Humanity Critical Thinkings Samples For Students

The Great Divorce a great work of Lewis that attempts to challenge the assumption that humanity will be saved in the end. Lewis revisits the controversial subject of Hell and Heaven and the humanity’s desire of leading a happy life. The book develops a story that explains the people’s course from Hell to Heaven through which the narrator understands that human beings are presented with the opportunity of staying in the heaven, but fail to explore this chance because they prefer to stay in Hell. Lewis develops this concept by creating a scenario where he allows the cursed spirits to have a “ ...

1 Is there some action you think qualifies as being objectively right or wrong? That is, some action that everyone should see as proper and moral because it is really bad and not just bad because someone or some culture says it is bad? If you think you have a candidate, tell us what it is and make sure you give some reasons why you think it is objective. If you don’t think there are any objective values, explain why.
Laws and social mores have been developed and re-worked for millennia, often using religious thought as a catalyst. Humanity ...

Introduction

Question 1
Utilitarianism can be easily understood as a situation whereby there is a need to maximize happiness while reducing suffering. In this case we are introduced to a neurosurgeon that is performing some experiments in his lab. Homeless men are brought to his lab by kidnappers. The main aim of this action is to find a procedure for fixing spinal damage. He wants to perfect in his field of surgery by trying to fix the spinal codes of the homeless men. These homeless men cannot defend themselves since they are not in the position to do so since they have been ...

Question one

A maxim that, in order to maximize my pleasure, I will take recreational drugs whenever I feel like is self-defeating. It cannot be applied as a universal law to all humans as rational beings. It will be a failure to cultivate talents in exchange for a life full of pleasure and leisure. This is also a compromise of human capacity for self insight, self development and personal growth. This is because it is just a quick fix to challenge individuals are facing in their lives.
Additionally, Kant provided arguments against taking of recreational drugs because he termed them as exclusive substitutes for self ...

A Promotion Plan

Habitat for Humanity ReStores: A Promotion Plan
Background
ReStores of Habitat for Humanity was founded in 1991 as donations in kind to help building homes accumulated. People organized themselves to get donations of previously-owned home furnishings and other materials that would support Habitat for Humanity’s activities. ReStores has served as Habitat’s drop-center and selling outlet for donated materials. Through the sales of the products, it has served as one of Habitat’s fundraising channel. The donated materials themselves were used in building homes for qualified people. The store also served as a volunteer recruitment center for Habitat, ...

The United Nation can be equated with peace and security, although its objectives are wider and entail promotion of human rights, social and economic development as well as self-determination. Nonetheless, the United Nation is the main collective security institution. The United Nation has a world-wide membership and various competences in security, peace as well as matching powers which entail the capability to make decisions on non-forcible measures as well as authorize various military actions that range from consensual pacification to full scale fighting. The United Nation has an ardent diplomatic function which is often channeled through the United Nation Secretary-General ...

Justice is something which underlies our own society – without it, indeed, some people posit that there can be no such thing as society. While many people state that justice is the same thing as the law, with Plato being the most visible proponent of this theory, others, such as Socrates, hold the two to be very different things. As we shall see below, while Socrates and Plato disagree on whether or not justice and law are the same, they both agree when it comes to addressing the role that justice takes in internal adherence to the values of the ...

Little progress has been made so far in demystifying the controversy of judging the criterion of what is right or wrong. Since the dawn of philosophy, the question of the “summum bonum” or the greatest good concerning morality. The question has resulted in division into sects and schools warning against each other and is recognized as the core problem when thinking speculatively.

According to the Kantian theory, the basis of defining good or bad is based on the will or the intention behind the action. There is nothing impossible to think of in the world or outside it ...

Introduction

Knowledge is defined as the accurate understanding or acquaintance with areas of human survival. The more advanced understandings we have with on environment represent our improved survival. Humans traditionally gain knowledge through two sources. The first is through books. Books have always been the elementary source of knowledge from a very tender age. Children are not the only a group that use books or other written sources to gain knowledge but also adults.
Despite the fact that books are very informative, experience is also another vital source of knowledge for humans. Experience is very vital as it uses real situations ...

Augustine and Pelagius on Nature and Grace

In the 5th century, in the Church of Rome, the theological debate arises about the balance of forces of human nature and the grace of God in the salvation of man. Long before the separation of the Churches, the theological debate has significant influences on the development of Western Christianity both in the Roman Catholic and Protestant traditions. Particularly, the debate focused with the two important and outstanding names of the history, the Father of the Western Church, Saint Augustine of Hippo with his counterpart monk Pelagius, both are involved of this argument. Correspondingly, the Pelagian controversy has changed ...

Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein was one of the most elegant and horrifying pieces of literature written in its time, and is still widely considered a Gothic horror classic. The book follows Dr. Victor Frankenstein, a reclusive mad scientist, who seeks to create new life by sewing together the limbs and remains of several other dead bodies and reanimate them. The book and its monster have been compared to many different things in a variety of subtexts, but one of the clearest readings of the book indicates that the monster represents the dangers of knowledge, especially as the book posits that the pursuit ...

Martin Luther’s “Freedom of a Christian” cited the power of a human being not existing in the physical world but in the one hereafter. This world is to be contained in the word of God, and by His word, the humanity can be saved and be a part of a treasure that can only be obtained inwardly. This possibility could only be obtained, can only be found by acknowledging the soul. By acknowledging the soul, humanity can accept opportunity that is not in the present time—that is not of the weaker state of life—but has foundation in faith. To believe ...

In the history of humanity, there were numerous questions the most brilliant scholars of all times were trying to answer. Among the most complicated and substantial questions was an issue of human nature, its origin and developmental implications. With each epoch, answers were becoming more and more diverse. Subsequently, in each epoch there were people who tried to summarize collected knowledge. In this context, the main aim of the current essay is to compare two theories of human nature. In this context, approaches of Karl Marx and Sigmund Freud are explored in respect to philosophers’ intelligence and far-reaching interpretation ...

[The Course]

Adolf Hitler was the head of the Nazi Party in Germany and the Chancellor of Germany during the period from 1933 to 1945. In 1934 Hitler became a Führer of Germany, which meant that he in fact became the dictator of Germany. Hitler was initiator and central figure of the World War II and Holocaust (genocide of Jews).
Information about Adolf Hitler is worth saving, because it has a lot of lessons to learn. In particular, the period of Nazi rule in Germany showed, how important it is to be a responsible citizen. Hitler demonstrated the ...

Introduction: Social Control

Social control entails generally to both the political and societal mechanisms/ processes present, which aid in the regulation of group and individual behavior. This is often in an attempt at gaining both compliance and conformity to the prevailing rules, norms and regulations set, in a given jurisprudence, social grouping or society. In the field of sociology, this is categorized into two core avenues: informal and formal means of social control. The former, pertains to the internalization of various values and norms, through various forms of socio-cultural and religious interactions. The latter, entails the presence of external sanctions, enforceable through policies, ...

In an age of scientific advancement, it is easy to take for granted a number of widely-held facts and theories that have been largely substantiated by scientific inquiry. One of these fundamental theories is the theory of evolution-- much of science and medicine is built upon the foundation of evolutionary theory. Without an understanding of evolutionary theory, modern medicine would not have advanced to the point that it has; humanity's ability to produce vaccines and do work on genetic diseases and stem cells would be severely curtailed, if not impaired entirely. Indeed, without Darwin's introduction of evolutionary theory, humanity's understanding ...

Introduction

Karen Warren coined the term “Ecofeminism” in explaining the logic of domination where the notion of people’s control over nature as a whole is wrong and for the same reason that the subordination of women to the will of men is also wrong. According to argument, feminists should object to the idea domination because subordination of women and domination over nature both represents the logic of domination. On the other hand, the asserted claim of twin domination encompasses several issues. In this discussion, Warren’s logic of domination and the concept of ecofeminism will be examined by explaining ...

Revolution can be regarded as an inevitable part of society’s evolution, whereas following the world’s revolutions one may observe a smooth transition of humanity from the early dawn of civilization to modern progressive and technological face of our planet. It’s necessary to point out that each revolution should be analyzed objectively, without disguising it someone’s favor; otherwise the true historical meaning of the even can be lost. The American Revolution started after Britain applied the seven Coercive (in other words Intolerable) Acts to the colonies, including the closing of the Boston port, and a permission ...

Psychology of humanity is as interesting as presented by Bowlby in this article. The idea that human beings view the world through mental images that can change at the event of a new experience or set of experiences is interesting, and relates closely to the subjective views that many people hold. This ideal therefore holds a valid stand in the psychological areas of humanity and relationships. The subsequent section explains the variances that inform attachment theory.
The exposition of the attachment theory explains a critical phenomenon in the life of humanity and psychology. From the previous study of young children and ...

Human population growth over the last few centuries has skyrocketed to a level previously unseen in human history. Although a wealth of new technologies now exist to make life easier and the overall standard of living higher, scientists and consumers alike are facing ever-increasing ethical questions regarding the intersection of consumable items and technology.
Food production changed forever during the Industrial Revolution, a western social, technological, and philosophical movement that spanned the late eighteenth and entirety of the nineteenth century (Underhill). Technological innovations like the cotton gin and the steam engine allowed for more effective food harvesting, while agricultural practices improved ...

Optimism has never done very well in literature, or any of the written media. From the very beginning, the stories that were recorded for posterity revolved around chaos, around, heartache, around tragedy. The Book of Job, considered by many to be the oldest part of the Old Testament, is about a wager between God and his adversary over the morals of a man; that man's family and possessions are the chattel in that wager. The earliest Greek writings include the tragedies of Sophocles and Aeschylus; the plots include twists that might even make the Kardashians blush: a son murdering his father (without ...

Human beings are made up of two effects, body and soul. For pure life, word of god is important which is honoured by faith. Faith is necessary for the soul for its salvation. Work should be used to serve other to become a true Christian. A Christian should have abundant faith and should use his body to live for others, like Christ did.

1. What are the terms Luther uses to describe the twofold nature of humanity?
Luther says that humanity is dual natured. They are of spiritual nature or soul, inward, new man, and bodily nature or fleshy, ...

Neill Blomkamp’s allegorical sci-fi action adventure District 9 manages to fit a number of trenchant themes and issues relating to technology and politics within its unusual structure and audacious tone. Depicting a fictionalized world in which a derelict alien ship floats above Johannesburg, South Africa, with its indigent alien population (colloquially called ‘prawns’) segregated into districts and marginalized by its people, District 9 uses its setting in a powerful way to present a startling critique of the African apartheid that occurred in the late half of the twentieth century. In addition to its social criticisms about apartheid and ...

Summary

The Romans made many decisions which were pertinent to the internal affairs of the city of Rome. Rome disunited itself from the Plebs and the Roman Senate making the city free and more powerful. Liberty was placed in the hands of both the people and the Nobles, provided these individuals had a greater reason to gain or protect. The government in Rome was keen on eliminating the enmity between the Populace and the Senate. Religion was an important aspect in Rome, and the lack of a medium between the Roman Catholic Church led to the destruction of Rome. A ...

What Kind of Truth is Steinbeck Trying to Explore in Cannery Row?

This essay deals with the novel of John Steinbeck, which is called Cannery Row. The main goal of this essay is to reveal the kind of truth that Steinbeck tries to explore. A lot of critics state that Steinbeck tries to create some sort of social utopia. He tries to do it by presenting a society where a group of misfits is able to coexist due to their tenderness and warm-hearted nature. However, there are also examples of violence and cruelty (eNotes).
Cannery Row is the place on the map where all the people are poor, but thy have ...

What is real?

Real is a philosophical term used in different ways: as existing at all; objectively manifested world; a fragment of the universe, constituting an appropriate subject area of science; objectively existing phenomena, facts, that is really existing. There are objective (material) and subjective reality (phenomena of consciousness) reality.

What are the nature and limits of knowledge?

There are two main types of human knowledge: pre-scientific, everyday, art (aesthetic assimilation of reality) scientific knowledge and expertise (theoretical and empirical). Everyday knowledge is based on common sense and ordinary consciousness. It is formed under the influence of everyday life. Moreover, it is associated with the experience of a limited circle ...

In any discussion of the conscience and the icons that have become examples of what conscience means, there is a need to discover what a conscience is and from where it comes. Only then can the discovery of iconic roles such as Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Sophocles’ Oedipus be understood as examples of how the conscience works.
There can be no conscience without communication. The requirement of communication to establish a conscience is a common human trait. “There are tribes in Africa where a baby is called a kuntu, a ‘thing,’ not a muntu, a ‘person’” (Lederer 3). It ...

The paper provides a discussion on the arguments of Marx and Foucault with the aim of exploring on the theme of illusion. It discusses their views and opinions on power, sex, religion and philosophy. It identifies similarities and differences in their approach to the topic of illusion throughout their discussions. It also identifies the current problem in the society which is connected to illusion and suggests a remedy to the problem.
Foucault discusses the whole idea of power stressing much on the positions of those people who hold power in any societal setting and how they relate with their ...

One of the greatest threats currently faced by humanity is that of a deteriorating environment. For the last several decades, pollution has become a major concern for many countries worldwide. One of the greatest contributors to severe pollution are fossil fuels. Because of their accessibility and availability, they are the most widely used energy resource. Whole societies rely on these fossil fuels to provide them with heat, electricity, and consequently all other important aspects of daily life.
On the other hand, in recent decades we have also seen the rise of nuclear energy. While it is renewable, cleaner, cheaper, ...

English

Consider the Lobster is a topic initially looks like an environmental issue that is being covered by the media as it slowly progresses into an exhaustive and interesting article that captivates the interests of the readers very quickly. The audience of Wallace, especially for this particular piece of writing is rather exhaustive as the people addressed are gourmet food lovers, food scientists, animal activists, social activists, as well as chefs.
‘Consider the Lobster’ is an article in which Wallace brings up a topic the need for morality and humanity with respect to animal abuse. Similar to the minorities dwelling ...

In the Groundwork Kant makes a claim that hypothetical imperatives because of their dependence on contingent and variable desires, wishes, and ends cannot provide universally valid rules of action for all rational beings, and therefore cannot be moral. Therefore, moral imperatives must be categorical rather than hypothetical. In other words, they must be unconditionally valid rules of action for all rational beings. Moral principles must therefore be formal and be able to serve as universal laws. In a nutshell, according to Kant (i) the moral principles must be categorical imperatives (ii) the concept of a categorical imperative is an idea of an unconditional ...

1. The issue of immigration is a multi-faceted, controversial one. It encompasses issues such as cultural assimilation, human rights and dignity, law and justice, employment, as well as educational opportunities for host countries and migrant countries. For example, some people, like Jonathan Laurence, demand a secular absorption of Muslims -- an unconditional acceptance of their cultural norms by their host countries, and more tolerance for the rapidly-growing Muslim population in European countries. Laurence is an associate professor of political science at Boston College. Kofi Annan, United Nations' Secretary General on International Flows of Humanity, states that we need a more-balanced, conservative approach ...

Primitive people believed in various sorts of deities to help them in their daily tasks; the ancient Hittites, Egyptians, Greeks, and the Babylonians worshipped many gods and goddesses to help them win wars, good harvest, as well as to ensure the safety of the whole empire. Because these societies lack the modern knowledge regarding scientific beliefs, religion played a very important role in shaping the society. Even today, interesting artifacts gathered from recent excavations were discovered by archaeologists of the modern times. These reliefs from the past told scholars about the power and influence of the priests (in Hittite, kings ...

The basic premise behind what cost-benefit analysis, also known as CBA, represents is based on a rejection of ethical evaluations that have been based upon the assumptions of abstract moral principles. In this sense, CBA presents a differentiation from those ethical intentions that are underlined by principles based in logical argumentation, rather than experience based in the real world. Furthermore, these notions present an assumption that there can, indeed, be a morally guided justification that is based in relevant interpretations of those events that have been presented as such.
What sets cost benefit analysis apart from other forms of ethical frameworks ...

It is often the case that science fiction writers infuse aspects of religion in their works. In the case of the two books Out of the Silent Planet and Bellwether the authors have infused aspects of religion in their works as will be shown in this essay. The presence of science fiction in books makes the genre more interesting to read. In the two novels the two main characters are characterized by their agency and their subjectivity. This means that they exhibit a mythic dimension and an ethical dimension. Characterized by their agency, the main characters in these novels are ...

Establishment

Abstract
According to some scholars, globalization started with the discoveries in 15th century. It caused the creation of the first charter companies, exchange in the world scale, and the first international agreements. Globalization in the present stage of development becomes an object of special, maybe, even the greatest attention. It is due to the fact that globalization is primarily the actual development of the civilization in the late 20th and early 21st century that is the creation of a unified and coherent system in the fields of economy, politics, culture, and mass communications.
Key words: globalization
Globalization ...

Tropical Deforestation

The tropical forests are an ecosystem located in the inter-tropical zone, between 23°S and 23°N. The tropical forests contain the most important biodiversity in plants and animal species. The tropical forests are very important to the planet as a source of oxygen for the planet.
The deforestation is a phenomenon that exists since the human is on earth. From eighteen century the deforestation in all the regions of the world and especially in the tropical forest increases its rate due too many factors as: agriculture, wood, mineral extraction and cities expansion. The deforestation is conducted both by economic ...

Law

The death penalty is a fair punishment
Rough Draft Revision 1
Death penalty should not be abolished since it has been proven to effectively deter crimes. Although the anti-death penalty groups believe that death is a grave punishment because the calculated killing of a human being by the State is considered as a denial of the executed person’s humanity and the right to life (Mandery 167). Some lawmakers believe that death penalty is cruel and degrading which is in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. However, several crimes have been committed nowadays without due regard to respect for human ...

Introduction

Wiesel a Jewish by identity is not clear on the reasons behind the barbaric wonders to them. The Germans thorough atrocities to the Jewish in generalized thinking was to do away with the Jewish as it was an order that had to be followed as in any fighting battalions orders are termed to be orders that cannot be bend to soot self interest other than the group mission. The main reasoning behind the inhumane act of genocide was that the Jews wanted to take over Germany and so the best way to deal would be scraping them totally.
It ...

When it comes to measuring the intellectual capability and the level of human relationships, the young people are the best instruments. This can never be achieved better by looking at any other place rather than the American society. The American youth and what they display is a fundamental measure of how environment affects behaviour. The ever changing behaviour of the society is so alarming which has prompted literature writers and other scholars to condemn the act. Technology not only promises people an easy life but also providing measures through which people can leave a life free of stress despite it being ...

The two books by Michael Kaufman and Beauvoir compare. In the book “The construction of Masculinity and the Triad of Men’s Violence” Michael Kaufman highlights the fact that the act of violence exists in many things at once. He compares the violence to a ritual action in social relations of power. In essence, there is the dominant and the weaker, the powerful and the powerless, the active and the passive and finally the masculine and feminine. The argument is similar to what Simone de Beauvoir in his book “The Other Sex” questioned why some violence is regarded as acceptable ...

“Am I to be thought the only criminal, when all human kind sinned against me?” (165). Mary Shelley has written her novel in such a way that she strongly succeeds in convincing her readers that the monster created by Dr. Victor Frankenstein is nothing but a “vile insect” (68) that should be furiously loathed and disdained. However, is Frankenstein’s monster really the villain as Shelly has portrayed him to be and as Victor believes him to be, or is he, in fact, a victim in this story, a “fallen angel” who was driven “joy for no misdeed” (69)?
After reading ...

Q1. The Role of the Temple in Ancient Judaism

A temple is a structure put aside for spiritual and religious activities e.g. sacrifice, prayer or analogous sites. The Jews refer to call their place of worship as temples, shull or synagogues. It is a center of prayer, study and teachings as well as a social center.
The temple is and was a household of entreaty. The prayers offered in the shrine were sacred since they interaction with God. It was also a dwelling of Torah and Halakha (legislation), offering of sacrifices, and devotions.
Offering of sacrifices was a way of serving God and asking for forgiveness in one sins. The animal’s ...

“In testing a patient’s blood, a doctor learns that the patient has AIDS. He tells the patient, who says, ‘I don’t want my wife to know I have the disease.’ Should the doctor honor the patient’s request, or should he tell the wife?”
It is the moral obligation of the doctor to protect the patient and act according to his desires. The above case is an issue of professional ethics where a doctor is obliged to keep the patients information private and act according to his desires. There is however the issue of ensuring that other people around ...

The Prime Directive is the premise of anthropological research. It requires anthropologists not to interfere in the cultures of the people in lieu of modernizing the said cultures. This is a fundamental ethical requirement in the study of anthropology. It serves two purposes. First, it allows the scholar to eliminate bias, thus being in one with the studied culture. Second, it makes it possible for the anthropologist to understand the humanness of the group in question. In relation to the topic of question, I think being a global citizen is to be human. Any meaningful human soul cannot be restful unless ...

"PunishmentA strange thing, our punishment! It does not cleanse the criminal, it is no atonement; on the contrary, it pollutes worse than the crime does.” In this statement, Nietzsche questions the contemporary perspective on punishment, the good and evil. According to Nietzsche (a self-confessed Dionysian), punishment is a creation of the Apollonian god who alternately punishes and shows mercy, to demonstrate his power. This sets a poor precedent for modern civilization, established to nurture creativity over rationality. Unfortunately, modern civilization anchors on similar precedents. Punishment has nothing to do with reforming character and behavior; it has everything to do with making people ...

Talk About Haiti

All human beings have a right to freedom and they have the capability of overcoming oppression and injustices such as Authoritarian leadership and slavery just to mention a few. The revolution in the Caribbean is a classic example of how united and focused humans with a common good, can achieve their goal. Ada Ferrer makes a valuable argument that the archives are biased since they are influenced by state powers, but facts have a way of exposing themselves in one way or another. This is evident in the various channels used to extrapolate information on the Haitian revolution such as letters, word of mouth, and ...

The argument on whether God does exist is one that has been debated by many people for a long time; philosophers on their part have based their assertions on theistic proof on rationality and logic. Some religious groups argue that this debate cannot be decided by logic alone but rather some faith is needed to understand God’s existence. However, that is not always the case; philosophers like Descartes, who is considered the father of modern day philosophy, were able to give theistic proof using valid philosophical arguments. It is hence interesting to try and answer the question of whether ...

Abstract

In the framework of the modern merge between philosophy and economic theory, two opposite theories of socio-economic development of human civilization are of specific interest. The first concept theory is Mill’s perception of the liberalism and its further contribution to formation of free market system. The second one is classical Marx’s theory of socialism, which should save humanity from social stratification and anarchy of the free market. In order to understand the correlation between those two concepts and realize what might be wrong about liberty, Mill’s work “On Liberty” will be analyzed from the perspective of ...

Task:

In the Carl Sagan novel, Contact, we encounter a young woman character by the name, Ellie Arroway. In the beginning, of the novel we find Ellie questioning whether there was a possibility of teaching the ants about the alphabet. This became the genesis about discussion on the Great Chain of Beijing. This gives an opportunity for the introduction to the role of a young human as a learner and one who utilize knowledge and experiences (Sagan 30). Ellie does not consider herself as a theist and or atheist. She is agnostic. As the main character with another character prepares the audience for Sagan’s ...

Abstract

In the present paper, the connection between religion and science is described through the interdependence of root metaphor and truth. The rational of the mentioned explanation is emphasized through the argument of Richard A. McCormick, a prominent theologist, moralist and bioethists. Thus, his explanation of modern unity of religion and science in the search of truth is explained.

Key words: religion, science, truth, root metaphor, McCormick, humanity, perception.

The Revelation of Truth Trough Metaphor
Using the concept of “root metaphor”, Richard A. McCormick managed to do something which scholars, scientists and priesthood could not do for ages. He had explained both rationally and scholarly that traditional notion of religion ...

1. The main components of food crises equation are levels of consumption, technological development and social inequality. The first component is conditioned by human lifestyles, social structure and income level. In this context, the disparity between developed countries were people not just eat more, but their income and level of life comfort gives them an opportunity to eat more meat and high-caloric food, is meant; while people from developing countries have a vegetarian and low-protein diet. Subsequently, the needed action concerning this component is stabilizing the parity of consumption, discouraging population of developed countries from eating too much meat. Technological ...