Essays on Cockpit

The crash of Air France 447 is considered the biggest disaster ever to hit Air France and Airbus since the beginning of their venture into this industry. All of the 228 passengers and crew of the flight were killed in this accident (Palmer, 2013). Due to the delay in the recovery of the black box from the ocean bed, the investigations and final report, published by BEA, took nearly three years for completion (Jonathan, 2011). The final investigation revealed that the accident occurred due to the inconsistent data indicated by the FMC (Flight Management Computer System) regarding the fluid ...

At 8:46 on New York time the first plane hit the World Trade Center north tower. After 17 minutes the second plane hit the south tower of the WTC. Fifteen years ago the US lives have changed forever. It is a well-known fact that the United States was not prepared for a terrorist attack of such magnitude. The terrorist attack of 11 September 2001 has changed the United States as well as the world. People started to treat terrorism as a "threat №1". Some experts have called the September 11 attacks, “the beginning of Third World War”.US president's ...

The air near the surface will usually become warmer throughout the day. This is one of the main reasons why it is unstable. Then at night, the air that is close to the surface will begin to cool. This is going to form a temperature inversion or a stable atmosphere.2. Inversions aloft are sometimes called “capping inversions” or “lids”. Why?

This is because it is like putting a lid on the atmosphere.

3. You are flying at 4,000 feet AGL over a city during the day. There are no clouds present. As you descend to land at a nearby airport, you notice that, although visibility was very good at 4, ...

Lessons Learnt

I read three aviation related accidents and I was able to learn something new from each of the accidents. These lessons will help me in my future career as a pilot. There are some things that need to be done so as to prevent avoidable aviation accidents. The three accidents had different causes. All future pilots need to study some aviation related accidents so that they can learn from the mistakes made by other pilots. These lessons will enable me to avoid aviation related accidents in my future career as a pilot. The first case IAD96LA072 was where the ...

Abstract

Among the remarkable flight accidents, Saudia Flight 163 case holds a special place, both due to the death toll and due to the fact that it did not involve a crash at all. The disaster that took away lives of all passengers and crew members at the turn of 1980s was thoroughly investigated and recognized as the second deadliest aircraft accident (at that time) after Ermenonville air disaster involving Turkish Airlines flight 891 (Witkin, 1981). While the deadly incident happened after the safe emergency landing of the plane, the main reason of Flight 163 tragedy is human factor. The ...

ABSTRACT

Pilot uniforms, particularly in the commercial airline industry, conveys professionalism, competence, and experience. However, historically, uniforms started as a component of safety in aviation, which relied not just in their protective functions but as well in their capability to protect combat pilots from the natural elements of extreme heat and cold, particularly during the era of open cockpits. Protective flight clothing has evolved significantly through decades and even centuries. The sophisticated development in protected flight clothing, however, failed to influence adaption in the civil air transport industry. Using grounded theory through archival literature analysis, the Capstone Project revealed advantages ...

Pilot Medical Privacy Laws and Germanwings Flight Crash

The crash of Germanwings flight 9525 en route from Barcelona-El Prat Airport in Spain to Dusseldorf Airport in Germany, which caused the death of 144 passengers and 6 crew members, is considered to be one of the grimmest aircraft crashes in European flight history. The sad reality of this event was that this mishap was caused by the deliberate attempts of a deranged co-pilot, Andreas Lubitz, who was being treated for suicidal tendencies and was also declared “unfit for work” by his doctor. The initial investigations done by the BEA (French Land Transport Accident Investigation Bureau) revealed that the ...

Overrun Accident of The American Airlines Flight 1420

Abstract The American Airlines accident Flight 1420 is identified as a runway overrun accident. The National Transportation Safety Board conducted an investigation to find the cause. This project is primarily focused on the human factor issue that might have caused the accident. The project explored the Human Factor Analysis and Classification System and used the Swiss Cheese Model to link the chain of events to determine the cause of the accident. The Human Factor Analysis and Classification System was used by the National Transportation Safety Board to analyze the human factors issues within American Airlines Flight 1420. This system ...

Introduction

This is a story of a life-threatening situation that involved the redesigning of a fighter plane during the world war II. The story relates to the rental car due to the reason of how hard it is for someone to control a rental car controls due to the unfamiliarity of the cars control board hence the naming of the incident. The incident involved the pilot Dan Bowman, who found himself in a life-threatening situation when an air raid by the Japanese planes there were fighter planes on the ground that could have been easy targets for the Japanese hence ...

Instituion

1. What is the potential impact of supersonic transports (SSTs) on the ozone layer? An alarming ozone loss has been reported in the past decades, and studies showed that this global problem is attributed largely to human activities. Advancement in technology resulted in the development of high-speed air transport that are economically competitive compared to other forms of aircrafts. There is, however, the associated risk that supersonic transports can impact in the destruction of the ozone layer due to the large amount of atmospheric pollution that it emits. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology carried a study on the possible ...

There are two main causes with resulting consequences in the current product design process of the 7-Series Project A at BMW. The first cause is that BMW builds their prototypes mainly by hand in their shops. These prototypes were made with handmade tools that cost very little to replace or repair. (Pisano, 2002, p.1) By using these handmade tools and various materials the engineers were given great flexibility in following the wishes of the design teams’ desires. It was easy to change small and large details within each part when doing it by hand. There were no special tools ...

ABSTRACT

Safety in aviation relied historically not just in the protective features of the airplane itself but as well in the capability of flight clothing to protect pilots from the natural elements of extreme heat and cold, particularly during the era of open cockpits. Protective flight clothing has evolved significantly through decades and even centuries. The sophisticated development in protected flight clothing, however, failed to influence adaption in the civil air transport industry. Using grounded theory and archival literature analysis, the Capstone Project revealed advantages and disadvantages of protective flight clothing, its evolution through history primarily from the British military ...

Managing Change in the Airline Industry

Over the past few years, the need for change in the aviation industry has been more imperative. Change in the aviation industry is being imposed on them from a variety of sources, like commercial pressure, regulations and changing technologies. The need for change management skills is therefore at its highest within organizations in the sector, in order for them to meet these challenges. Even then, research on organizational change shows that only about between 30 and 50 percent of major initiatives end up having a positive outcome (Leva, McDonald, Ulfvengren, & Corrigan, 2012). While change is necessary, it is also ...

Stress and fatigue have been for a long time an issue of concern among stakeholders in the aviation industry. As noted by Earl et al., Stress is a feeling or condition that an individual experiences when he perceives that the demands of a particular duty exceed both the personal and the social resources that and individually is capable of mobilizing to enhance efficiency in the workplace (5). On the other hand, fatigue is a temporary condition in which an individual is unable to respond to various situations due to physical, emotion or mental exhaustion. In the aviation industry, there ...

On August 14, 2013 UPS Flight 1354 crashed short of runway about 0447 hours during a non precision approach to runway 18 at Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport (BHM), Birmingham, Alabama . The official NTSB reports suggests a combination of errors from both man and machine as the cause for the terrible accident that left two pilots dead and hundreds of dollars worth equipments destroyed. But the primary focus was on the errors in judgment of the captain who was the pilot and the first officer who was his copilot as the root cause of this failure. When all the dusts of ...

AS-387

Crew Resource Management Paper Due Date Abstract Communication is a two way process which is the most crucial aspect of flight deck performance. A flight situation requires effective communication mechanism wherein the human aspect is taken care of through effective crew resource management training. Communication can be critical to the flight deck situations as it might result in positive or negative outcomes with respect to a potential fatality. Human error is known to be the greatest factor responsible for fatalities in aviation. Communication processes can help minimize and mitigate human errors to a great extent. The present study based ...

Smithin K R

Abstract The successful flight of an aircraft is often attributed to the finesse of its pilots as well as the dispatcher. It is a common practice in air crash investigations to put the blame of such a mishap on the shoulders of its pilots and the air traffic control unit. Most often, the other factors that are inclusive in any successful flight, is omitted. This paper tries to analyze these causes from the perspective of National Transport Safety Board, to generate an independent view about the crash of UPS Flight 1354. After thorough inspection of NTSB reports three main ...

Cause of Accident

The collision of two Boeing 747s i.e. KLM Flight 4805 (KLM) and Pan Am Flight 1736 (Pan Am) at Los Rodeos Airport in the 27th of March 1977, was a consequence of a series bad judgments and poor luck. The terrorist bombing of a passenger terminal at Las Palmas Airport led to closure of the airport, and the diversion of considerable traffic to Los Rodeos (Tenerife) Airport with inadequate capacity (notably parking and staff). The congestion led to the routine back taxing, which put the two aircrafts on the runway. Other important causal factors include:

Poor visibility

The rapid deterioration of ...

Introduction

All aircraft are constructed with the identical simple elements: wings for lifting, engine to enhance drive power, a fuselage to carry load and controls, and a tail assembly which typically regulates the bearing of flight. The fuselage or body of the airplane clutches all the fragments together. The pilots sit at the front of the cockpit at the fuselage. Travelers and cargo stay in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others aircrafts have engines in the wings. The wings lift the weight of the aircraft itself, the fuel, the travelers, and the cargo. ...

The American Homeland Security Act contains a provision to arm pilots of commercial airlines and gives the deputy pilot the authority to use lethal force in protecting the flight deck against terrorism and other criminal threats. This act was later extended to include the cargo pilots as well. During the debate over the law, the opponents viewed such program as risky and expensive and outweighed the potential benefits suggested (Thurman 48). The proponents, on the other hand, saw the potential benefits of thwarting criminal acts outweighing the presumed risks associated with arming the pilots. In the wake of the September.11 ...

Abstract

Accidents are an inevitable element of the air carriage industry; however, a good number of these could have been avoided given proper human resource management efforts. The task of these specialists is to recruit, to train, and to evaluate industry employees like pilots. Instead, they often overlook health issues and psychological disorders leaving the wellbeing and lives of passengers exposed to mortal threat. Owing to HR specialists’ miscalculations, pilots with insufficient qualification, those willing to ignore the guidelines of dispatchers and act carelessly received their coveted positions. The liberalization of workplace regulations did the industry an ill favor allowing individuals ...

(Your professor’s name) (Course name & no.) (Date dd/mm/yy)

Avionics, in common parlance, stands for aviation electronics. It is the development and production of electronic instruments for use in aviation and astronautics and such electronic instruments themselves. Avionic systems include control, monitoring, communications and the display and management of multiple systems that are fitted to aircraft to perform individual functions. Such systems majorly include control apparatus performance instruments communication instruments navigation system collision avoidance system black box Avionics are the electronic systems used on aircraft, artificial satellites, and spacecraft. My ...

The black box is a flight or aircraft data recorder. It mainly collects and gathers the flight parameters information and stores them as evidence in the case of a plane crash. It is a technology that each and every corporate jet or commercial airplane should be equipped with.

Origin of the Technology.

The technology was discovered in Australia by Dr. David Warren. The technology began in 1952. Warren worked on the information and built up of the black box in Aeronautical research laboratories, in Melbourne. He argued that it was necessary for recording all the aircraft crew discussion. His view was to help trace the cause ...

The Mercedes group of companies is known for manufacturing various models. Mercedes is known for quality automobiles. It’s a German brand that has spread beyond the borders of Germany and into the seven continents. Any owner of a Mercedes is a proud owner because he gets value for his money. Some of the various models manufactured by Mercedes include: Mercedes CLA class, S class, E class, M class, and SLS class. The Mercedes SLS class is as good as it gets. When you look at the picture, the first thing that captures a person’s attention, are the wings of the ...

Born in the year 1954 at a town called Xiamen in China Huang Yong Ping comes to be one of the most respected artists of his age. He is a famous artist in china but lives and works in French doing contemporary art. As a self-taught student, he learned his mastery of art through other established artists. He drew most of his lessons from well-established artists like the American music theorist John Cage, German artist Joseph and a French man Marcel, who was also an artist. Huang Yong Ping was among the first artists to take art as a strategy. In the year 1982, ...

ABSTRACT

The Transport Security Administration (TSA) estimates that there are close to 1.8 million passengers passing through airports in the U.S. everyday. This makes airport security checks a vital part of security operations across the nation. The TSA oversees these operations under the directive of Homeland Security in collaboration with various airline companies to ensure optimal security for passengers and staff at airports. Several standardized security checks enhance security whist reducing crime rates in airports implemented by the TSA include use of Biometric Technology and Pre-Check programs. While these efforts are successful in reducing crime rates, there is little to show ...

Article Summary and Reflection

Article Summary Andy Pazstor of the Wall Street Journal reports in his article "Pilots Rely Too Much on Automation, Panel Says" that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) commissioned a study which determined two hazards to airline passengers. The first is that commercial airline pilots have become too dependent on automation, or the so-called autopilot. As a consequence, pilots are said to have "poor manual flying skills" or poor decision-making and are unable to adjust to changes in cockpit technology. The second hazard is "inadequate training" by commercial airliners that the FAA believes impede the pilot's capacity to fully master advanced ...

MEMORANDUM

Good afternoon, As requested, attached is my recommendation report aviation investigation report A09C0028. Sincerely (First name, last name)

Transportation Safety Board of Canada

Introduction A gear up landing takes place when the aircraft makes a landing without the ecompletrel extension of the landing gear. The term gear- up details that the underside of the aircraft is applied in order to land. Conventionally, there are occurrences where gear up is referenced by the events where a mechanical error deters the pilot from extending the landing gear. In the event of a gear- up landing, there is normally substantial damage that is incurred to the ...

I would first create a story board showing how the spacecraft will travel passing by the various planets. The drawings will include pictures of the planets at various camera angels. It will also include drawings of the cockpit and the three crew members inside. Afterwards, I would create a 3D animated video that shows the voyage of the exploratory craft past Pluto then through space by employing some step by step procedure. In the beginning, I will make two shapes, which will represent the spaceship and the cockpit. To give you an idea, the raft will have three seats, a front window ...

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

Abstract The airline and aviation industry belong to a service industry. This industry is among the highly competitive industries and comes under the category of advanced technology and safety sensitive. The industry deals with the customer, employees and the associated people. The industry is very diverse in every aspect in terms of culture, operational activities and the services it services. The vast workforce belonging to the industry is trained to reduce the human error in this field and to increase the quality performance. The study has analyzed the significance of human resource management practices in this industry. The ...

Aversive Control

Self efficacy is a construct that shares similar historical richness as Money attitude but, it has developed into one of the most essential studies of human behavior. Numerous researches on this topic have been designed to address the construct of self efficacy and just like Money Attitude, it leads to human behavior. For example, the management of chronic ailments often requires the person to take part in a number of behaviors that re self-care in nature. For example, a patient will not care about recovery from a health condition when they feel inadequate to influence a positive result, therefore their self efficacy deteriorate (Genesove & ...

2009 Hudson River Mid-air Collision

Introduction

It was in 2009 on 8th August, one of the worst air accidents in the history of New York took place when a Piper airplane and a sightseeing helicopter collided over the Hudson River, killing all the 9 people on board. Thousands of people witnessed this low-altitude accident as the airplane collided into the helicopter with both of them breaking into parts and falling into the river. Though both the pilots were properly certified and trained as per with federal regulations and the aircrafts properly equipped and maintained, the accident occurred due to insufficient regulations, the ...

Mechanism of hydraulic systems in aircrafts

Hydraulic system in aircrafts consists of a system in which liquid under pressure is utilized to transmit energy. The power from the engine is converted by the hydraulic systems to hydraulic power. Several hydraulic systems existing in an aircraft include the landing gear, brakes doors and control boosters. According to Roskam (2000), some of the components that are part of the hydraulic system include hydraulic fluid reservoir, accumulators, hydraulic pumps, valves, and lines for distribution and controls located in the cockpit to operate the different functions of the hydraulic system. The hydraulic system has an actuating cylinder that functions ...

The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is a technology that is used in tracking aircraft. This system is much different from the radar system that works by bouncing radio waves back from the terrestrial fixed antennae from airborne targets and interpreting the signal. The technology uses the typical Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology and a simple broadcast communication link as its basic components. Additionally, unlike the conventional radar system ADS-B’s accuracy is not interfered with range, target altitude or atmospheric conditions. The update intervals is also not dependent on reliability of mechanical antennae’s or rotational speeds (Weijun, Tong, & Wentao, ...

According to Selye (1955) stress is defined as a condition which propels a unique body response in a manner that causes changes in physiological or structural aspects of our body. Another view proposed by (Lazarus, 1966) is that stress is a condition which compels an individual to feel exhausted when the demands of that person exceed the physical and social resources accessible to him.

Stress in Aviation

Pilots are really conscious at the time of their flights because accidents can happen with tragic repercussions. These accidents are a cause of series of mistakes committed at the time. Although the executor of mistake may only do one thing ...

Abstract

Safety and efficiency factors in aviation industry have increasingly become central factors and major players have continued to improve various factors that lead to improved safety and efficiency.There has been major technological advancements that have led to the current progress in safety and efficiency in the aviation industry. However, the issue of human factor has increasingly received focus after the realization that human errors are the factors behind aviation incidents and accident. This has led to the development of knowledge, skills and flexibility of the staff in the industry ensure the exercise of good judgement, which will ensure safety ...

The united airlines flight 173 crash could have been evaded with a few simple steps. The airplane was approaching Portland, Ore from JFk airport New York on December 28th 1978 when the pilot realized that there was a predicament with the landing gear. He immediately ordered for the emergency safe landing of the 189 passengers on board. He circled the plane for more than twenty minutes while trying to communicate with the air controllers on the possible approach strategies to apply. The airplane had a scheduled stop at Denver airport before it arrives to its final destination Portland airport. It took off ...

Demographics. Technology and younger generation of travellers. The change in demographic pattern shows that air travel is becoming more appealing to younger generations. It is because of the integrated technology to airline services such as wifi, social media and mobile features. An example of this trend is the increasing number of South Floridians flying to Caribbean, which prompted expansion plans for the industry (Satchell, 2011, web). Economic Segment. Continued Growth. The effects of the economic crash back in 2008 is slowly wearing out. As a result, more and more people are now turning to air travel. In fact, the ...

During some recent years, after the 9/11, Al-Qaeda, the dreaded terrorist organization, has experienced huge flak, but of course has virtually spearheaded an expansionist movement in the name of “jihadist movement” across the world to continue the terrorist activities of Osama Bin Laden. In this article some of the few examples relating to Al-Qaeda’s ideological, strategic plus structural adaptations are being discussed. The article also gives a fact sheet of the contemporary weakness and strength of Al-Qaeda. In its unabated jihadi movement, Al-Qaeda’s continuous fanning many violent activities of others by orienting that violence to the United States ...

Evolution of Human Factors in Crew Resource Management

Executive Summary

Most aspects of aviation have radically changed since the advent of the first aircrafts in the late 19th century. With increasing technology in flight development, crew management protocols have also been changing ever since (Helmreich, Merritt, & Wilhelm, 1999. pp23-24). However, the last 50 years has witnessed the greatest improvement in the way crew management is carried out in various aviation settings. This paper shall determine the evolution of crew resource management considering all the factors that have changed in one way or the other, culminating into the modern aviation management protocols. Validation of the crew resource ...