Essays on Cultural Competency

Nursing Theory Analysis Paper

Many researchers globally have researched on the discipline of nursing and developed some theories aimed at explaining some health care phenomenon. Theories of nursing play a critical role in influencing the outcome of different areas of practice including research, education, administration, and nursing informatics. Nursing theories fall under the mid-range theory or grand theory classifications. The analysis below discusses the theory of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger that falls under the mid-range category of nursing theories.

Analysis of the Transcultural Nursing Theory

Background Leininger is well-recognized psychiatric and mental health professionals of the 1950s. Earned her first diploma in nursing in 1948, advanced to a ...

Article 1:

Leininger, M. (1996). Culture care theory, research, and practice. Nursing Science Quarterly,

9(2), 71-78. doi:101177/08943184960090028

Introduction Nursing theories continue to play a critical role in the delivery of care to diverse populations in the present era. The health care sector is working towards advancing the discipline and professional of nursing by ensuring providers acquire relevant nursing knowledge to deal with present and upcoming health challenges. The author of the article, Madeleine Leininger, uses the culture care theory to show its relevance in helping educate health providers how to transform the practice of nursing through modern practices that accommodate cultural competency.

Synopsis

The outcome ...

In handling the challenges faced by LGBT community in urban areas, medical practitioners, in this case nursing team needs to act as change agents in the existing cultural competency. A challenge that nurses face is the unclear definition of cultural competency in relation to LGBT patients. Intervention methods exist in the form of training medical practitioners to familiarize themselves with treatment of this minority community. The advantage of training is that once the nursing team is equipped with the right knowledge, the existing barriers to effective treatment would be overcome easily. A PICOT question which arises therefore is about ...

Introduction

Historically, healthcare professional practiced in communities where they shared the same culture with those who seek various services. As such, this made it easy for the provision of health care at both individual and institutional levels. With the increase in population diversity in the nation as well as other regions in the world, health care provision has been affected by cultural and social factors that arise with the diversity in population composition (Marshall, 2005). In realization of this issue, it is imperative that health care professionals and institutions develop cultural competency. In this light, this paper will discuss issues ...

Introduction, Background, and Purpose

Power is more relational than absolute. Power relates to the degree of control that one exercises over outcomes, resources, actions, and process. The power can either be formal or informal. The formal power is the leeway that one is given through the rules of the organization in which he works to influence the course of certain elements in that organization. This is legitimate power afforded to a worker to enable them to deliver their mandate. Illegitimate power is different from the legitimate authority because unlike in the former case, the illegitimate power lacks authority. Nonetheless, it can be significantly ...

The need for understanding cultural competency has been developing over the recent past. This instance comes after the realization that cultural sensitivity increase healthcare outcomes and interactions in a multidisciplinary setting. The current healthcare setting has encouraged involvement from a diverse workforce with different racial and ethnic basis. In the same way, a precedent rise of a diverse population in the American society means that those in need of healthcare services also require healthcare practitioners to attend to their needs (Treas and Wilkinson, 2014). Given that culture is a complex and extremely demanding concept, the need for a conscious ...

Abstract

Diversified care is a huge issue in the healthcare administration. One of the reasons for this is funding, another is that patients are becoming more aware of the medical advances that exist and are more demanding in regards to the treatment that they obtain. This has a huge impact on a hospital’s finances and strongly affects how they operate. Nonetheless, there are many ways that the issue can be addressed and avoided by both looking at the needs of the community and enabling the institution to change and implement the technological advances as they come about. One way ...

Cultural competency across cultures implies the ability to understand how to work with other individuals and organizations all over the world and have their tasks done (Steers, Nardon, & Sánchez-Runde, 2013, p. 1). The key attributes discussed in across the cultures competency feature include the skills, knowledge and abilities of teams, organizations and individuals as well to be efficient in carrying out various tasks. The task mentioned include how the three groups understand and appreciate the traits that make certain cultures different and how they influence behavior. Additionally, the understanding of how values such as collectivism and individualism affects ...

Introduction and summary

Equal access to healthcare is essential to the sustainability of any nation. In fact, lack thereof compromises the survival rates of any population as it heightens the mortality rates. In the article, of disparities and diversity: Where are we? Gloria Sarto seeks to provide a rationale for the high levels of differences in the medical sector. She compares the minority population’s accessibility to healthcare facilities as opposed to the largely white community in the United States. Through this comparison, she establishes a credible argument on the need to eliminate health disparities among people around the globe. For instance, ...

Ethics is a multifaceted concept that entails a range of aspects from virtually any sphere of life. Any changes that take place in a daily life tend to be reflected in a person’s spiritual world, thereby transforming fundamental ethical values and moral standards. Apparently, the nature of ethics is largely based on moral foundations. Having sustained manifestations in society, ethical phenomenon appears to be an integral aspect of human life, which acts as the spiritual core along with its moral consistency. Modern conditions give rise to new challenges and threats, which require the mobilization of human efforts. Moral ...

The problem "Bing" experienced after being launched in China and Disney's failure in Paris are some of the examples testifying the significance of comprehending cultural aspects in communicating cross-borders. While taking stock of local cultures brings competitive advantage in the long run, failed communication crops up misunderstandings and plummets the customers' loyalty as well as stakeholders' interest. However, building rapport among the local population and adhering to their language, norms and gestures are among high-value challenges. It might prove taxing for the organization to be tolerant about varying values, customs, and etiquettes. Additionally, the organization may lag behind when ...

Introduction

Human Resource Management (HRM) is an important formal system that guides the management of employees within an organization. In essence, HRM creates a firm, goal-oriented, and effective organization by maximizing the efficiency of the workforce and directing on the policies of the organization (Chadwick, 2005). Also, the HRM creates an efficient team of the workforce that guides the entire process of planning, recruiting, selecting, hiring, and retaining the best-suited employees to enhance the organization success. In this paper, we analyze some of the stages and steps involved in the employment of staffs/employees. Next, the paper develops a strategy for ...

Introduction

The work of a healthcare professional is a complex and challenging one. There are just so many things that one has to consider in order to provide the highest quality healthcare. Aside from competence when it comes to medical and allied health skills, healthcare professionals also have to make sure that the sociocultural aspects of healthcare provision are not taken for granted. In this paper, the author discusses the integral relationship between cultural competency and cultural safety, emphasizing its role in improving the outcomes on various levels as a health promotion officer.

Description of the Relevance and the Relationship between Culture, Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Status, and Cultural Competence

Culture is an important part of healthcare ...

Introduction:

Healthcare professionals work in the community and members of the community have diverse cultures. There are practices that are acceptable in different cultures and those that are not. It is important for a healthcare professional to be aware of the cultural factors of healthcare professionals so that they can remain respectful of the consumer’s culture as they provide their services. Furthermore, according to Lie, Lee-Rey, Gomez, Bereknyei & Braddock (2011) it helps improve patient outcomes. Description of the relevance and relationship between culture/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and cultural competence: Cultural competence is the awareness that a person possesses about different ...

According to Byng (2008) the use of power and the policies introduced by the United States government, in combination with the backlash of the September 11th attacks, and other extremist terrorist activities, have together created a high level of misunderstanding and of resentment against people of the Muslim faith in the United States. As a result, they suffer from a high level of discrimination, and resulting social inequality. One of the areas in which this is most visible is their access to, and treatment during, medical care. According to Stubbs (2003), following September 11th the Muslim population became the ...

Reflect on your Own Cultural Competence and your Current View of Your Culture as Well as Other Cultural Groups

I live in the developing state of the USA, known as Dallas Texas. My roots belong to White Americans who share the most common culture. From a religious perspective, I am Protestant, unlike, the other Americans who follow Catholic, Muslim or Jewish practices. As I am White American, so my spoken English is quite clear than Latin Americans living in the same region. White Americans share a common culture, unlike the Black American people. My parents got separated when I was a child; my mother is a single parent who rose me up. As America is comprised of different ...

Hippocratic Oath and Nightingale Pledge are taken by the healthcare professionals with the aim of promoting ethics in their profession. Healthcare professionals undertake this by pledging to lead by example, faithfulness, accuracy, devotion, responsibility, quality, and accountability (Kantarjian & Steensma, 2014). Nurses are responsible for giving quality care and therefore, the decision they make in their profession should be seen to promote quality care for all. One of the fundamental duties of a nurse is to maintain the noble traditions of the nursing profession and not going against the code of ethics that govern their profession. This, therefore, shows that ...

Psychology

Introduction For many years, leadership has been the subject of discussion among scholars and the concept of leaderships branches out to several theories that explains its core characteristics. Leadership theories, concepts, and models of application vary according to the professional environment in which a leadership role is warranted. In the field of social work, leadership is an important characteristic that fosters change for the betterment of the population that the profession serves. In this discussion, leadership theories will be examined and linking the concept to approaches and application relevant to the social work profession. In addition, the discussion will ...

Introduction

The United States of America is a multi-cultural society housing almost every culture present in the world. Healthcare professionals serve the high number of diverse patient populations. The presence of numerous cultures requires the government to promote cultural competence in all public and private sectors to accommodate people from different cultural backgrounds. Cultural competence refers to the ability of a professional, an organization, or an agency to establish behaviors, policies, and attitudes that work effectively across all cultures. The healthcare sector has a lot of responsibility in promoting cultural competence among multicultural groups found in the US. However, studies ...

Executive Summary

The research report elucidates the importance of cultural competency in the tourism industry. For instance, cultural competency may be applied in the training of the service employees to enhance their service in cross-cultural encounters as well as dimensions. The tourism business also will benefit in marketing its cultural and historical destination to the clients that will likely see its growth. Besides, cultural competency is a crucial element in developing a sense of ownership to the facility, hotel, or restaurant, its manpower as well as the residents who could be an asset to the firm. The information generated will offer ...

INTERNATIONAL MARKETING

Introduction Market ventures into new markets have become a modern tool of business success used by various businesses to ensure and sustain their positions. The basic acknowledgement of the various international marketing elements of marketing which are price, product, place and promotion has catapulted various businesses to greater levels of performance. Through strategy implementation and evaluation, businesses have been on the steadfast path to success. However, the need for re-evaluation of the previous strategies incorporated has ever been witnessed due to the changing business frontier. Thus, I will evaluate the various aspects that need proper evaluation in venturing into ...

Organization Culture

Sarros,Copper & Santora(2008) finds that most organizations concentrate in bringing the latest technological infrastructure to transform the procedures of work. In doing so, organizations tend to ignore the workers and organization culture which is the engine that has the most impact. An organization culture depends with the founders of the institution their beliefs and core practices. It is vital for an organization to engage the employees who design products to enable the organization become successful. Leaders’ decision-making criteria affect the behavior of workers. In this view Sarros,et al (2008) suggest that to ensure a high performance culture ...

Organization Culture

Sarros,Copper & Santora(2008) finds that most organizations concentrate in bringing the latest technological infrastructure to transform the procedures of work. In doing so, organizations tend to ignore the workers and organization culture which is the engine that has the most impact. An organization culture depends with the founders of the institution their beliefs and core practices. It is vital for an organization to engage the employees who design products to enable the organization become successful. Leaders’ decision-making criteria affect the behavior of workers. In this view Sarros,et al (2008) suggest that to ensure a high performance culture an ...

Question one

Organizational adaptation and sustainability refer to the process where an organization evolves to conform to the prevailing conditions inside or outside the organization. Organizational adaptation is an organization’s ability to counter organizational responses to pressures and changes in the internal and external environment. This is an ideal way of organizations to react to opportunities and threats in an industry or competitive market.

Adaptation affects organizational recognition and interpretation operations of environmental changes. Therefore, organizational adaptation is an important aspect in organizations because it helps them become aware of changes and how to deal with them. Firms that have ...

Introduction

Cross-cultural decision making skills have been recognized to be increasingly vital to military and defense operations (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). The day-to-day operations of international military forces, in their interaction with different cultures as they work overseas, require intercultural competence to make decisions that are both appropriate and culturally sensitive (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). Cross cultural competency (3C) is accomplished through three unique steps: Cultural self-awareness, suspension of judgments and biases, and the development of skills that fit within domains of a new culture (Selmeski, 2009). Already, educational measures are being implemented by military colleges to promote 3C in military ...

Cross-cultural decision making skills have been recognized to be increasingly vital to military and defense operations (Johnson &Friedland, 2009). The day-to-day operations of international military forces, in their interaction with different cultures as they work overseas, require intercultural competence to make decisions that are both appropriate and culturally sensitive (Johnson & Friedland, 2009). Cross cultural competency (3C) is accomplished through three unique steps: Cultural self-awareness, suspension of judgments and biases, and the development of skills that fit within domains of a new culture (Selmeski, 2009). Already, educational measures are being implemented by military colleges to promote 3C in military ...

Question 1

The culture that I feel culturally competent in is the African American. However, this culture diverse but founded on similar characteristics that are important in developing effective health care programs. Using these cultural components, individuals appreciate the diverse characteristics, beliefs and practices, which are important in the advancement of individual knowledge. The knowledge and sensitivity of valuing cultural diversity can be shared through a gradual process that involves initiating cultural awareness with the co-worker and formulating a teaching strategy to integrate all the aspects of cultural competence (Dana, & Allen, 2008). Teaching a co-worker the beliefs and practices of the African Americans ...

The National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) Standards in Healthcare was set up to ensure that inequalities in the provision of healthcare resulting from cultural and linguistic differences are eliminated. The need for equal treatment of all persons irrespective of gender, social status, culture or religion, is inevitable in a diverse society (Jeffreys, 2010). Communication between the patient and the nurses or physicians is crucial in the health care setting. This communication can, however, be limited by existing societal or cultural barriers. Professionalism coupled with cultural competence for healthcare providers is crucial in order to understand the patients’ needs. ...

INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE

I. INTRODUCTION In the course of acting as administrator of a victim advocacy agency, there are many instances in which the administrator must interact with individuals of other cultures and other backgrounds. Intimate partner violence occurs across all cultures, regardless of race, age, gender, or cultural status; however, certain societies have normalized intimate partner violence much moreso than American society has. Understanding the normalization of partner violence and the ways that this normalization can hinder women when they seek help for their problems is fundamentally important, particularly when these women are expected to act within the framework of a society ...

[Institution Title] The nursing profession is one of the few professions that allows for a culturally diverse interaction on a daily basis. Given this facet of the profession, it has become wholly necessary that nurse gain competency in responding to their call of duty with utmost level of cultural competence. Aside from catering to a culturally diverse clientele, it should be taken into consideration that the profession also offers a delicate and highly customized care plan unique to every patient noting differences in the patient’s condition, culture, religious beliefs and capacities. In lieu with this, this paper would like to offer ...

Introduction

The operational environment requires plausible analysis of the internal and external factors that are bound to impede on organizational performance. Through an analysis of the aforesaid aspects, plausible strategies are bound to emerge towards profitable outcomes. Thus, this paper will evaluate Lincoln electric as per the case questions in its venture into India.

Part I: environment analysis

Environmental audit of an organization denotes the macro environmental evaluation of the various aspects that are not within the control of the organization. As such, there are various tools that are used towards analysis of the external environment that an organization can inculcate. Thus, a PEST and ...

Chapter 4: Results

Introduction This chapter presents the results analysis of the study. As mentioned in the previous chapters, the research employs the use of questionnaire where the questions were set from different criterion. Then, after well completion and compilation of the questionnaire, it was presented to the fifty respondents identified to participate in the study. The results were coded into excel spreadsheets to create figures and tables for the purpose of easy analysis and interpretation.

Descriptive analysis

The purpose of the research is to establish whether the students/respondents enrolled in SSW 503/504 class are well competent with their cultural endurances. The compilation ...

Purnell Model for Cultural Competence

The demographics of the American population are increasingly changing due to a growth in the proportion of persons collectively termed as ethnic minority. It is expected that by the year 2020, 35% of the American population will consist of ethnic minorities (Barrow, 2010). This increase in diversity is expected in the background of long-standing variations in the health status of persons from culturally diverse backgrounds (Barrow, 2010). These variations have been attributed to lack of cultural competence amongst healthcare professionals. Consequently, acquisition of cultural competence for health workers had been prioritized. A number of models for guiding cultural competency amongst ...

Introduction 3

Report on marketing process 3 Definition of Macro and micro environment and the factors that affect IKEA 5 Macro environmental factors 5 Micro environmental factors 8 Application of segmentation, targeting and positioning at IKEA 10 Segmentation 10 Demographic segmentation approach 10 Behavioural segmentation approach 10 Targeting 11 Positioning 12 Conclusion 13

Reference list 14

Introduction Marketing is an imperative aspect within the operational facet of an organisation. Thus as a tool for generating product or service awareness, it is significant that an organisation invests into proper marketing tools. Hence, from the analysis ...

Introduction

There exist several discrepancies in the U.S. healthcare system on the basis of race and colour. Hispanics and Blacks do not have adequate access to healthcare facilities and the whites receive better facilities and healthcare outcomes as compared with the Blacks and Hispanics. Emergency medical service or EMS is an essential part of healthcare. The United States is rapidly witnessing a change in the population which has individuals from diverse areas having diverse race, culture, value and ethnicity. The culture of an individual has a direct impact on the practices and values and beliefs pertaining to healthcare. The confidence of patients ...

The report of Institute of Medicine (IOM) is essential for the future of nursing. In fact, it is recommended by the ANA or the American Nurses Association (nursingworld.com). Nowadays, the nurses are facing a complex healthcare environment, which they need to face. In that case, the nurse’s role is no longer as simple as it was before. The nursing environment’s complexity nowadays requires nurses to take the next step such as aiming for a leadership role. Such leap is essential so as to address the demands of continuous healthcare changes. Relatively, the IOM report is the outcome of the ...

Nursing

Introduction Diversity in the workplace refers to the variation of characteristics of individuals within an organization. The definition may sound simple, but the term diversity itself encompasses factors such as race, gender, culture, cognitive style, educational background, and personal values. The aforementioned factors are imperative in determining how a person perceives themselves and other people in the organization. The difference is likely to affect the way each person interacts with another and the same can be said in the nursing work environment. The purpose of this paper is to examine diversity in the workplace that is relatively significant to ...

Abstract

Barnes and Noble has maintained its performance through effective strategies and policies that have sustained its revenue yield and profitability. However, recent prevailing economic turmoil has led to significant challenges in their performance mandate. As such, the organization has been facing three main problems: increased costs of publishing books, stagnation in profitability and reduced customer awareness. The various challenges facing the organization have posed a daunting avenue for successful operations and sustenance of viability or survivability within the organization. Thus, with an aim of handling the challenges evident, it is significant that the organization incorporates three main solutions. The three ...

Population Based Nursing Leadership Roles

Nurses can play different roles in a population-based health care. Therefore, they should have a wide range of skills in both direct care and leadership. Essentially, numerous skills help nurses to sail through day-to-day challenges in their profession.

Leadership characteristics

The key characteristics that are essential for a nurse leader are organization and communication. The leader must also have planning skills, analytic skills, policy development, basic public health science skills, management skills, cultural competency skills and financial planning (Harkness, 2012, p.9). Moreover, teamwork is also a necessity for a nurse leader. This makes sure that there is co-ordination and efficient implementation of the laid down plan. ...

Working in the medical field, it is a given that the patients seen will come from a variety of cultural backgrounds, each with a set of norms or accepted standards, religious beliefs, and traditions which they base their lives around. Some of culture-specific challenges that physicians-in-training may encounter can be easy to work with, while the traditions and beliefs held by patients may pose an ethical concern due to the extreme nature some cultures may appear to a physician and other medical personnel who are not familiar with specific cultural aspects. Although course work and exposure to a variety of cultures may help to ...

Ponterotto, J. G. (2009). A Multicultural Competency Checklist for Counseling Training Programs. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 23(7), 11-20. This article is useful because it sets the foundation into the topic of multicultural competency. This article focuses on the major facets that have been a source of multicultural incompetency in society. Six important themes are addressed in this article. The first important theme that is tackled by the author of this article is the idea of minority representation. The author acknowledges that minority are inadequately represented in some key facets of society. This non-representation has created a scenario ...

In the recent years, the culture concept has attracted the attention of policy makers and health care providers. The multicultural and diverse societies are inspiring the providers of health care for striving to develop the cultural competence and cultural humility. Cultural competence is considered as a set of similar attitudes, policies and behaviors that work together in a system, organization, and agency or among the professionals, which enables to perform work effectively in the cross-cultural situations. It is an active participation, engagement and commitment in a long-term process that people enter into a continuing basis with the patients, colleagues, communities and themselves (Tervalon & ...

INTRODUCTION.

Cultural diversity occurs when differences in ethnicity, language, nationality, race, values, religion, and beliefs occur in a community. A diverse community is that which comprises of residents with diverse cultures. When applied to the workplace, cultural diversity becomes a hot-button that managers have to deal with as it affects their interpretation of events. Such interpretations may add value or strength to a work force, and yet may lead to group disintegration (BRISLIN 2008). Managers, therefore, require being open-minded, willing and non-judgmental about these diversities, if uniformity and efficiency are to be achieved. Cultural diversity, at workplace, exists when groups or different ...

[University Affiliation]

Patient protection and affordable care act

Introduction Effective healthcare systems are inevitable for ensuring better outcomes. So devising appropriate healthcare policies forms a major challenge for governments across the world. PPACA was devised by the United States (US) government with the purpose to better the healthcare sector as a whole and its capability to improve the quality and accessibility of healthcare, cultural competencies and related aspects are discussed. Major initiatives in PPACA to improve quality of care and access to care: Initiatives like integration of the healthcare sector could facilitate in improving the quality of care since it enables the patients to have ...

Introduction

Kahn, Kernan, Arnoff and Griswold (2008) scrutiny culture as a set of behaviors and beliefs that typify, characterize and distinguish a particular age, social or ethnic group. These behaviors and beliefs that are put together are learnt or taught by associating with precise groups. According to culture, persons should conduct themselves in accordance to set rules and regulations. Consequently, culture becomes a very strong contributor on substance abuse by the adolescence. Griswold et al. (2009), states that cultures permit the consumption of prohibited substances as a cultural practice. They go ahead to give examples of some countries in Middle East and Somali cultures that ...

Introduction

Cultural awareness is an important concept in nursing as it helps patients to adapt to the environments that they have found themselves in. It is important to ensure that patients are made comfortable in their environments for quick recovery. This is an important aspect that should be integrated in nursing. This paper will assess various issues in cultural assessment in nursing. It will summarize four articles on cultural awareness in nursing.

Integrating cultural awareness in nursing students

In order to meet the need of serving a population with multicultural make, it is a requirement to teach the nursing students and faculty members the importance of this aspect. ...

Preliminary Matter and Introduction

Culture encompasses all spheres of life. It constitutes the building blocks of what a society subscribes to in terms of norms, morals, values, customs, attitudes and beliefs. All these social and cultural factors shape our worldviews and form our belief systems as individuals which, in turn, motivate our behavior. Culture affects our perception of health as much as our biological make up does. This means that it influences what we believe causes illness and disease, who should cure illness and disease and what should be done to cure illnesses and diseases among other health beliefs; for example, before sick individual ...

1. What is your Cultural awareness? 2. What is your Cultural knowledge? One thing I had to learn was in order for me to understand other cultures and what they believe, I had to explore their own culture so I was able to acknowledge how culture was able to shape them. For example, when dealing with Asian patients, a lot of them do not look you in the eye. At first, I thought they were being rude but after becoming aware of their culture knowledge, I found out that looking someone on the eye is a sign of disrespect. ...

Abstract: It has been noted that if cultural competence is better understood by health care practitioners, the health care received by those who are culturally different will improve. The health care industry is expanding the awareness of cultural differences across many of its educational and professional areas. Through this process, practitioners will be able to better evaluate and treat their patients and patients will have a better understanding of the steps they can take to aid in their healthcare. Cultural competence is a commitment to learn about those who are different from oneself. It includes the ability to associate with ...

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Influence of Culture on Substance Abuse Introduction Culture significantly influences the lifestyle and habits of a person. Thus, it also has a role to play in the substance abuse behaviour among adolescents. The paper attempts to understand the influence of culture on substance abuse in adolescents. The paper is divided into six sections. The first section highlights the knowledge, skills and attitude pertaining to cultural competencies. The second section mentions the dimensions of culture that impact adolescent treatment. The third section indicates the cultural groups that influence adolescent attitude and behaviour. The fourth section discusses explanatory models of substance ...

Introduction

Nurses provide care for patient’s drawn from diverse cultures on a daily basis. Further, they have to work with colleagues whose cultural practices are a far cry from their own. Nurses are also tasked with ensuring that they provide individualized, quality, safe and effective care to their patients. In doing this, they must avoid portraying any cultural bias, prejudices or discrimination towards their clients’ failure to which they risk having their nursing care rejected or at worst being sued. Cultural safety is therefore a vital component of nursing care. Cultural safety otherwise called cultural competency is described in academic literature as a ...

Abstract

Healthcare reform has of recent become an issue that has attracted public attention globally and is being discussed not only in statehouses but also in public. The major issue with health care reform is the associated cost. The reason for this is that a large percentage of Americans are delaying medical attention and therefore influence medical costs. The postponement of medical treatment means long-term health consequences. Simple conditions gone untreated have turned into chronic to more severe conditions, therefore costing the insurance companies more money to cover these medical treatments. The higher cost in turn are passed on to employers ...