Karpetis, George. "How experienced social workers apply recovery-oriented mental health policies in everyday practice." European Journal of Social Work 23.1 (2020): 106-117.

Social workers are the first line helpers to people who have recently suffered stress, trauma, and crisis events. They go through various training to handle these individuals because each individual has a different perspective and crisis or trauma that they may have undergone, and each one of them requires a different kind of attention. Most of these techniques that social workers use include offering psychological first aid, listening to the victim, and offering them a temporary psychological debriefing to lessen their depression and at least return to a level where they can be able to manage and recover from the trauma.

Some mental health policies require intervention, as many of them do not offer adequate services that are needed to handle matters of crisis intervention and stress-related illnesses. There is a shortage of proper research necessary to provide sufficient recovery principles in mental health centers. Studies and analyses conducted to help researchers know how social workers offer recovery procedures to stress and mentally ill patients in their everyday practice revealed that most social health workers do not relate the policies to victims' daily behaviors. Hence, they fail to elaborate on the practical procedure to handle the recovery process. The terminologies that the workers use are more theoretical than useful. This poses a challenge to many health workers in offering recovery to patients, hence emphasizing more knowledge into the system.

Zhang Lang, Jing Ma, Zai-Quan Dong, Fang Liu, Yan-Ni Hao, Yuan Lao, Xiao-Ling Shen, F, (2020)."Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital." Precision Clinical Medicine 3.1, 3-8.

Coronavirus pandemic has brought severe psychological and social distress to the people of China and the entire world. Face to face communication was limited, especially to those people who were quarantined. The outbreak led to the closure of places and public gatherings, which caused fear and panic as most people lost jobs and suffered traumatic stress, especially those infected and affected, the stigma and the sudden loss and death of their loved ones. Depression has been on the rise as people are distressed due to adverse psychological reactions and adjustment disorders. These sudden outbreaks of public health-related issues cause many mental illnesses and a considerable challenge in the mental health sector.

In the cases of this pandemic, mental health disorders and mainly overlooked and failed to be addressed. They pose a high risk to the wellbeing of the community in psychological matters. Psychological crisis interventions should be dynamic and managed, and promptly integrated to avoid mental health issues' adverse effects. Psychologists and psychiatrists should be actively participating in cases of crisis like these pandemics.

Social support, especially among social workers and psychologists or family members, should be first in line to help out the closest people affected to maintain a healthy state of mind and continuously monitor sufficient continuous work. Coronavirus pandemic affected many people psychologically and emotionally. Still, much is yet to be done to improve health facilities' crisis interventions since resources are inadequate. The benefits are not efficient to cover the nation and the entire world.

Lombard, Antoinette, and Nontembeko Bila. (, 2020). "Developmental Approach to Mental Health." Mental Health and Social Work, 109-128.

Events that provoke and induce traumatic and crisis events have become a frequent threat everywhere in the world. These events range from a suicide attempt, domestic violence, terrorist attacks, fires, accidents, death of a loved one, among others. These events lead people to distressful situations and are overcome by a severe upsetting event. People search for assistance from disaster programs, communal psychological health units, therapy agencies, and reserved practices to overcome distress.

The escalating awareness of crisis services in our communities shows the psychological health managers the need for more and improved public crisis facilities. Unfortunately, many researchers and administrators have proven that some of these interventions purely for good might prove harmful and ineffective. However, an evidence-based approach has confirmed that it can help curb the community's harm during disasters. Practice experience, education, and training are also highly recommended. It is also recommended that social workers and practitioners prepare thoroughly for many different people in a crisis.

The developmental approach to mental health lines up the social workers about their commitment when offering mental health services. The workers are always filled with a need to improve and promote the health of the people around them to improve society. This approach ensures that all social workers leave no one behind in the sustainable goals. This approach offers social health workers a policy where they can provide, promote, and protect mental health to a person, a family, society, and the entire nation. These services offer justice to all and contribute to mental health in the achieving of sustainable goals.

Smith, Yvonne. (, 2014). "Rethinking decision making: An ethnographic study of worker agency in crisis intervention." Social Service Review 88.3,407-442.

Recent studies show that social workforces use the information to make preparation decisions to treat patients. Despite having chronological order on treating patients and victims of psychological stress, they use their ideas and expertise to offer intervention help. Mental health workers in a housing care unit for children ask what styles of interventions workers endorse and how they use formal training during crises. Most of them hardly reported using its consistent decision-making process. As an alternative, they used instincts and sudden psychological replication of likely outcomes.

The acts can be dangerous, especially to children and other vulnerable victims, since they may offer to wrong service that the patient does not need and overlook on listening to them and giving a step by step guide to get the real situation a victim is in. This imperative act can also lead to biasness since the workers can overlook a person and give them the wrong service because of their ethnicity, race, gender, and sexual orientation. This is not recommended when giving psychological first aid and counseling to victims of a crisis, considering the implications of crisis involvement preparation and dogmatic decision-making representations.

Boscarino, Joseph A. (2015)."Community disasters, psychological trauma, and crisis intervention." International journal of emergency mental health 17.1, 369.

Tragedies are usually categorized into numerous groups, including illness epidemics, violence, and human-made disasters. There is also a technological disaster. All these calamities have both shared and distinctive origins that upset disclosure control to these proceedings. The most mutual hostile outcomes perceived amongst persons include the beginning of psychological and bodily health difficulties, misuse of drugs, and amplified mental health service use. Still, the most significant combined health consequence is positive. Following calamities, many individuals exist commonly severe with noticeable less lasting adversative wellbeing results. The prediction of this psychological resistance is the availability of psychosocial properties, absence of previous exposures, and hereditary risk factors. The level of strain experience is a significant hazard factor to the start of psycho pathology. Besides, early short-term psychosocial interventions appear to affect the lessening and modification of adverse health outcomes.

Given the current relationship between ecological and human-made catastrophes, calamities interferences must be considered based on new and prevailing research. Events aftermath health observation must be considered in the outcome of significant occurrences. Representation of previous experiences has suggested that education and communications can decrease negative results. Communication can have the impact of reducing fear but also encouraging protective actions. The implements needed to alleviate the effects of post- distress are manageable. Health professionals, social workers, and practitioners need to be aware of these developments and incorporate them into their training to improve and lessen traumatic stress to disaster victims.

Tavormina, Michele, and Laurene Clossey. (, 2017). "Exploring crisis and its effects on workers in child protective services work." Child & Family Social Work 22.1, 126-136.

When a crisis occurs in a family setup, children are the most affected. At times these children experience child abuse and neglect, and some might end up maltreated. This maltreatment calls for child protective services where children put social workers' protective benefits or some in their family units. Social workers help these children during the crisis and traumatic experiences to help strengthen the back as they also help their families stabilize in family units. Nurturing and supporting children to overcome stress and traumatic experiences is a useful community response. When social workers are committed to providing these services, having undergone good training makes the intervention more profound and straightforward.

Most social workers operating on crisis events interventions in child protective care services suffer burnout, compassion fatigue. Some also are affected by vicarious trauma because children are so vulnerable to abuse. When it occurs to them, they lack the confidence to trust anybody, and the neglect makes them so frustrated, especially when the only person they know is their parent or close family member. These workers suffer emotional breakdowns since it is quite tricky when dealing with children, especially those abused before or neglected. The operatives' private lives are often affected by their job since children in such situations are delicate, and they do not like being left alone.

Most investigations made in child protective services for social workers show that most of these workers suffer secondary trauma in these child welfare units that affect their daily lives as the exhaustion and trauma burns them out every other day. It is commendable that the health care centers and such social work services should consider a considerable understanding of the worker's experiences and help them handle this crisis. When they manifest in their job and give them adequate training to know how to handle these situations at their workplaces and offer better crisis intervention approaches to dealing with children and crisis interventions.

Iravani, Mohammad Reza, and Sajjad Majidi Parast. (, 2014)."Examine the role of social workers in crisis management." Journal of Sociology and Social Work 2.1, 87-97.

In the event of a crisis, there is a lot of pressure involved, especially when a large community is involved. These crisis events cause the breakdown of social life interactions, financial and human injuries, threats, and needs that create new conditions for coping with the crisis. These crises have caused national and international disasters since they lead to a low economy as the situation is being managed, which leads to more and more distress. The best way to prevent such tragedies and distresses of predictable crises is to be prepared, although earthquakes cannot be predicted.

Social workers' role in managing crisis events is the readiness to be alert to stabilize the people or victims of a disaster. These include not being biased regarding race, gender, the different sexual orientation of people, level of education, or even ethnicity. A social worker should be neutral when providing such services since every victim needs help, and they should not be selective. Managing a crisis depends heavily on the social workers because they are the people who offer the first psychological aid to help a victim of trauma feel comfortable and reduce trauma, offer psychological debriefing, and give them a listening ear to express themselves. In the case of family displacements, social workers should provide temporary accommodation to the displaced people, and it should be for a single-gender, not combining males and females.

The experiences of survivors in disasters and crisis first behavior are that they feel hopeless, fear, exhaustion, powerless, and excess worry about the future. Affected individuals and communities, especially children and adolescents are most affected in crisis times as it is a multidimensional phenomenon. The Charter of Social Work is trying to ensure that social workers are well trained and ready to handle crisis management and disasters when they arise and to offer the best care to disaster survivors.

Armiento, Jenna, Chloe A Hamza, Shannon L. Stewart, Alan Leschied. (2016). "Direct and indirect forms of childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury among clinically-referred children and youth." Journal of affective disorders 200, 212-217.

Childhood maltreatment comes in different forms, and it includes physical abuse, sexual manipulation, seeing home violence, suicidal thoughts, and injuries, especially among teenagers since they are the highest affected. According to many researchers, the highest and most rampant child maltreatment cases neglect and witness domestic violence among the children and the youth. This leads to an increased number of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse. Childhood maltreatment has resulted in numerous short and long-term negative impacts on children and youth. These maltreated children are likely to develop mental health-related issues like stress, depression, anxiety, and substance abuse at their young age. It has been determined that children who have been victimized before are likely to suffer the same abuse when they are adults.

Non- suicidal injury is prevalent in children who have been neglected and abused in their family units and to those who have suffered from witnessing domestic violence. Children and youth who observe family violence are expected to suffer low self-esteem, depression, poor school performance, aggressive behaviors, and PTSD symptoms.

Child social workers help provide psychological first aid therapy to these children since most of them suffer from long-term mental issues, vicarious and secondary trauma. These interventional approaches strengthen them and help them to heal and become strong and independent for themselves. Social work services and workers in these children's departments work tirelessly out of their schedules to keep the children safe and back on their feet again by helping them overcome the trauma.

Noullet, Christopher J, Jeffrey M. Lating, Matthew W. Kickhart. (, 2018). "Effect of pastoral crisis intervention training on resilience and compassion fatigue in clergy: A pilot study." Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5.1: 1.

Churches and other religious organizations offer social work services to victims affected by disaster and other crisis events. Most of them lack the required training and skills to provide these services. After a crisis, people in distress feel the best place to receive immediate help is in a religious center since most of the services in these centers are free, and they offer spiritual healing. Most of these intervention strategies are mostly related to constant prayers, and they lack enough traumatic and psychological training and counseling.

Unfortunately, most of these religious centers do not have adequate resources and enough skilled workers to offer emotional and psychological help to crisis, trauma, and disaster victims. They try their best to ensure that people gain more spiritual healing compared to psychological healing. The best part of the study showed that when these clergymen and women are trained in crisis intervention strategies and approaches, they emerged to prove more effective and skilled.

The clergy workers proved resilient after one year of training and minimal compassion burn out when they dealt with crisis interventions. Most of them hardly suffer from secondary trauma, and they proved to be excellent and efficient social workers since most of them are unbiased in the Christian setting. Social education should incorporate more of this training to the people who work in the pastoral and religious centers to offer adequate emotional and psychological treatment to crisis victims.

Wagaman, M. Alex (2015). "The role of empathy in burnout, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress among social workers." Social work 60.3, 201-209.

Social personnel experience a higher possibility of undergoing severe breakdown and STS because of their work and the conditions in which they work. They suffer from these traumatic conditions since they are involved directly with traumatized individuals who have faced disaster and traumatic events recently in their life, and dealing with their emotions get to them since they witness their pain, tears, and emotions. They carry these burdens of the problem with them as they try to comfort and offer these individuals psychological help. Each of the victims has a different issue, and they perceive issues differently. Most of these individuals also want attention to show that you care, and the concentration may be limited since the social workers may be few compared to the individuals who need help.

These experiences make the social workers suffer fatigue and compiled stress since they are meant to keep a victim's story confidential, and hence they carry these burdens of pain with them in their daily lives. Unfortunately, little attention is paid to these workers' concerns as they also need help and empathy to deal with these traumas. Social workers need to be impacted by services and increased compassion, which will enable them to have control and regulate the effect of fatigue and reduce traumatic stress. Empathy is a tool that can address both burnout and traumatic stress by cognitive and enabling accesses that will help the social workers suffer less from the victims' traumatic distress. Compassion satisfaction proved to burnout to help reduce fatigue and stress among the social workers in managing crisis interventions.

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Works Cited

Armiento, Jenna, Chloe A Hamza, Shannon L. Stewart, Alan Leschied. (2016). "Direct and indirect forms of childhood maltreatment and nonsuicidal self-injury among clinically-referred children and youth." Journal of affective disorders 200,212-217.

Boscarino, Joseph A. (2015). "Community disasters, psychological trauma, and crisis intervention." International journal of emergency mental health 17.1, 369.

Iravani, Mohammad Reza, and Sajjad Majidi Parast. (, 2014)."Examine the role of social workers in crisis management." Journal of Sociology and Social Work 2.1, 87-97.

Karpetis, George. (, 2020). "How experienced social workers apply recovery-oriented mental health policies in everyday practice." European Journal of Social Work 23.1, 106-117.

Lombard, Antoinette, and Nontembeko Bila. (, 2020). "Developmental Approach to Mental Health." Mental Health and Social Work, 109-128.

Noullet, Christopher J, Jeffrey M. Lating, Matthew W. Kickhart. (, 2018). "Effect of pastoral crisis intervention training on resilience and compassion fatigue in clergy: A pilot study." Spirituality in Clinical Practice, 5.1: 1.

Smith, Yvonne. (, 2014). "Rethinking decision making: An ethnographic study of worker agency in crisis intervention." Social Service Review 88.3, 407-442.

Tavormina, Michele, and Laurene Clossey. (, 2017). "Exploring crisis and its effects on workers in child protective services work." Child & Family Social Work 22.1, 126-136.

Wagaman, M. Alex (2015). "The role of empathy in burnout, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress among social workers." Social work 60.3, 201-209.

Zhang Lang, Zai-Quan Dong, Jing Ma, Yan-Ni Hao, Xiao-Ling Shen, Fang Liu, Yuan Lao. (, 2020). "Recommended psychological crisis intervention response to the 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in China: a model of West China Hospital." Precision Clinical Medicine 3.1, 3-8.