Ethanol Reports Samples For Students

Abstract. Oxidation of ethanol is carried out by the oxidizing agent, potassium dichromate. The oxidizing agent undergoes a color change followed by the completion of the reaction. This change of color is utilized to measure the absorbance of the solution. The concentration of the unknown ethanol sample is calculated by plotting an absorbance vs concentration graph of the standard solutions.

Module and group

Lab class completed
- Introduction
The aim of the experiment is to determine the concentration of ethanol by calorimetric determination method. The concentration of ethanol is measured following its oxidation with potassium dichromate. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) undergoes reduction, ...

Lab Report: Ethanol Determination Experiment

Objective: “To Determine the Ethanol content in several beverages using the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase.”

The Chemistry behind this experiment is simple enough to understand. In the reaction carried out in the experiment, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is formed which can be analyzed quantitatively to find the concentration of Ethanol. The reaction involves oxidation of Ethanol to Acetaldehyde. This oxidation takes place with concomitant reduction of NAD+ to NADH. This formation of NADH can be seen in the Δ absorption at 340 nm micro level. At this wavelength, the reduced co enzyme absorbs at a very fast rate than the oxidized one, ...

Following the story of the use of ethanol to provide warmth in cold environments, this paper presents research on the effect the consumption of ethanol has on an individual’s body temperature. Firstly, the distribution of heat in the body is done by the blood. Through the vasodilatation and vasoconstriction of blood vessels, the body loses and retains head respectively. Given that ethanol enters the bloodstream directly upon consumption, its effects are almost immediate. Its presence in the blood causes the widening of blood vessels due to its vasodilation effect (Eston & Reily, 2013).
This results in an increase ...

Introduction

All cells carry out cellular respiration in order to meet their energy requirements and to form metabolic intermediates that can be used to form secondary products. Amongst those products formed as a consequence of cellular respiration, are ATP and CO2. The formation of ATP in the cells occurs through the use of organic molecules available in the form of food (Lehninger, Nelson, & Cox, 2008). When oxygen is not available, ATP formation goes through a fermentation process, usually, referred to as alcoholic fermentation. The process utilizes a number of different sugars as the starting material. These sugars include fructose, glucose, and sucrose. The ...

Introduction

Esterification reactions refer to those processes between carboxylic acids and alcohols reacting together to produce esters (Smith, 2011). Ethyl ethanoate also referred to as ethyl acetate is one of the esters and is prepared through a reversible reaction between an alcohol and an acid. The process results in the production of an ester and water. The catalyst used in the reaction is sulfuric acid, which also works to remove water that is produced and thus to increase the yield of ester produced. The preparation of esters through this method is a good introduction of how equilibrium manipulation may help in increasing ...

Abstract

The purpose for this experiment was to explore the properties of Strawberry DNA. It was hypothesized that the DNA of a strawberry is red in color and soluble in ethanol. A Strawberry was placed in a self-sealing Zip Lock freezer bag from which air was removed. The bagged strawberry was mashed gently and 10 ml of extraction buffer was added. After further mashing of the bagged strawberry, the content of the bag was removed and filtered through cheesecloth into a test tube before adding alcohol. White clouds that resemble threads were seen floating on the surface of alcohol. These were the DNA. ...

Chemical equilibrium refers to the condition that occurs when the both the concentration of the reactant and product in a chemical reaction have not net change over time (Helmenstine). There are many chemical reactions that do not go on to completion. These reactions go on until equilibrium is attained. However, the system at this point is not static but dynamic with the forward and the reverse reactions still in progress. Equilibrium reactions are very common throughout chemistry, and most of the biochemical processes taking place in life involve equilibria.
One useful feature of an equilibrium reaction is the fact ...

Purpose

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare soap through the saponification process and use it to test water hardness.
Procedure
The saponification process began by placing approximately 5 grams of lard in a beaker. 15 mL of sodium Hydroxide (6 M) was slowly and carefully added followed by an addition of 25 mL of ethanol. After adding ethanol, the beaker was heated while stirring until the base fully reacted with the lard. The result was a clear and homogenous solution. After cooling the solution, 20 mL of water was added. The next step involved the preparation of saturated ...

Introduction

Heat of vaporization and vapor pressure are the two essential properties of a liquid in thermodynamics. The vapor pressure of a substance is the measure of the tendency of its molecules escaping (Blauch). The heat of vaporization is defined as the amount of the attractive energy that exists between molecules in the liquid and has to be overcome in order for the molecules enter the vapor phase. When a liquid sample is put into a container, there is the tendency for the liquid to evaporate. Liquid molecules escape from their state into the gaseous state. When the liquid is put in a closed container, ...

Abstract

Handwashing is an important process in controlling microorganism transmission and infectious diseases. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of different antibacterial hand cleaners (soap, alcohol hand sanitizer and ethanol soaked wipes) on killing bacteria. Hands were sampled without cleaning with antibacterial hand cleaner (control), and after cleaning with antibacterial soap, alcohol sanitizer, and ethanol soaked wipes. Samples were taken with a sterile cotton swab and inoculated on agar plates. Each experiment was done three times. Colonies were counted, mean values and standard deviation were calculated, and data was reported. Alcohol and sanitizer and ethanol soaked ...

Market Audit Report for E-cofueling
Executive Summary
E-cofueling company produces ‘clean’ fuel that has very minimal carbon emissions to the environment. It uses plant remains to produce ethanol which acts as an alternative source of fuel. The purpose of this report is to conduct a marketing audit report for the E-CoFueling Company. The report is detailed and will cover the background of the company, PESTEL analysis, SWOT analysis, and environmental analysis (both internal and external). The report will also cover customer analysis, competitor analysis and the stakeholder analysis of the firm so as to establish the factors that ...

Executive Summary

E-co fueling company is the first company that started producing ethanol fuel in Australia. The fuel has been found helpful in reducing carbon emission in vehicles to a minimal level thus keep the environment clean. The objective of this report is to formulate marketing and action plan for the company. The report discusses four marketing Ps: product, promotion, pricing and place. Since the product is new to the Australian market hence the emphasis will be given to generate awareness about the product and also on promotion of the product. Other components of the plan like budgeting, time lines, associated risk ...

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution to yield 4-Bromoacetanilide

Introduction
Halogenation is a common process in organic synthesis. It is used in industrial and research synthesis as halogenated compounds are used for numerous widely used goods, including plastics. The lab aimed to perform monohalogenation of acetanilide. The reaction is specific since it is performed without catalyst. The typical halogenation is realized in presence of Lewis acid. Halogens molecules are electrophilic, and do not actively react. In presence of Lewis acid, the interaction is rather active.2
The lab used catalyst-free halogenation. The acetanilide molecule contains the acylated amine. As a result, the electronic density is shifted towards the amine ...

Analysis of Culture Cell KU812F with Three Protocols

Abstract
Protein analysis for cancer cell research has been found to be extremely reliable. The culture cell KU812F (chronicle myeloid leukemia cell line) was used for this laboratory. Globin gene switching was observed by evaluating the gene expression in the cells. Gene expression and protein folding were provoked. Gene expression is the process of transcribing DNA to cDNA and then used qPCR to study gene expression. cDNA was translated into mRNA which in turn is translated into a protein. mRNA concentration was analyzed. The three protocols were Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), Enzyme-Linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA), and ...

Waste Management

Introduction
Dealing with waste has become an increasing concern nowadays, since it affects people’s life quality by impacting the health, it affects the aesthetics, it jeopardizes the ecosystems and in general, it negatively impacts the environmental sustainability. Domestic waste (generated by individuals) and commercial and industrial waste represent a quotidian aspect that authorities are aiming to handle, either through applying laws and guidelines for maintaining healthy and clean cities and villages, either by applying various technologies for actually managing the waste disposals. And the processes and technologies used to manage the various types of waste differ depending on ...

ABSTRACT:

A plasmid DNA is an extra-small circular structure commonly found in bacteria which is capable of replicating by itself in the cell. These are used in genetic engineering as vehicles to carry and make copies of a particular gene which can produce desirable effect. In this report, we discuss the isolation and purification of DNA fromEGFP-LC3 plasmidusing a modified alkaline lysis method and QIAprep spin columns. The concentration of the isolated EGFP-LC3 plasmid DNA was found to be 82.868µg/ml. The ratio of ODs taken at A260nm/A280nm was found to be 5.314 which could be because improper washing step which has ...

Resource-Based View Analysis

Physical analysis
Husky Energy Inc. is omong one of Canada's biggest incorporated vitality organizations, headquartered in Calgary, Alberta. It is merchandized on an open market on the Toronto Stock Exchange under the images HSE and Hse.pr.a. The Company works in Western and Atlantic Canada, the United States and the Asia Pacific Region, with Upstream and Downstream business sections. Husky Energy is controlled by Hong Kong elite rich person Li Ka-Shing who possesses a larger part imparts of more or less 70% as per Bloomberg and Financial Post information. Husky's establishment is in Heavy Oil and Western Canada, where it ...

of HT22 Cells derived from Mouse Hippocampus

Sections I and II

Biology
Section I
1. Introduction
Fluorescent protein development research has gained increased knowledge about the range in the color palette available from the Aequorea Victoria jellyfish. The wavelength emissions in the blue to yellow range are now better understood. [1] Another area that has seen a great improvement in knowledge is the understanding of emissions of the monomeric fluorescent protein emissions in the orange to far-red spectral region. [1] The spectral region of fluorescent in the orange to far-red is derived appropriate reef coral species. [1] This area of research ...

Introduction

The most widely used model when investigating the breast cancer is T47D cell lines. These cell lines are easily spread, easily manipulated genetically and when used in the experiment, it provides good results. They have been used to examine new therapies and the and the breast cancer pathobiology1.
Over many years HER2 has 25% - 30% of human breast cancers have been caused by gene amplification. The monoclonal HER2 and the EGFR are the two HER2-targeted therapies that are used for approval in the most clinics. During growth, HER2 is used to regulate the cell growth and assist ...

Abstract

The experiment conducted is a palladium catalyzed coupling of a terminal alkyne to 4-Iodonitrobenzene. 1.25 mL of 95% ethanol was added along with 93mg of 4-Iodonitrobenzene, 80mg piperazine hexahydrate and 4 mg CuI, in a 5mL clean and dry conical vial plus spinvane. 80 µL (density 0.898 g/mL) of tetrahydro-2-(2-propynyloxy)-2H-pyran was added to the solution through an automatic pipette. To this add 3 mg of Pd(OAc)2, refluxed and stirred under a water cooled condenser for half an hour until it turned dark brown. The reaction mixture was then poured into a clean and dry evaporating dish and heated gently with a ...

Introduction

The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of a solute on the freezing point of a solvent. When a solute is added to a pure solvent, the freezing point of the solvent is lowered as compared to its pure form. This decrease in freezing point of the solvent is known as “Freezing Point Depression”. A similar phenomenon occurs in the boiling of such solvents, but instead of decreasing, the boiling point is increased due to the addition of the solute. This phenomenon is known as “Boiling Point Elevation”. Such phenomena, including others, are known as colligative ...

Article Review

In this paper, I review the article Fundamentals of Beer and Hop Chemistry, authored by Keukeliere, D. (2010).
In his article, Keukeliere (2010) begins by indicating that beer, an aqueous fermented drink, is based on starch, but flavored by hops. Keukelier (2010) notes that, barley, and most specifically barley malt, is the main body of beer. In order to produce one liter of beer, a few hundred grams of barley malt are needed. However, Keukeliere (2010) indicates that in the absence of barley malt, starch-rich adjuncts such as wheat, corn or rice can be used.
Keukeliere (2010) notifies ...

Introduction

Baker's yeast is the ordinary term known of certain generic classes of yeast normally utilized as a baking agent in bread and bakery commodities production, wherein it translates the fermentable glucose and sucrose otherwise found in dough into two products that are carbon dioxide and ethanol. Scientifically, this yeast is categorized under species Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sonnleitner, 2006). This is the same species frequently employed in the fermentation of alcohol hence the tag brewer's yeast is also accorded to it. In this experiment, we attempted to produce yeast through the process of fermentation (Kristiansen, 2004). The fermentation process is powerfully aimed ...

Abstract

In this experiment, benzene was treated with hydrogen in the presence of Pt/SiO2 as an example that can be applied on industrial operations to show that the most recently modernized methods of neutron total scattering that cover a wide Q-range allow the use of appropriate catalytic chemistry that can be measured on time domain to probe directly on site the hydrogenation of benzene within the catalyst pore. Based on this method, it is possible to study the rates of reaction on length scales that can provide measurements equivalent to the size of an atom or a nanometre. Furthermore, the ...

Abstract

This experiment involved alkene preparation by alcohol dehydration (water elimination) in the presence of an acid catalyst. Elimination, combination, rearrangement and substitution are the basic types of chemical reactions known in organic chemistry. Alcohol dehydration is an important transformation that leads to the yield of alkene and it is an example of an elimination reaction. Dehydration is a process that involves the elimination reaction of an alcohol. There is a loss of H from one carbon and OH from adjacent carbon, hence, resulting in a water molecule removal that results in the formation of alkyne or alkene. When an alcohol loses its ...

The research article entitled “Determination of volatile compounds in different hop varieties by headspace-trap GC/MS -In comparison with conventional hop essential oil analysis” is authored by Anita Aberl and Mehmet Coelhan of the Research Center for Brewing and Food Quality, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. This article appeared in the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry” of ACS publications in the year 2012 and attempted to compare the efficiency and accuracy of Head Space (HS)-trap method coupled with GC/MS and conventional essential oil analysis method.
Humulus lupulus L., commonly known as hop is responsible for the bitter flavor and ‘hoppy’ ...

Report on Vinyl Chloride

Report on Vinyl Chloride
The case involves a man who went into a polymerization tanks measuring 8 feet in high and 5 feet wide. The man went into the tank alone at night, and there was no light in the pit. After 20 minutes, the man did not return, and somebody went to check him. The man was found lying in the pit. The person who was looking for the man climbed in order to get the man out, but the person was overwhelmed by the gas. The person immediately shut the open valve feeling dizzy. The person dragged himself ...

Introduction

Fermentation process refers to the conversion of sugars such as glucose to alcohol, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP (Kale and Gokhale). Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and converts substrates such as glucose into products such as acetate or lactic acid. During fermentation, there is no oxidation phosphorylation and thus the amount of ATP that is produced is low (Pigage, Neilsen and Greeder). One specific example of fermentation is lactic acid fermentation, which is the simplest form of fermentation. In the presence of oxygen in the cells, most organisms bypass fermentation to undergo cellular ...