Essays on Respiratory Tract

Introduction

Mustard gas, or sulphur mustard is a chemical term for an agent that causes burning of the skin, respiratory tract and eyes. Mustard gas can be captivated into the body via ingestions, inhalation or by getting in touch with the school or students with the eyes or skin. Mustard gas is delivered in a vapour or liquid form, and it burns the skin, windpipe, eyes, and lungs. The physical result depends upon the exposure level and might appear after few hours or in some cases it is sooner. Although mustard gas is lethal in high volume, blister agents are ...

COPD is a medical condition that is characterized by alteration in lung parenchyma, bronchitis, emphysema and narrowing of the respiratory passages. It occurs as a consequence to chronic inflammation reaction involving the respiratory tract. The mucous secretion and fibrosis associated with chronic inflammation, can cause blockage and narrowing of the airway. Bronchitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the lung, while, emphysema is a clinical condition that occurs following the long term destruction of lung parenchyma. Bronchitis and emphysema are both characteristic features of COPD. Destruction of lung parenchyma causes loss of alveolar attachment and decreases the ...

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Asthma is a disease affecting the lungs. Because of asthma the lung tissues become inflamed and narrowed, and this influences the breathing process of the patient. They feel chest tightness, shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing at night or at early morning. Usually the symptoms of chronic asthma are being observed from childhood, but the disease can affect all age groups and reveal itself in adulthood as well. Asthma is a long-term disease. In most of the cases the inflamed airways react to a specific allergen coming from the environment such as pollen, dust or smoke. In order to ...

Introduction

Antibiotics are a class of drugs that are mostly used to treat infections caused by bacteria. Uncountable bacteria live in various parts the human body. These include the gut, skin, mouth and throats (Gelband et. al, 2015). Some of these bacteria are harmless. However, there are others that are pathogenic (disease causing) and can cause infections. These infections are known as bacterial infections and doctors prescribe antibiotics as mode of treatment. Antibiotics were introduced in 1940 and since then they have been significant to modern medicine. The core role of antibiotics was to treat infections caused by bacteria. However, ...

Introduction

Doctors, nurses, and other medical personnel have a series of duties that they must attend to, and one of them is dealing with patients’ medical grievances. Many of these complaints are quite common, ranging from the mundane to life-threatening. However, it is the job of these medical personnel to pay attention to these complaints, as these are the symptoms and underlying causes of the true medical condition of the patient. Knowing what these complaints mean will prove to be useful in a patient’s diagnosis. In some cases, this can mean the difference between life and death because some ...

Q1

Tetanus

It is a disease caused by bacteria known as clostridium tetani. It affects the nervous system leading to muscle contractions. Tetanus has no cure. We use antibiotics to prevent its complications.

Common cold

It is a viral infection affecting the upper respiratory tract. Viruses spread through droplets. Antibiotics cannot be used to treat common cold.

Influenza

It is also a viral disease affecting the upper respiratory tract. It is also known as the flu. Treatment is use of antiviral drugs (Krasner and Shors).

Cholera

It is an acute infection caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water characterized by diarrhea and vomiting. ...

Upper respiratory disease is a term that encompasses acute infections ranging from the benign common cold to life-threatening conditions (e.g., epiglottitis). Cases of upper respiratory disease are easy to recognize because the patients will complain about the following symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2016):

Runny nose (always)

Sore throat (always) Coughing (common, usually in cases of viral etiology) Sneezing (common, usually in cases of viral etiology) Other symptoms depend on the patient’s age, medical history, and the pathogen causing the infection, so it is important to conduct a thorough assessment which consists of the following steps:

Interview the patient.

Perform ...

Introduction

Approximately 2.5 million individuals in the United States contract pneumonia annually, and 55,000 of those individuals die as a result. In fact, pneumonia was the eighth prominent cause of morbidity and is the number one communicable disease in the United States. Pneumonia is the leading deadly hospital-contracted disease and contributes to a sizable amount of deaths in unindustrialized countries as well. It is a grave illness that can impact individuals in all age groups, but it is especially serious in adolescents, the elderly population, and in people with fundamental medical issues such as ischemia, low blood sugar, and ...

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American Academy of Primary Physicians, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and the World Health Organization recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed their infants for the first six months after delivery (Stuebe). In fact, the World Health Organization states that even after solid foods are started at six months, the mother should continue breastfeeding her child for at least two years or as long as she is able to produce milk (Breastfeeding Action Group 1). These organizations are quite correct in issuing these recommendations for as opposed to formula milk, breast milk and ...

Introduction

The respiratory system can be termed as a biological system comprising of specific structures and organs that are used, by an organism, in the respiration process. It participates in the exchange together with intake of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and its environment (Seeley, Stephens and Tate).

In vertebrates that breathe air, respiration occurs in the organs of respiration, lungs. The air passage to the lungs for supply of oxygen to the body is called inhalation, while the air passage away from the lungs to release carbon dioxide is called exhalation. In human beings, the anatomical characteristics ...

Respiratory syncytial infection is an acute viral disease characterized by phenomena of intoxication and moderate lesion predominantly lower divisions Respiratory with the frequent development of bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia. A characteristic feature of this virus is its ability to determine syncytium formation or cells in tissue culture. Replicates in tissue culture HeLa, HEp-2 and human embryonic kidney. In the external environment is unstable at a temperature of 55 ° C is inactivated for 5 min.

A study of the pathogenesis of this disease is difficult. The clinical course of the disease, both natural and experimental infection among adults, does not ...

Introduction

This report is a summary of Sections 3.1 to 3.10 of Chapter 3 – “Infectious Diseases and Treatments” – of “Biology of Disease” (Ahmed, Dawson, Smith & Wood, 2007). Section 3.1: Introduction. A small number of pathogenic microorganisms can cause systemic disease – affecting the entire body. This chapter looks at selected examples of major body systems infections, including microorganisms that can cause generalized infections.

Section 3.2: Infections of the Skin. As an important part of the body’s immune defense system, the skin is normally populated by various microorganisms, which effectively prevent access by invading microorganisms such as Papillomaviruses ...

Evidence based practice and applied nursing research are interrelated with emphasis being put on utilization of research related nursing practice. Nurses are encouraged to utilize research findings in order to make an impact on the health of individuals and groups that are under their Care and this has been directly linked to the development of the Evidence Based Practice (EBP). EBP is an interdisciplinary approach to clinical practice that is rapidly gaining popularity; its basic principle is that all decisions and interventions are made based on research studies and evidence derived from systematic collection of data, observation, experiment, questionnaire ...

Term Paper

Our respiratory system is composed of the air passages provided by 1) nose, 2) pharynx, 3) larynx and 4) the respiratory surfaces of the lungs. The primary function of this system is ventilation and gas exchange. However, there are certain secondary roles played by this system viz. olfaction, phonation, and stabilization of the thorax during the mechanical exertion and certain other biochemical functions. Anatomy and physiology of the larynx: Larynx (commonly known as Voice Box) is a part of lower respiratory tract and is the organ for phonation (generation of sounds). Basically, Larynx is an air passage and has a ...

Exercise 1: Anatomy of the Respiratory System

What are the two functions of the larynx? Larynx is a cartilaginous and a muscular structure while holds vocal cords together. It is used by human beings to talk, swallow and breathe. It is lined by the mucous membrane hence forming part of the respiratory system. Larynx protects the airways by closing quickly after mechanical simulation hence stopping respiratory and curbing the entry of foreign substances into the airways. The larynx also produces sound, controls ventilation and acts as a sensory organ.

Where does gas exchange take place in the lungs?

Gaseous exchange occurs in the lungs and for it to take place; there is the need for a place where ...

English 103

Tobacco has a long history in the America since 600 to 900 A.D. It was used predominantly in medical purposes and the people on that time did not smoke every day (Healthliteracy.worlded.org). Today, smoking has become the major problem in the world since 1950s. According to the cross-section data obtained from 187 countries, nowadays there are more than 967 million of people, who smoke every day compared to 721 million in 1980s (BBC.com). It comprises about 1/10 population in the world and there are more than 480,000 deaths per year that are caused by smoking cigarettes in the United ...

Designing an approach to Lower Respiratory Tract Infections.

Candace Moore No University Affiliation Nursing Introduction: Ethiopia is highly affected by communicable diseases like many countries less economically developed countries. These diseases accounted for over 60% of total death and 63% of DALYs in Ethiopia 2010. Out of these communicable diseases lower respiratory infections play a major role in the mortality and morbidity of the people. These diseases contribute about 14 % and almost 11% of towards all communicable death and DALYs respectively ((( Source from summative assignment))). The risk of developing acute lower respiratory infection was found to be very high in children under the age ...

Meadowbank TAFE

HLTAP501A/B/C Analyze Health Information HLTCOM510B Provide Services to Clients with Chronic Disease or Conditions PATHOLOGY ASSIGNMENT –ASTHMA– Abstract Asthma is a chronic problem that influences lung function. Clinically asthma is identified by the variation in expiratory airflow and abnormal respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, chest congestion, cough, and shortness of breath. The aetiology of asthma is linked to a mixture of genetic and environmental factors, though; heredity or atopy also plays a role in asthma. Asthma is categorized into two types: extrinsic (allergic) and intrinsic (nonallergic). Allergic asthma is an outcome of the reaction of an antibody ...

Introduction

The common cough often makes no alarm at all, especially when it comes to determining the causes or the risks that come with it. However, when a simple cough becomes exuberating, it often calls for distinct attention which usually requires medical assistance. With this consideration in mind, it is then important to note what makes a cough extensively alarming and how it should be given proper attention to for the sake of imposing fast recovery on the patients being attended. For instance, the case of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease requires specific medical attention that usually involves both medication and respiratory therapy. ...

In the process of breathing, a molecule of oxygen has to pass through upper respiratory tract and then lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract consists of air passages of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx and upper trachea. The lower respiratory tract includes the parts present within the chest cavity namely lower trachea and lungs. The oxygen (from air) enters the respiratory system through nose. Nose is made of bone and cartilage covered with skin and has two nostrils divided by a bony septum. The nostrils are lined with fine hair which blocks the entry of dust and bacteria into ...

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), defined as pneumonia that was absent or not developing at intubation, is the second most common hospital acquired infection (Bahrt, 2009, p. 49). It is the most prevalent hospital acquired infection amongst mechanically ventilated patients in critical care units with an estimated 10-20% incidence rate in some hospitals. It affects approximately 28% of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for >48 hours (Button, Culmer, Southard, & Donaldosn, 2005). Patients on mechanical ventilation for >24 hours are 6 to 21 times more likely to acquire VAP than patients not on ventilator support. VAP is the ...

Introduction

The immunological disorders in an individual can occur due to three different reasons. This includes immunological diseases in an immunocompromised individual, or “autoimmune diseases”, or finally an immunological hypersensitivity that can lead to tissue damage.

Immunodeficiency diseases

Immunodeficiency diseases occur due to malfunctioning of the organs or cells in an individual. They are further classified as primary immunodeficiency (PID) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID).

Primary immunodeficiency disease

They occur when there is a direct defect in the immune system. They are further classified into eight groups depending upon the site of the defect. Combined T and B deficiencies. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is an excellent ...

Abstract

The research paper deals with the problem of whether or not cannabis and cancer are interrelated. There are arguments provided in favor of cannabis stimulating the growth and proliferation of cancer and counterarguments, claiming that not only has marijuana consumption no negative impact on human health, but it also has the potential of being used for medical purposes for treating brain, breast, lung, prostate, blood, oral, liver, and pancreatic cancer inasmuch as it serves as a natural inhibitor of tumor growth as well as providing apoptosis of malign cells. Cannabis treatment may also be used as a legitimate, harmless and far ...

Report on Vinyl Chloride

Report on Vinyl Chloride The case involves a man who went into a polymerization tanks measuring 8 feet in high and 5 feet wide. The man went into the tank alone at night, and there was no light in the pit. After 20 minutes, the man did not return, and somebody went to check him. The man was found lying in the pit. The person who was looking for the man climbed in order to get the man out, but the person was overwhelmed by the gas. The person immediately shut the open valve feeling dizzy. The person dragged himself ...

Executive summary

This piece examines ten departments in the hospital that have contributed to the milestones achieved this year. These departments include Dermatology, Oncology, Gastroenterology, Pulmonary, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology and Imaging Orthopedics, and Neurology. This piece describes common diseases seen, significant procedures and services, relevant diagnostic services and the specialty teams in each department.

Introduction

In this fiscal year, the hospital departments have demonstrated excellent performance that has transcended the strategic plan. Under the leadership of the chief executive officer, this hospital has attained its vision and mission that aim to be responsive to client needs through the provision ...

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in infants and young children. The infection is also seen in adults and old individuals, but infants and children are more commonly affected (Krilov, 2011). Infection with RSV accounts for more than 100,000 hospitalizations every year in the US. In US, RSV is a ubiquitous pathogen infecting virtually all children at least once by the time they are three year old. Globally, RSV is associated with 160,000 to 600,000 deaths per year in children alone (Howard, 2000).

Etiology

Prematurely born infants (at 36 ...

One medication that is advertised and promoted online is Zithromax, as promoted in Walmart and where more detailed information is accessible in NetDoctor . It is a drug identified to be used for upper respiratory tract infections . The generic name of Zithromax is Azithromycin and the NetDoctor official website provides comprehensive information which includes how the drug works; what is it specifically used for; how should it be taken; some warning information; how should it be used with caution; what aspects should the drug not to be specifically used in; label warnings; side effects; how this particular drug affects other medicines ...

REPRODUCTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS

Abstract The research paper is on two of the organ systems. The discussion will be the reproductive and respiratory systems. The research will include the effects of the two body systems on the skin. The discussion will involve a brief description of reproduction and respiratory systems. In addition, the organs involved in the two systems will be discussed. The function of the systems and their organs will also be discussed. The health operations of reproduction and respiratory systems will be included in the discussion. Moreover, the pathologies, diseases and disorders that can cause effects on the skin are covered ...

INTERVENTION- Daily administration of low dose aspirin, low dose heparin, nutritional management , control of hypertension in the patient and administration of antibiotics to prevent upper respiratory tract infection from occuring. Rationale- Studies have revealed that prophylactic administration of low dose aspirin is highly effective and safe in preventing the development of respiratory problems from pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis by the patient (Br J Anaesth 2001; 87: 608–24). Daily administration of 75mg aspirin will prevent the formation of clots in the circulation. Also, the daily administration of low dose heparin to the patient has been said ...

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a species of bacteria that is pathogenic( Herchline, 2012). It is one of the members of the Mycobacterium genus. It was first discovered by Robert Koch in 1882. It is described as being an acid-fast organism because it has a waxy coat composed of mycotic acid. This coat, which does not allow gram, stains to take. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an aerobic organism that requires high level of oxygen to survive. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is an acid-fast bacterium that forms stable complexes with aryl methane dyes. Mycobacterium has peptidoglycan structures, which confers on them the acid-fast properties ...

Respiratory system

The respiratory system comprises of the nostrils, the nasal cavity, the nasopharnyx, the bronchi, the bronchioles, the trachea and the alveoli. It can be further divided into two: the upper respiratory tract and the lower respiratory tract. The upper respiratory tract is made up of the nasal passages, pharynx and the larynx. The lower respiratory tract is made up of the trachea, the primary bronchi and lungs. The major function of the respiratory system is the exchange of gases within the body specifically it delivers oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from the blood. The gaseous ...

Introduction

Quality of air is a determinant in the quality of life, indoor air is important as people spend on average 80-90% of their lives in door (WHO, 2007). Indoor air quality began a long time but only been a health concern decades ago when awareness of contaminants presented in the air. The problem begins when the construction of building are highly insulated to conserve energy, which caused a trap to air intoxicants inside the building (E. Willard, 2005). This causes the exchange of outdoor to indoor to lessen and therefore the indoor air pollution builds up.

Indoor air quality is a complex issue as ...