Language Literature Reviews Samples For Students

OCT5, 2014

Use of the First Language (L1) in Teaching a Second Language
LITERATURE REVIEW
This literature review will analyze previous studies that investigated similar problems to those given in the topic. The literature review will focus on three major areas: The effect of using student’s L1 in the English as a foreign language classroom; the relationship between teachers’ and students’ perception of language learning to the actual L1 and L2 use in the classroom; and teachers’ and students’ beliefs on the role of L1 and L2 in the Arabic foreign language classroom.

The effect of using student’s L1 in the English as a foreign language classroom

Many language scholars have conducted research on ...

INSTAGRAM

Introduction
Communication is a vital part of every human being. For there to be any form of communication, established ways and mechanisms are is required .Language is one of the mechanism through which people pass messages. People create new words in order to satisfy their need of expression which comes as; thoughts, feelings, ideas among others. This paper examines language and communication with regard to how people communicate with each other with review of how language interacts with culture in the socialization and learning processes. The main focus of the paper is the social media as mode of commutation ...

Literature Review

This literature review will explore the different factors that can affect teaching English as a secondary language to adult learners. The need for learning English has met an increased demand when it became a universal language. Compared to other major languages like Spanish and Mandarin, there are significantly more people from different parts of the world who use English as their main medium of instruction. Hence, we will supplement this research with a literature review of published researches and studies related to English as second language learning for adults. All related literatures mentioned in this chapter are published journals that have a publication ...

Literature Review

This literature review will explore the different factors that can affect teaching English as a secondary language to adult learners. The need for learning English has met an increased demand when it became a universal language. Compared to other major languages like Spanish and Mandarin, there are significantly more people from different parts of the world who use English as their main medium of instruction. Hence, we will supplement this research with a literature review of published researches and studies related to English as second language learning for adults. All related literatures mentioned in this chapter are published journals that have a publication ...

I. Introduction
In comparison to other industrialized nations, the United States does not place nearly as much educational emphasis on bilingualism or multilingualism. However, within the United States, there is a growing demand for bilingual and multilingual individuals at all levels of industry, from the lowest levels of customer service to the highest levels of government. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of government, industry, education, and society in regards to language education and policy in the United States and other English-speaking countries. It will investigate the ways in which other countries support and encourage ...

World Englishes

The concept of World Englishes has been receiving a lot of attention since the past few years. This literature review presents some of the recent studies that were focused on this topic.
The local forms of English that gets developed because of the local language blended with English, which eventually turns into the standard language of a particular society or a religion, are defined as World Englishes. Also, the terms ‘World English’ & ‘World Englishes’ are different from each other. While the term ‘World English’ denotes English language as a lingua franca (ELF), the term ‘World Englishes’ is something which ...

Thesis statement

Learning various languages expands the boundaries for people and provides the different opportunities to cross-cultural dialogue, business development and employment. About 60% of the World population speak more than one language. Acquiring correct and intellible pronunciation, according to general observation, is one of the hardest tasks for all language learners.
Most of the additional language learners develop an accent, that allows other people to distinguish non-native speaker and to make suggestions about her origin and native language. Presence of an accent commonly does not change intelligibility of the speech (perceived phonological constancy, Mulak et al., 2013), that is ...

Cross cultural communication barriers in provision of health care are global problems have been reported in various parts of the world. In provision of personalized care, it is necessary for nurses to consider the cultural identity and needs of patients in their care. It is therefore imperative for the nurse to play an ethical role in providing culturally acceptable care to the patients. The establishment of nurse patient therapeutic connection is dependent on the ability to communicate and share a common interpretation (McCarthy, Cassidy, Graham & Tuohy, 2013). Consequently, the therapeutic communication ought to be a focused and objective association that takes ...

Impact of Video Games in English Learning

Impact of Video Games in English Learning
Technological changes have brought new ideas, software, video games and many other developing applications in computer use. Adults and children are using computers to distract their minds and perform challenging tasks that improves their innovative skills. Children play video games primarily for fun and education. There are different forms of video games that can be found over the internet via YouTube and many other technological sources. Children tend to choose the kind of games meant for their age levels that keep them interested. There are many different kinds of games available. For ...

“Second language acquisition is the process by which people learn a second language” (Rathod, 2012). When it comes to learning a new language, some persons will learn quickly and effortlessly, while others will have great difficulty. Many people have learnt a second language while in school, and knows that in order for them to successfully learn a second language they had to work hard and be determined and persistent in their efforts. But even as everyone gave their best effort in learning a new language the results varied across the student body. This variance is due to the fact that successfully acquiring a second language ...

A Socio-Linguistic Study

Literature Review
A Socio-Linguistic Study

Abstract

The enduring widespread political and public engagements in the Arab world have actually empowered many segments of the public in those regions. The debate on the impact of social media on various aspects of the Arab world as well as globally continues among the Arab policy makers. The incessant strong progress, acceptance and diversity of the usage of social media platforms across the entire Arab world in the recent years, specifically in 2012points to the fact that many well-known movements like the Arab Spring and extensive social media usage are sweeping the Arab world. ...

While the literature and interest in bilingualism in education in the Middle East remains new, it is widely practiced across the world either by design or by a complete accident. Many literatures ignore or only mention the Middle East in passing, possibly due to the perception that the Arab world homogenously used Arabic, and are even hostile against English, French, Germany and others. Karmani (2005) and Karmani and Pennycook (2005) in Gallagher (2011) deconstruct the evolution of rhetoric and attitudes towards English, which was inevitably associated with the US activities in the Arab world, besides the perceptions that is is a ...

Abstract

This article offers an insight into the study of neurolinguistics as a subject of neurology. It also offers a theory of language that is developmental in nature and an insight into the neural systems that lead to linguistic capabilities. Language develops in four stages, as suggested by early perceptual experience. These four phases take place in an independent and fixed sequence. A different ontogenetic function is arrived at in every phase of language. The functions in question have neural systems, proprietary in kind, that differs in their respective degree of specialization.
Under evaluation is an analytical mechanism largely responsible for ...

Foreign language writing anxiety involves the confusion brought about while one tries to learn a foreign language. For instance, a Japanese trying to learn English will find it challenging. The foreign language writing anxiety brings about a number of problems related to life like low performance in the studies. Nevertheless, success in writing is brought about by a number of things like flow of ideas, self-expression, growing confidence, outsider expectations as well as enjoyment of academic writing - all of which affect students with foreign language anxiety. Students affected by low proficiency are usually more anxious as compared to those with high proficiency ...

The way students study languages nowadays is completely different from how our parents were studying languages around twenty or thirty years ago. Everything is very much faster, progressive, innovative and more effective nowadays, and the learning process of languages is not an exception. Currently any person’s life is inevitably connected to social media networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn, What’s Up, YouTube Twitter, and many others. Twitter as a part of social media networks that can facilitate the learning process is going to be discussed in this paper. Twitter is known as “microblogging” (Aidyn, 2014) social network where ...

Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter is comprised of the review of relevant theoretical and evidence-based literature. The review begins with a discussion of the literature on Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory, Motivational Theory (MT), and Constructivist Theory to establish the conceptual framework. Each theory is discussed in the context of pedagogical practice. The review continues with the discussion of the literature on technology and social media in general, as well as on the technology, social media and learning in particular. The review then concludes with the review of the research literature on using Twitter in EFL teaching with learning in ...

World Englishes

The concept of World Englishes has been receiving a lot of attention since the past few years. This literature review presents some of the recent studies that were focused on this topic.
The local forms of English that gets developed because of the local language blended with English, which eventually turns into the standard language of a particular society or a religion, are defined as World Englishes. Also, the terms ‘World English’ & ‘World Englishes’ are different from each other. While the term ‘World English’ denotes English language as a lingua franca (ELF), the term ‘World Englishes’ is something which ...

Learning disabilities refer to an assortment of disorders which are usually evidenced by pertinent difficulties in attainment of educational knowledge. This can be manifested through complexities in; reading, listening, writing, speaking or reasoning. Learning disabilities can be classified into various categories based on the information processing ability of the students. Some students may experience difficulties in the input and synthesis of information. Whereas others may find it difficult to integrate and interpret the information given. Consequently, some students may have disabilities in the storage of educational information thus they find it difficult to memorize what is taught in class ( ...

The SMS language or texting has evolved to be a popular form of communication in this digital era where mobile phones are easily accessible to millions of people around the world. Further, the SMS language or texting is preferred by many persons engaged in it on both gender. The preference for texting can be attributed to a number of reasons. The early mobile phone messaging had a number of features that necessitated the use of abbreviations in testing. For instance, it was difficult to make text entry since it required multiple pressing on the keypad in order to generate the required letters. ...

(i) Tree Tree (Arbole, arbole) by Kenneth Koch.

Color is a valuable resource in education especially if it comes in the form of pictures. Colors add to the attraction in learning and establishing the relevance and significance of learning. This poem, written in both Spanish and English, is an example of how bilingual language can be used in learning and teaching. I chose this poem as a resource since I felt that there is a dreamy use of color in it that initiates a sense of magic. This looks appealing in learning especially to children. The purpose of this resource is to heighten the sense of sound and color among students ...

English, as a medium of communication, is possibly the native language of human interface with computers. Thus, acquiring English language skills is the second nature to computers and information technology. There was a point in time when there was no other language available for communication using computers other than English. Even today, majority of engagements with computer as a medium happens predominantly through the usage of English language, eventually making it a very reliable and perhaps an ideal tool for English language skills.
Today, technology like Google is universally available, which could translate from English to any other language ...

The debate of what exactly content-based instruction is and how it should be used has been an issue for the past three decades. Some consider the instruction to be based solely on the subject area content that is being taught in educational facilities. Others widen that scope and broaden it to include topics, whether they are academic or not, regardless as to whether or not they are based on language, as long as the issue or interest is important to the individual learner.
Focusing on the subject content area instruction, educators focus on the student learning the content. ...

Pearson, B. "Social Factors in Childhood Bilingualism in the United States." Applied Psycholinguistics (2007): 399-410. Print.
This particular source answers the research question on why (i.e. what is the purpose) people consider to become bilingual. Establishing the fact that roughly a quarter of all children in most developed countries are now bilingual, the authors suggested that there are five social factors that influence an individual, or in this case a child to become bilingual and they are: social input, language status, family language use, access to literacy, and community support and schooling. Collectively, these factors determine whether an ...

One of the most important landmarks on way of teaching – learning process of a language is the sort of achievements attained through training on approach and its consequent reflection on the classroom practice. In a teaching context, what is the usual practice determines the areas and aspects of competence that the learners are most likely to develop; to which extent or to what end – just theoretical or practical- is an entirely different issue often not explored. When in such a context training is introduced, some scope of such query and analysis is created and certain specific ways to solution is opened which ...

Autism is a behavioral disorder that affects social and communication skills of a child severely and also affects his behavior to a large extent. Experts of the area under discussion recognize autism as a condition of neural development disorder in which the system of information processing in a child’s brain is affected and he faces several behavioral disorders. Spectrum disorder is another name, used for Autism and this name has is used because symptoms of this disorder are found in a large numbers.

Studies Focus on Backward and Forward Chaining Process:

Wolery and Gast conducted a study to understand the effective process to transfer stimulus control. Authors studied about teaching autistic children and ...

In her lecture on Linguistic landscape, Elana Shohamy focuses on language and how they are often used on a public space. By researching on Linguistic Landscape, people can identify patterns of language and how they are used to depict a specific discipline. LL helps in the understanding and interpreting a society in the perspective of trans-language, globalization, exclusion, localization and language justice (Gorter 21). This talk provides for an interpretation of language in the public space in a deeper perspective. The talk describes various Linguistic Landscapes which validates the new perspective that language in the public space can be ...

Though reading for a majority of children may seem like second nature to them as they progress in classes, for some who suffer from reading disorders, it is a nightmare. This is because these children find themselves unable to master that ability of decoding words in print in an efficient manner. In a bid to cure this malady, several interventions have been undertaken amongst children. Nonetheless, of all interventions that have been undertaken over the years, phonological awareness intervention has elicited the most significant interest and attention. It is also the case that speech-language pathologists who work in preschool and work with ...

Ebonics is an African American English language that was mainly developed to unite blacks as well as communicate. This was amidst resistance from the black community that felt they were being mistreated by the whites. It was during slave trade where most black could not have a language of their own as they were shipped from different parts of Africa. Apart from the need of having a language that they could only understand and minimize on white dominance, it was also a rebellious way of criticizing the American language. As African Americans started growing in large numbers, the mistreatment towards them increased ...

Difficulties ESL Students Face When They Come to America

English as a Second Language or ESL students, study in the United States to fulfill more of their dreams. As what have mentioned, there are difficulties and challenges that ESL students are experiencing in which they need to face along with their native speakers classmates.
Yasuko Kanno and Sheila Dermer Apple Baum (1995) claim that ESL students are having an issue of raising their concerns in the classroom as they have limited vocabulary or some students may have not the awareness that they have the same right to raise their concerns (Kanno & Baum, 1995). This kind of issue is ...

Introduction

Texting is the act of crafting instant messages and short messages on mobile phones using abbreviations and other techniques. The standard body of rules in the English language, i.e. English grammar, and the usual word spellings are not always followed in texting. Texting has spread so widely throughout the world that it is now even being regarded as an emergent language some believe deserves to be registered in its own right. This is largely because of the widespread of Internet-based instant messaging (IM) and mobile phones.
For numerous years, parents have blamed texting for several ills, such as ...

Literature Review

ABSTRACT
This following literature review concerns the idea of how the adoption as well as diffusion of language translation technology looks at assisting in the identification and analysis of potential business opportunities. This aligns to use of such a type of technology in the most effective manner for society reaping the most benefit from the products created and sold. Society remains the fundamental conduit for diffusing a technologically based language translation products proving the intersection between the two requires adaptation measures for successful interaction. The literature review provides how the patent process, the information technology (IT), educations settings, and in ...

Literature ReviewName: Institution

Literature Review
The learning of a language for children is a very wanting task. However, children acquire language with relative ease as they experience various learning situations from their caregivers, siblings, and parents. In addition to this, children acquire various languages within the broad outline in accordance to a common trajectory (Ruston, & Schwanenflugel, 2010). Despite the ease of acquiring language, there are striking individual differences in the rate and timing of lexical and syntactic growth even among siblings.
The differences in the rate of acquiring language is quite significant due differences in environment. The role of parents can influence language ...

As a mode of literary criticism, structuralism gained popularity in the late 1950s when the work of Ferdinand de Saussure was translated into English. In chapter 7 Structuralist Criticism of her brilliant book Critical Theory Today: A User-Friendly Guide, Lois Tyson states that before Saussure, the changes of words through time were studied to analyze language. In fact, words were studied in a diachronic manner. Additionally, every word in some represented the object itself.
In the entire context of the chapter, as in to say, keep reading the rest of what she says, what does she mean by this?
...

Response

All language evolve over time. We no longer speak the language of Shakespeare and that is perfectly fine. I do not agree that English is becoming more corrupt. It is simply growing up and evolving as all living things do over time. Kirkpatrick talks about the powerful variety present in American English and the variation and impurity in British English. Nevertheless, let us remember that American English was initially corrupted English. Of course, things will change. As populations that speak English are becoming more and more diverse, changes in the language are unavoidable.

It is not only about ...

1) Spoken language is an absolutely integral element of learning which is often undervalued in educational settings – textbooks and written/visual stimulation are typically the preferred methods to teach students. However, spoken language has a great deal more to offer as a vehicle of learning than is typically considered for a variety of reasons. For example, the use of grammar and inflection is an important component to understanding, as words can often be divorced from their meanings. To that end, spoken language is an absolutely vital tool to teaching and learning, as complex ideas and concepts can be conveyed through the linguistic systems ...

Language Disorder occurs when a person is facing trouble in understanding others. The people facing this problem face difficulties in sharing ideas and thoughts effectively with others. Children and adults both can be subjects to this problem. The language disorder at certain times is considered as a symptom for rising medical and clinical situations.
The overall literature found on this topic is focused on certain major issues. Moreover, the literature emphasizes on the language system and the factors which influence its credibility. Several tests have been conducted, but the results which have been generated from those tests are exceedingly vague. ...

Al-Khairy in his study discusses the problems that Saudi-English Learners experince in their quest to improve their wriring skils. He aserts that the nature of the task offered to the student determines to a great extent their proficiency in writing. Al-Khairy in his discussion notes that writing is more than just possesion of knowlegde on a task as it entails the comunication of ideas. Thus if the task at hand implies a level of complexity, then there is no doubt that the student will be faced with a problem in analysing the task as well as gaining ideas that can help them communicate ...

I. Introduction
Systematic phonics instruction is a subset of educational practice that offers children a variety of tools to help ease their ability to read. Most systematic phonics instruction programs are designed to create letter-sound relationships for children, both independently and in letter combinations (Dahl, Scharer, Larson et al.). These programs are designed to help children learn how to read with greater ease, although they can be used for learners of any age. Indeed, Adams notes that phonics instruction is used heavily when teaching English as a second language, especially to adult learners who must learn how to read properly to ...

<Institution>

Abstract

In 2013, the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders (DSM-5) grouped all subcategories of autism-related disorders in one umbrella, and it is called autism spectrum disorder or ASD. Characterized by repetitive behaviors and communication and social skills deficits, many children from all around the world are afflicted with this disorder. Throughout the years since its discovery, researchers and mental health experts have been interested in completely understanding the nature, etiology, and possible treatments for ASD. Through continuous research efforts and studies, several perspectives have been established to explain the causes of ...

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on the effects of autism in early childhood development. Autism is a brain development disorder that has extremely debilitating effects on communicative and social development. Children suffering from autism exhibit different development patterns from their peers and develop at a much lower pace. They face considerable difficulties in understanding the feelings of others, as well as in interacting. These challenges can have adverse impacts on how they learn and develop. The symptoms of autism are varied and heterogeneous but involve repetitive behaviors, deficits in social relatedness and the presence of limited interests. The ...

Literature review

The question of the effect of parental involvement on the reading achievements of students has been a major concern, which has caught the attention of several researchers, both in the United States and the whole world. Several immigrant students have not been meeting the state goals in reading. This incorporated with several other factors has made several social and education scientists and professionals to treat the problem with much attention as to the involvement of their parents in their reading and their concerns on the improvements of their kids.
There are several research studies on parental involvement in their ...

Literature review

The relationship established between the teachers and the students in of paramount importance in the success of any learning institution (Mujis & Reynold, 2010). The teacher plays a significant role in the establishment of this productive working environment that will make the students perform in the best way. Mujis and Reynold say that efficient management of a classroom entails proper discipline, sufficient motivation of students and class preparedness among others. They say that the success of any teacher is dependent on classroom training, organization and management as they help in planning hence preventing potential problems. Strategies on arranging physical space, using good ...

Any language has different elements that are unique to it. Whereas language elements of one language may hold sound relevance to the elements of another, the interaction and relationships are subject to historical interaction of the languages in question. Phonology is one of the language elements that possess a significant aptitude to discern language interactions. Phonology refers to the branch of study of languages dealing with systematic organization of sounds. Traditionally, phonology focussed on the study of systems of phonemes in specific languages. The study has evolved to include other features of linguistic analysis like articulatory features, onset, articulatory gestures, ...

Introduction

Religion is an organized collection of cultural systems, belief systems and world views that relate humanity to spirituality and at times moral values. Religions are characterised by symbols, traditions, narratives, sacred places, people, beings that are intended to explain the origin of life, meaning of life and the universe. Religions have over the years helped define human nature and the known and the unknown world. They have also defined and set standards on ethics, morality and general human lifestyle.
It is estimated that there are about 4,200 religions in the world. The most dominant religions in the ...

Literature Review

Introduction
Since WWII, Japan has grown to become an economic powerhouse in the world, leading to a boom in foreign business investment. For Australia, Japan is a strategic business partner, with a partnership that has, and continues to evolve over fifty years. Japan has a population of about 127 million people, and its market is made up companies with firm global orientations and willingness to invest in long-term sustainable services and products, and consumers who have high disposable income levels. Therefore, doing business with and in Japan offers many benefits for Australian companies and organizations. However, a number of cultural challenges might cause ...

Rhetorical and literary strategies the author uses to achieve her purpose

In "The Ways We Lie,” Stephanie Ericson tells about the different ways people lie and further explains the reasons for lying. The story explains the different kinds of lies told daily by most people, and the justification for these lies. In achieving this, she perfectly uses rhetorical and literary strategies as described hereunder.

Organization:

The article (editorial) begins as a narrative and revolves around a simple and factual generalization that human beings are liars. The author speaks directly to the reader and incorporates the reader in the story through the use of “we”. She then takes the reader through a journey of self-realization. ...

The Outline

Introduction
The title, the author of the poem
Introduction to the poem
Thesis: In the poem, Mary Oliver presents a conflict between sentimental and practical and employs the literary and figurative languages to contribute to the central idea of keeping the family traditions.

The use of the literary language to present the logical and practical reasons

The use of the figurative language to depict the sentimental reasons
The contrasting images in the poem
Conclusion
“The Black Walnut Tree” is a short poem of thirty-five lines by Mary Oliver, written in free verse. The poem is included in the collection called “Twelve Moons” that suggests Oliver’s searches for connections. The author continually ...

Thesis Statement: Analysis of the theory of autopoiesis and social constructionism with respect to character and family through the reviews of two articles.

The inception of Psychology was not just aimed at studying the psychological stipulation and behaviour of a being it was envisaged that psychology would help in understanding the human mind better which would further help in improving the quality of life; be it through reading a criminal mind or strengthening the bond between life-partners. Certain aspects of psychology play a crucial role in determining the factors which affect individuals, their personalities, personal thoughts and family lives. This essay deals ...

"The Gentlemen from Cracow" - Analysis

The allegorical short story "The Gentlemen from Cracow" is a very well-known and important piece of Yiddish folklore; a short story in which the poor villagers of the Polish town of Frampol attempt to deal with their own poverty in very interesting ways. When a drought is followed by a hailstorm, then locusts and other supernatural happenstances, the titular gentlemen arrives to offer these villagers a solution. The story itself is a treatise on conspicuous consumption, especially as it befalls a society that is unused to it. Attempting to transform this simple village into a haven for consumerism has disastrous consequences ...

Introduction

Young adults of today spend more time “accessing digital-media information than information from traditional printed texts” (Hsu & Wang, 2011, p. 68), which contributes to their negative reading achievement. As such, it is important to determine how online literacies and new media affect the reading skills of students in higher education.

Educational technology has been in use throughout history, going back to as early as when sign writing was used for capturing and transmitting knowledge (Ellison & Wu, 2008). Computer technology, in particular, began to be used in the classroom setting in the 1930s when teachers used audiovisual tools ...

The Effect of Social Status and Gender on Realization of Refusal of Suggestion among Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners

The dependence associated with both practical and discovered strategies about the refusal of proposal among people sharing distinct social status and gender have been an issue of concern to many researchers. Therefore, research was carried out among the Iranian intermediate level students to understand the strategies used and their application, based on gender and social status. The paper covers an article review on the above issue. The report for reconsideration bears the title” The Effect of Social Status and Gender on Realization of Refusal of Suggestion among Iranian EFL Intermediate Learners”.
The primary theme and idea of the research ...

The national ethos of Americans everywhere is no better represented than by the ever-present, American Dream that has captivated a worldwide imagination since its inception along with the beginning of the Unites States’ existence as a country. For many years, the American Dream has described a world of opportunity in which people of varying cultures and backgrounds enjoy equality in their pursuit of richer, fuller lives. It was this dream that brought the first immigrants to America in the first place, and it was again this dream that gave them the necessary impetus to stay and to improve the conditions of their ...

The aim of this essay is to present you with research findings on the effect of technology on children as far as their way of thinking and behaving are concerned. Each era is characterized by specific traits one of which is to be proven as the most dominating of all giving the main beating characteristic of each historical period. Nowadays era is the one characterized as the most rapid, technologically advanced period of time in humans’ history. The effects of technological and scientific progress are numerous and as expected they affect all fields of life. But young people are ...

The purpose of the proposed study is to look into the issues concerning communication that arise due to the increasing use of mobile phones in society. communication among children, specifically the role of mobile technology in threatening to change the future generation’s patterns of communication. The prevalent use of mobile phones among children presents positive but also negative influences on this population. The continuous development of technology is a potential threat on disrupting and changing communication patterns in our interconnected world.

Refined Literature Review

The information technology revolution and an extraordinary increase in knowledge have led to the development of a new era ...

Literature Review

Takakusu (2006) looks at the family unit in the article The Social and Ethical Value of the Family System in Japan. In doing this, comparisons are drawn with the west. According to Takakusu (2006), while in Western societies the individual forms the unit of the society, in Japan; it is the family that is the unit of the society. According to Varley (2000), the Japan’s family system ensures mutual cooperation on the part of those people who are related by family ties. For example, parents assist their children and children assist their parents. An example provided by Takakusu ...

Autism spectrum disorders, abbreviated ASDs refer to a group of disabilities that occur during development causing a significant communication, social and behavioral challenges. People suffering from ASDs manage information in the brain in a different way than how other people manage the information (Lord, Cook, Leventhal, & Amaral, 2000). The ASDs are classified into three different types of autistic disorder, Asperger syndrome and pervasive development disorder.
The autistic disorder is the most common and most people relate the word autism with this disorder. People having the disorder in most cases have delays in language, communication and social challenges as well as unusual ...

The year of 1066 is one of the crucial points in the history of England that is why it so often becomes the subject of historic discussions and debates. Numerous books dedicated to this period do not stop to be published. Some historians prefer to concentrate on the Battle of Hastings, some discuss the impact which the Norman invasion had on the native population and some of them talk about the leaders of the warring parties. It seldom occurs however that an author concentrates on personalities of the participants of historical events, trying to present them as the men ...

Introduction

Based on my reading of the assignment, I selected a ballad poem ‘La belle dame sans merci,’ written by John Keats who is one of the most sensuous poets amidst the romantics. A ballad is a narrative or a lyrical poem which talks about the supernatural, mythology, legends or documents tribal wars and oral lore. In this poem, Keats has been faithful to a narrative ballad where the supernatural elements and the characters are in place. The romantic element along with mystery and intrigue adds to the atmosphere of anticipation and a haunting quality. This poem, on the one hand, has elements of multiple ...

The portrait of black urban life that emerges from the poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks is a very mixed one. On the one hand, she uses colloquial language to describe the lives and destinies of black youth in urban areas, although she also mixes very informal language with highly ornate expression as if to show how barren their lives are. Elsewhere she presents a largely pessimistic view of the black experience of urban life, but manages, at the same time, to demonstrate signs of hope.

In “We Real Cool” she uses the language of young black men to comment on their self-centredness ...

Behaviourism is an approach in the field of psychology that has been designed to combine theory, philosophy and methodology. It is based on the proposition that understanding the science of behaviour is possible. Generally, understanding the approach on behaviourism explains the core issues in behaviour analysis and its applicability to human problems in the society in a scholarly but accessible manner. The major contributor on the theory of behaviourism is the renowned psychologist John Watson. He defined behavioural psychology to being the theory of learning that is based on the notion that all behaviours of an individual are usually acquired ...