, ethics in policing has emerged as an important area with rising recorded cases that involve the police using excessive force. National Constitution and other relevant laws give police officers the legal framework from which they derive their powers in carrying out their duties. The original conception of the police force was that they would obtain the citizen’s goodwill while performing their policing duties. The understanding has changed since; police officers are now viewed as controllers of crime. However, the same law and constitution places limit for police officers on how far they go ...

Individual Project

Abstract
This paper evaluates the ethical aspects of the workings of the police and the moral issues surrounding the police accepting freebies in the course of performing their duties. In particular, this paper looks at the legal aspects regarding the acceptance of gratuities by the police on-duty and off-duty. Accordingly, he paper will be considering the pros and cons relating to the law enforcement officers accepting and not accepting free meals from a local restaurant. Further, the paper considers the conduct among the law enforcement officers as well as whether a higher standard of conduct should apply to them. ...

For example Elizabeth L. Angeli, Department of Psychology, State University.

This research was supported in part by a grant from the Sample Grant
Program.
Angeli, Department of English, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 55555
Use of force by police officers in Pennsylvania
In Pennsylvania the police officers are allowed to use deadly and non-deadly force. However the deadly force that my cause serious physical harm or even death should be used with caution. The deadly force can only be used as a last resort when other methods of arrest fail. On the other hand the non-deadly force ...

Introduction

Public safety is a significant part of every society life. To be happy, people need to feel safe. Moreover, safety s one of the stages in the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. On the contrary, every individual has rights. I some cases, public safety and individual rights conflict with each other. This essay is aimed at researching the issue of relations between public safety and individual rights. The essay will be divided into four parts. In the first part, I will research the issue of statutory authorities and responsibilities of government officials, security personnel, and private citizens. The second part ...

GRAHAM V. CONNOR 490 U.S. 386 (1989)
Graham v. Connor 490 U.S. 386 (1989)
The case, Graham v. Connor (1989) was filed by Dethorne Graham, a diabetic, who was seeking reparation for the injuries he sustained when he was accosted by authorities when they were stopped by Officer Connor of the Charlotte Police. On November 12, 1984, Graham had suffered an insulin attack, and had requested his friend, William Berry, to drive him to a nearby convenience store to buy sugar to counter the attack. Once in the convenience store, Graham saw the long queue in the checkout counter, ...

Abstract

The demise of the Soviet Union has been a major cause of controversies on the relevancy of NATO in the contemporary world. Many of these controversies are informed by a superficial understanding of its roles in light of the emergence of the US as a world superpower. Admittedly, the role of NATO has been pivotal in restoring order and tranquility in Europe and Western bloc. NATO’s military interventions in places such as Afghanistan and Syria have been crucial in restoring order in the world. With its revised rules that include global war on terrorism, and drug trafficking, it ...

Abstract

The demise of the Soviet Union has been a major cause of controversies on the relevancy of NATO in the contemporary world. Many of these controversies are informed by a superficial understanding of its roles in light of the emergence of the US as a world superpower. Admittedly, the role of NATO has been pivotal in restoring order and tranquility in Europe and Western bloc. NATO’s military interventions in places such as Afghanistan and Syria have been crucial in restoring order in the world. With its revised rules that include global war on terrorism, and drug trafficking, it ...

The fourth amendment to the US Constitution provides and ensures one of the fundamental human rights. This amendment guarantees freedom against unreasonable search and seizure by public servants and officials or any other agents of the US government. In order to conduct search and seizures legally, such officials and governmental agents are required to have reasonable ground, on the basis of which they receive specific warrant.
There are many cases concerning this constitutional amendment that were considered and decided by the US Supreme Court. And the landmark decision in this sphere is Tennessee v. Garner. According to the ...

Issue: The current shooting incidents at the hands of police officers are on the rise, with no hint of slowing down. From the shooting of Rodney King in the early 1990s by Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers to shooting of Amadou Diallo in late 1990s at the hands of New York City Police Department (NYPD) officers there have not been as many incidents of what many see as either police brutality or police misconduct in over 20 years. There was a long period of drought where police incidents were sparse. This dry spell broke in 2014, when Officer ...

Response to Robert Brings

One of the most important characteristics of police work is the legal authority given to law enforcement officers to use force where necessary to enforce the law. However, the force applied must not under any circumstance be disproportionate or excessive. That means, for instance, that a police officer is not supposed to shoot an unarmed man who poses no threat to him or to the general public. However, in the US, for example, incidents of police shooting unarmed men have been on the increase in the recent past, with the latest being Alton Sterling shooting in Baton Rouge and ...

Abstract

The application of the rule of law as well as driving the use of the law towards the creation of a law abiding society is the limelight towards the creation of a society which does not condone crime and its sycophants. Enforcing law is one of the most effective mechanisms of controlling crime in any area. The use of the police as a law enforcement mechanism encourages peaceful coexistence within the society. The control of crime is usually a major step in discouraging crimes in communities. In the places where there are high cases of criminal cases reported, the ...

1. Introduction
National interests and sovereignty play very important role in the international relations. The paper will present the arguments for and against that humanitarian intervention as “national interest”, it will examine if it violates the concept of the state sovereignty and which international organization theory supports which arguments. Those arguments will be presented based on the Rwanda case. The research questions for the paper are: should state forfeit sovereignty if they fail to stop engaging in human rights abuses; who has the right to intervene; are organizations that indorse intervention able to carry out the mission; and does ...

Police misconduct is not a frequent news headline. Yet, when incidents of police conduct do hit the news, the reason is the serious nature of the misconduct and its widespread impact. Even with the recognition that police misconduct cannot be completely eliminated, preventive measures and strategies to mitigate the impact of misconduct need to be in place. Existing measures and strategies also need continuous evaluation to support the necessary reforms to address emerging issues on police misconduct. Media frenzy, public outcry, and politicization of police misconduct often complicate effective response to this issue. When this happens, it helps to ...

Assignment # 1

The most appropriate charges for Mason and Wooster are imprisonment. Imprisonment would work for them since they are young people whose behavior is easy to mend by instilling fear in them by jailing them and introducing them to the other hardcore criminals for their behavior to be streamlined. The involvement of the hardcore criminals would be to the threaten Mason and Wooster as molestation is common in jails. The code section that applies here is theft under chapter 15. It is most applicable as they would acquire the products would harm the owners business wise. The common law applicable ...

What is the difference between Realism and Neorealism?

The nature of international politics has long been a subject of immense debate between scholars since time in memorial. These scholars would present their own ideology as to why states go to war and what should be the main focus of actors in terms of policy-making and the use of force. Several ideologies have come and go in terms of explaining the erratic nature of international politics with only a few considered to be one of the foundations of international relations theory. One of these founding theories is known as Realism or classical realism and like its fellow international politics theories, ...

Deception by the Investigating Officer in the Investigative, Interrogative, and Testimonial Processes

Deception is a deliberate act to mislead people involved in criminality. Deception acts as a balance between disclosing enough information that satisfies the interrogator while hiding any information that can lead to detection. Interrogators control the information and impression management to maximize the detection of deception. The strategy of deception prepares and recounts fictitious accounts of a target event. Investigators rely on deception as a chief tool to lure culprits to give them facts related to crimes. Police interrogators often rely on psychological procedures that use deception as a key component. The interrogation procedures encourage rational people to make rational decisions in the context ...

Communication

The Nation-State and the Media-UK and IRAQ
Introduction
The globalization of media has encompassed to cover the development and application of formal and informal rules to form allegiances with governments and nations. Price (2002) stated that after the September 11, 2011 terrorist bombing incident that occurred in the U.S., several states all over the world have now become more precise about conflict, instability and ideology by recognizing the sentiments of the people. The war on terrorism has become the main objective of states such as UK and Iraq.
The discovery of new technologies and the developments ...

Justifications and Excuses

Justifications are statements explaining some actions or belief. These statements make something to be comprehensible by the way they describe relevant structure or operations. The aim of justification is to show that an action is reasonable or necessary (Amy & Herdman, 2009). Excuses are explanations, which are offered to justify or to obtain forgiveness. They do not claim the conduct, which is in question to be justified. However, excuses suggest that the perpetrator, at the time of the act was suffering under some circumstances. This is aimed at making the actor not to be legally responsible for his or her ...

The political elements of Star Trek show that the series had more insight than what is apparent. The show started in the 1960s when the Cold War was at its height. Many authorities argue that Star Trek is an exploration based on self-interest, colonialism, collectivism and control . However, George Gonzalez takes a different approach in The Politics of Star Trek where he undertakes a critical review of the story within the context of the actual implications of the actions of the characters. This paper will review the first two chapters of the book in order to present the critical ...

BODY CAMERAS TO BENEFIT POLICE AND CITIZENS

There is a sustained perception by minority groups such as African-Americans that the law enforcement officers treat discriminately. This has increased incidences of police involvement against the demographics. However, the introduction and use of body cameras come as a panacea towards bringing to an end the unprecedented cases of police brutality and use of excessive force. In addition, civil suits concerning police brutality launched by African Americans are expected to reduce the involvement of body cameras. According to the H.Res.16, the wearing of body cameras by local law enforcement agencies while serving the communities encourages transparency and protects both ...

Part 1 – Assault and Battery

The terms “assault and battery” are often used together although these are two separate crimes. An assault is defined as an action that causes a person to feel the threat of impending violence. An action such as raising a fist or moving menacingly towards the intended victim constitutes an assault, even if no physical contact has occurred. The crime of battery occurs when there is physical contact. Grabbing a person’s arm or punching or striking a person constitutes a case of battery (Baldwin, 2007).
Simple assault or battery, where there is limited threat of violence or a minor ...

Utility of torture

All individuals have some inherent moral and legal rights that cannot be waived by any state or individual. Torturing suspects in order to obtain information however utilitarian is therefore akin to denying such individuals their basic human rights. Any attempt to obtain information through torture cannot be justified; it is especially the case considering that often times the information obtained through torture is unreliable (Talhami, 2013). It is therefore evident that even by applying utilitarian principles (greatest good for the greatest number of people), the benefits of torture do not exceed its costs and as such is not acceptable ...

Many are the times that the incidences of police shooting suspects have been documented and resulted in public outcry nationwide. In most instances, the suspects shot have been established not to be armed contrary to the positions that the police may have taken thus making such shootings amount in wanton violence (Saint Louis University Law Journal, 2016). The police usually use force which in this case may refer to the firing of a gun in situations aimed at preventing suspects from escaping, or in regards to defending themselves or other officers from possible harm or risk of death.
There ...

For almost a decade, the United States has been in a continuous armed conflict with Islamic terrorist states and more recently with the ISIS terror group. These Islamic terrorist groups have been constant enemies against the United States and its close allies. According to Bruneau (2015), the United States has experienced a nearly 13 years of armed battle conflict against the Al Qaeda terrorist Islamic group that led to the adoption and use of force authorization against these groups. The Obama administration is passing a new AUMF policy similar to the 2001 AUMF that was in response to the ...

This article by Stephen Mastrofski on “Controlling Street-Level Police Discretion” is a discussion of some of the problems related to the use of discretion by the police in various situations as presented in the report by the Committee to Review Research on Policy and Practices titled Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing: Evidence.
I have chosen this source because it gives a critical analysis on why and how the current research on police discretion and practices or actions such as use of force is inadequate, questionable and problematic. According to Mastrofski, the contemporary research on police discretion including use of ...

Civil Rights and Government Responsibility

The most memorable event of an expansion of civil rights liberties is the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that realigned race relations between the whites and African-Americans. The gains of the Act in the last fifty years cannot be underestimated, as it opened the social space on which black people could utilize to better their lives and make their impact in the growth of America (Fairclough, 2003). State Governments, especially the ones from the South that were very conservative
The Act legalized affirmative action that gave black people equal rights to employment with the whites. Through this move, many ...

Introduction

Since the end of the Great Wars, the US hegemony has remained superior than other countries and it was clear no one would be able to challenge their dominance in the fields of politics and the economy. Many countries often seek the advice of the US in terms of their political and economic reforms and seek aid to ensure their continuous growth. When there are major conflicts, the US is considered by many countries to act immediately due to its role as a world police. Considering its role in the international arena, many believed that the US would remain ...

African Americans have suffered from police brutality in the United States since time in memorial. It is disheartening to see unarmed African Americans suffer in the hands of white police with many either sustaining serious unimaginable injuries or even in extreme cases losing their lives. It is quite unclear how racial discrimination continues to haunt even the new century with more fatalities recorded in the civilized era where governments have enacted policies to protect each person from all sort of discrimination.
Police brutality is and has been an increasingly notorious act of discrimination of the colored skin people, mostly ...

1. A "Virtue of anarchy" (or a positive effect of the constant threat of the use of force) in the international system according to Kenneth Waltz. (From Anarchic structures and balances of power, mainly Virtues of Anarchy)

Kenneth Waltz argues that countries reside in a state of war. Nation-states are guided solely by self-interests both internal, such as economic and military power, and external, by forming alliances and counter blocks. Some countries may have military potential and can use it anytime they want as a means of self-interest. K. Waltz implies that this violence is due to the anarchy, or chaos ...

The experiences of warfare described in the two assigned sources. What was similar and different about warfare during World War I in Europe and in Africa?
The World War I was basically a war that had considerable experiences in Europe and in Africa. Through the readings one can be decode that the war in Europe was against the Nazi-led National Socialism while elsewhere the war was geared towards resisting the expansionist strategies.
One of the most notable similarities regarding the warfare in the First World War is that the combatants mainly used guerilla tactics in a bid to launch ...

International Relations

International Relations
The crisis in Ukraine was caused by the government’s rejection of the EU policy, which promoted stronger ties between Ukraine and Russia. Ukraine citizens wished that they would be integrated in the European Union (Myers, 2014). However, when the government rejected this policy, their hopes for integration vanished. The government led by President Yanakovych rejected the bill, which would enable Ukraine join the European Union. The crisis also revolve around the Ukrainian president whom citizens claim has ruled the country for long. The crisis has led to civil unrest with many protests taking place in ...

The Police Work

The confession is the title of the video clip that I will be discussing in this paperwork. I will, therefore, identify the positive or notable actions by the police, any issues with police behavior that cause my concern, any illegal or unconstitutional acts by the police , and finally specify the constitutional Amendments the police actions may have violated in the course of duty as depicted by the video- the confession. The confession is written and directed by Ofra Bikel.
As illustrated by the video, the confession, it is clear that those people, law enforcement officers, who misuse their ...

Philosophy

Ethical issues
- The ethical justification of terrorism is consequentialism and utilitarian philosophy.
- However, there have been minimal results gained from terrorism.
- The way the government is dealing with terrorism is questionable and scholars wonder whether the increase in safety provided is worth the reduced privacy.
- The Geneva conventions released principles that encouraged nations to protect civilian lives from the worst effects of war.
- Nevertheless, if an attack is made on other civilians instead of military, the offenders may be convicted of war crimes by the international court.

Pacifism

- Pacifism ...

Philosophy

Ethical issues
- The ethical justification of terrorism is consequentialism and utilitarian philosophy.
- However, there have been minimal results gained from terrorism.
- The way the government is dealing with terrorism is questionable and scholars wonder whether the increase in safety provided is worth the reduced privacy.
- The Geneva conventions released principles that encouraged nations to protect civilian lives from the worst effects of war.
- Nevertheless, if an attack is made on other civilians instead of military, the offenders may be convicted of war crimes by the international court.

Pacifism

- Pacifism ...

This paper was produced for course _________________ for Professor ________________.

FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT 2
Federal Tort Claims Act
Implemented in 1946, the Federal Tort Claims Act (FTCA), is legally known as
28 U.S.C. §§ 1346(b), 2671-2680. Its aim is to allow people to file suits against the government for any injuries they have suffered from a federal employee or an agency itself. Prior to the FTCA’s passage into law, the United States government could not be responsible for this sort of suit unless Congress authorized it expressly. This is known as the common law doctrine of sovereign immunity. “The FTCA allows the United States government to ...

In correctional facilities, inmate custody and control is of the utmost importance, as this function is about the secure housing of inmates, the maintenance of a controlled and safe institutional facility and the safety of the facility for both inmates and staff. A variety of different methods are used in different combinations by different correctional institutions in an attempt to maintain inmate custody and control.
Maintenance of inmate custody and control often begins with the design of a correctional facility. While using the build environment for control is relatively inflexible in existing structures, new facilities can be designed with inmate ...

For the past couple of months, several news organizations are reporting China’s astounding economic growth and subsequent mobilization in the Asian region which is both alarming and impressive for many experts. Their economic growth is astounding for the very fact it proves China is still an economic powerhouse even in today’s world given their history as the world’s first traders. On the other hand, however, the mobilization of its forces around its “claimed” territories is alarming because of the possible implications that China is now getting ready to overthrow the United States as the dominant force ...

The term terrorism derives its meaning from terror; the latter comes from a Latin word terrere meaning to shake, tremble or terrify. Coupling terrere with the French suffix isme makes it a practice of terrifying. The word terrorism derived its meaning from the French Revolution’s Reign of Terror that happened from 1793 to 1794. This was violence that happened in France where at least 40,000 people were killed in less than a year.
The term terrorism is not new, but although it has been in use for a long time, it is relatively hard to define. Terrorism is viewed as a ...

Introduction

Robert Kagan in his article, “Power and Weakness” published in 2002 makes a claim that “Americans are originally from Mars while Europeans are originally from Venus”. Mars, in this particular case signifies the god of war while Venus signifies the goddess of love. Kagan claims that over the years, Americans have continued to exist in an environment where the use of force is considered to be supreme while Europeans exist in a world governed by law amongst other procedural doctrines.
Kagan’s claims are quite accurate. In the modern world political setting, it is quite clear that there is a conflict ...

BURGLARY

INTRODUCTION
Burglary is one of the most rampant crimes in not only the urban but also the suburban areas in many nations. According to the FBI’S Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, burglary is the “unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft” (Criminal Justice Information Services Division, 2010, p. 1). It encompasses the unlawful entry to a structure with or without the use of force. Additionally, any forcible attempt to enter someone’s property is also classified as burglary. The United States of America has exhibited significantly large numbers of the crime.
There has been a significant ...

- Central issues involved
The major issue of concern resonates around the manner in which vehicle pursuits have been carried out within the County given the fatalities and incidental consequences. Indeed, the issue on vehicle pursuits cannot be observed in isolation to other issues such as the security concerns within the County. It so happens that the area under patrol has reported a number of incidences of insecurity hence justifying additional patrol services. Over and above that, the use of a Taser and the German shepherd by Deputy Ripley also raise central concerns.
- Is the Deputy in compliance ...

The Middle East has both rich and violent history that as of today is a cause for conflict and speculation considering the effects of these events to the present situation of the region. Conflicts caused by several leaders and the foreign powers had made the divide in the rich land severely disconnected, fostering the century old Arab-Israeli conflict up to new heights. While the conflict in the Middle East continues to ravage the land, several notable events in the beginning of 1950s that created an influence on both Middle Eastern regional and international affairs. One of these notable events is ...

Question One

Undoubtedly, the terrorist events attendant to the Terrorist attacks of the World Trade Center in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001 provided the instantaneous spark or rather excuse for what has been referred to as the War on Terror. This represented a coming to a head of the development of many theories in security studies to explain the events before and after 9/11. The three theories selected to explain the explanatory power or lack thereof when applied to 9/11 are Realism, Social Constructivism, and Liberalism.

Realism encompasses as a sequence of methods in security studies that are used to examine ...

How has terrorism impacted the police mission in the U.S.? What disagreements exist regarding the appropriate law enforcement behavior which fights terrorism but maintains personal liberties?
The terrible terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, jolted the nation with regards to matters of security. The US was forced to get into feverish preparations to avert future attacks and to respond the one that had already taken place. As a result, there were new responsibilities in all levels of law enforcement including local, federal, and state agencies (CSG and EKU, 2006). At the level of the federal government, a new Department of ...

John Stuart Mill's Harm Principle

Introduction
Throughout the human history, the use of force has been applied to restrain people from acting in a manner that may cause harm or danger to other people, or to themselves. There has been always an attempt to constrain people to act in a particular manner, or behave in a manner that is conventional in a particular group of people. However, in the current civilized society, there is always a discrepancy between what a person is allowed to do and what one cannot be allowed. The use of force to restrain a person to act in a desired manner is seen as an archaic way, ...