Essays on Antiquity

Introduction

Architecture as a discipline has evolved over time, with architects from different periods adopting unique approaches to architecture. In the 1950’s, the architectural world saw the introduction of the theory of the postmodern architecture . This came hot on the heels of the famous modernist approach to architecture, which had the support of various classical scholars and architects. The primary argument in this paper is the fact that the post-modernist approach to architecture was a representation of the effort by architecture to establish a voice of its own. This is built on the realization that architecture is a dynamic ...

The Pantheon

Moore, David. "The Pantheon." Roman Concrete. (1995). Web 26 June 2016. The Pantheon impresses with its size but it looks peaceful inside it. Solid wall round the perimeter has many niches. The idea of the Pantheon is in harmony with the surrounding world. The height of the building is equal to the diameter of the rotunda. People enter the temple through the lobby, which goes into a portico with 16 columns. Each column looks very massive. Their main parts are made of Egyptian red granite, and base and capitals - from Greek marble. Despite the impressive size of the ...

Sarcophagus with the triumph of Dionysos is one of the most important specimens of the sculptural art of the Roman era. There are many other unique items of the Late Antiquity, which were dedicated to Dionysus; however, the sarcophagi represent a particular elegance and high quality. In 1972, the sarcophagus was bought out and is now exhibited at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. It was made of marble in AD 190– 210 in the Roman Empire (Hägele, 2013, p. 107). In addition, it has a large size: 77.5 x 208cm (Hägele, 2013, p. 107). Most likely ...

There is a wide accepted concept that after centuries of development, the Muslim world began to decline in the 15th century. Did it really decline? In this work I would like to illustrate the main trends of developments of the Muslim world in early 15 – early 20 century. We know that in part of the second millennium, and for five centuries later there were many Asian invasions in other regions of the world, wide expansion (Seljuk, Arab, Turkish). But then the stagnation began. Since the "golden age" of the Abbasid Empire, it has not changed territorially. And large areas ...

Introduction

Prostitution refers to the act of engaging in sexual activities for material benefit, which may include financial rewards and favours (Bluestone 1). Individuals who engage in prostitution are widely referred to as commercial sex workers, although there are derogatory names given to both men and women who participate in this trade. Depending on the jurisdiction, prostitution may, or may not, be regulated (McGinn 351). In most jurisdictions, prostitution is permissible but unregulated. However, other countries regard it as a crime, and the involved parties are often prosecuted (Kempadoo, Sanghera, and Pattanaik 50). There are different types of prostitutes, who ...

Introduction

Myths and legends played a vital role in the progression of culture of the great civilizations of in the ancient world. In today’s ideological contemporaries, the role of myths to a specific culture fascinated scholars for ages and several theoretical approaches were attributed to understanding the context of myths. In this discussion Eastern mythology will be explored specifically the myth of the creation of the universe and Japan. Exploring the mythological context of creation employs the feminist and anthropological theoretical underpinnings. In addition, referencing other literatures to explain how the Japanese society makes use of the myth, its ...

Classical English literature studies

Comedy – a professional entertainment consisting of jokes and satirical sketches, intended to make an audience laugh. Late Middle English (as a genre of drama, also denoting a narrative poem with a happy ending, as in Dante’s Divine Comedy): from Old French comedie, via Latin from Greek kōmōidia, from kōmōidos 'comic poet', from kōmos 'revel' + aoidos 'singer'. ("Comedy: Definition Of Comedy in Oxford Dictionary (American English)"). Aristotle defines comedy as an imitation of men, who is worse than the average, but not in their perversities, but in hilarious sense. Comedy, as a genre ...

Introduction:

general overview of the research project; outlining of the main objectives of the work.

Project 1: Theoretical part.

Examination of Aristotle’s theory of tragedy, represented in his treatise “Poetics”; outlining the main points delivered by the authors; giving definitions to the philosophical concepts of Aristotle’s theory explaining their essence in artistic context.

Project 2: Practical Part.

Matching the main principles of tragedy to the play written by the great Shakespeare; analyzing the congruence of the tragedy principles delivered by the philosopher of the Antiquity to the tragedy produced be the Medieval playwright; the researches own speculation about the concept of tragedy its main features in ...

Augustine of Hippo and His View of Election As Regards Salvation

Biography Augustine of Hippo, or more popularly known as St. Augustine, was the child of St. Monica. However, despite a religious upbringing, Augustine spent most of his young life in blasphemous beliefs and immoral lifestyle. Although he was a remarkably intelligent person and had been indoctrinated to the Christian faith early in life, his sins of wickedness and his self-glorification corrupted his thoughts too much, that he became completely blind to the Divine Truth. Augustine's mother, Monica, was a devout Christian, while his father supported paganism for most of his life, merely converting to Christianity prior to his death. ...

Stage One: Initial Settlement and Growth

Siu Hoi Wan is located in the southern part of Canton, and has been populated by Cantonese-speaking Han people known as the Hakka since this time. Initially settled in 206 BC during the Qin Dynasty, the area has been occupied since (Van Dyke). The Hakka found Siu Hoi Wan, or “little bay,” to be largely protected from the worst of the typhoons that annually strike the southern regions of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Because of the historical infighting that existed between the different city-states, the people of Siu Hoi Wan found the area to be particularly helpful in ...

Introduction

Before the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment, though, the field of inquiry was completely different than it would be afterward. There was only one religious establishment during that time period, and that establishment had the power of eternal fear over everyone and everything. The fact that the Roman Catholic Church had the power to ban someone not just from church but from any chance of salvation radically altered the calculus of anyone interested in pursuing any sort of intellectual endeavor. Remember, this is the same institution that sought to excommunicate Galileo and Copernicus because of their claims that the ...

Introduction

The paper will examine Germany’s culture and include various different aspects of the overall countries circumstances. One of the economically most successful European countries will be presented through the aspects of political makeup and background of the political system, the most important holidays and celebrations, their religion, art and architecture, the country’s customs and practices and their cultural contributions to a global society. One of the most successful countries in the world has a specific culture, customs and practices in which the diverse art and architectural designs can be found from different periods in history.

Political system in Germany

The Federal ...

Ge Hong’s seminal fourth-century work Baopuzi is a fundamentally important work for understanding Chinese late-antiquity religion and its practices. Chief among the concerns of the Baopuzi is the achievement of immortality and the cultivation of the self, which Ge Hong explores in excruciating detail to demonstrate the distinctions between what is of earth and what is of heaven. Along the way, Hong also showcases his immense fealty to, and support of, Confucian ideals of cultivating the self through study and political action within the Baopuzi. As a result, Ge Hong’s Baopuzi focuses on ways to fix the ...

1. In Roman paintings, the dangerous wife challenges gender norms, according to which, the woman in the family is the upholder of morality, and subject to the will of her husband. In the murals found in the House of Jason (Bergmann “Pregnant”), gender roles are both reinforced and challenged, by the choice of subjects. Adultery, like incest and infanticide, as represented by Helen, Phaedra and Medea, destroy the sanctity of blood relations and threatens patriarchy. Their actions contradict the expectations that women are nurturing, loyal and virtuous However, the stories punish these women with exile or death, reflecting the ...

1. a.) Visigoths: was a Germanic tribe western branch of a Goths. b.) Significance: in 377Visigothshave lifted revolt against the Romans and got a permission to settle down on the Balkan Peninsula. Made attacks on Constantinople and Italy, in 410 invaded and sacked Rome. Visigoths founded the first barbarous kingdom in the territory of the Roman Empire. 2. a.) “DarkAges”: is a term introduced by the Francesco Petrarch to refer the period of European history since the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the Renaissance. b.) Significance: Great Migration - from the periphery to the center of ...

“Bismarckian Strategic Policy, 1871-1890,” in Williamson Murray and Richard Hart Sinnreich, eds. Successful Strategies: Triumphing in War and Peace from Antiquity to the Present (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014), 214-240. In this essay, I will argue the legacy and the leadership qualities of Otto Von Bismarck, the German ruler who was an influential and successful statesman in the modern nation-state system era. In the watch of Otto Von Bismarck, the Prussia expanded in the power and influence. He was also involved in the creation of Germany through a series of sharp and limited battles but the country remained ...

One of the widely discussed topics in the classic literature is hospitality. It found a deep reflection and great importance in the Homer's Odyssey. The rituals of modern hospitality go deeply into ancient traditions. They shaped relationship between host and guest, which had been expressed preliminary in non-material benefit as shelter and protection, food and support, as well as gifts. From modern perspective, this is one of the key cross-cutting themes of the Odyssey as the book, which tells about a long journey and a return. The essay discusses specific examples of such relationships, both good and bad, and ...

Abstract

With the new medium of photography, it was possible to get a glimpse of the past and familiar with the far off places and distant locations. Photography allowed a more immediate connection to connection to people and places departed by geographical distance and time. The essay discusses the 19th century travel photography and the medium and techniques used by the photographers of those times. What motivated those photographers to work, where they were from and what lands did thy travel, the paper takes examples from their works, discussing the key characteristics and how those photographs became a powerful medium ...

Jesus Christ is, regardless of what one believes about his divinity, undoubtedly one of the most important historical figures in human history. His legacy today is indicated by the 34,000 different denominations and sects of Christianity comprising 2.4 billion Christians—a full third of the world’s population (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, n.p.). But in order to fully appreciate what it means to follow Jesus, one has to look at the world in which he preached, and the state of his following by the end of the first millennium. Jesus’s teachings had unique features that stood ...

Analysis of Symbiosis of Mythology and History in the Movie Troy (2004) Precisely, Classical Ancient Literature has long been a research subject of many scientific fields. Many believe that Antiquity is the standard of human being, as many of the most famous works of art, philosophies, and world religions appeared at that time. Today, there are many different interpretations of classical mythology in the world. Most of the films, which are based on themes of mythology, have a close relationship with the ancient history. For example, a film can be shot on the basis of the myths' main ideas, ...

The matter of euthanasia continues to be one of the most controversial questions all over the world. During many years, people argue about different facts that can either support euthanasia or forbid it. Some people will say that euthanasia is an inhuman way of “taking care” of a person who suffers. But, let’s look at the etymology of this word. According to Josef Kuře’s study we found following definition: Euthanasia is a Greek word that consists of a prefix ‘eu’ which has a meaning ‘good’ and a word ‘thanatos’ which means ‘death’. So far as adverbs ...

Introduction

The commencement and ending of Homer’s epic poem the Iliad depict a rational existence of humans before and after the interference of the immortal beings respectively. The middle passages are different as they present a palpable yet gradual build up of human emotions that warrant an alliance with the gods and goddesses in the text. In turn, a paradox emerges in the depiction of the relationships between the mortals and the immortals in the Homeric poem: the gods are necessary for Homer’s presentation of the humans, but they are also to blame for the unstable attitudes and ...

Sociological Analysis:

Most of the written works on gender roles and sexuality during the Greco-Roman period largely categorizes gender in two-- female or male. Likewise, society was segregated into two major sections-- the private domain and the public domain. Men usually dominate the public domain, whereas women largely dominate the private domain. During the ancient period, in the Greco-Roman world, women were banned from important public positions and activities. Even though women progressively acquired social entitlement and a greater degree of autonomy under private law, their position in public law is still seriously limited (Holmes 2012). However, in some ways, women ...

In 19th century, the world population reached 1,000 million people; in the middle eve, there were around 450 million people and in antiquity, records show that around 5 million people inhabited the Earth (Haub, 2011). Nowadays, there are over 7 billion inhabitants who share the same natural resources that our ancestors did hundreds or thousands years before us (Worldometer “Current World Population”). Imagine that the same renewable raw materials that we are using today in common with other 7 billion people, were used for accommodating the needs of 1000 million people just 200 years ago. Mathematically speaking, from ...

Since ancient times, thanks to the social needs a person had to distinguish and take into account individual psychological characteristics of people. Even then, people began to think about the existence of a spiritual principle, which has guided their behavior. Psychology, as a special scientific discipline, was born in the depths of philosophy, and so the psychological "dimension" of identity is very difficult to identify and explore not focusing on the philosophical doctrine of man, the specifics of its existence (individual and public), about the nature of human consciousness and activity. The formation of psychology as a science has ...

Introduction

The golden age of Italian culture, art and architecture is considered to be the Renaissance. Unlike many European countries, the Italians did not perceive Gothic, as a cultural and architectural style. Renaissance began from the classical Italian style. Renaissance is the era of great achievements and discoveries - in this era, many artists, writers and architects hoped to get public recognition and believed in the beauty of art. Artists began to write portraits of famous people, sculptors began to create sculptures of gods, in many ways the basic idea of ​​the Renaissance turned restore antique style.

Body

In this ...

The society develops, progresses in all spheres of activity, however, at the same time, produces certain behaviors and related stereotypes, corresponding to a popular worldview. Gender relations during each cultural epoch formed an appropriate worldview, producing and perpetuating gender stereotypes, using feminine and masculine personality characteristics. So, antiquity formed a patriarchal worldview, which is still relevant to the present day, however, the democratic tendencies in the modern society have led to the emergence of gender studies, which help the society to overcome certain gender conventions and stereotypes that prevalent in the minds of the society for centuries. Therefore antiquity is an ...

Ancient Rome was one of the greatest country and empire that have been ever existed in the history. Started as the small village in Italy it became the biggest and most powerful Empire of antiquity. Borders of the Roman Empire stretching from the deserts of Africa on the South to the Northern England and from Spain on the West to Euphrates on the East. However, it would be all impossible without Roman army, which conquered dozens of nations and brought a glory to Rome. Roman army was in war campaigns all the time. Thus, it was the most experienced army ...

Italian Renaissance in the 15th Century: Funeral Monument of John XXIII by Donatello

Italian renaissance marks a period of rebirth and renewal in the interest of culture. This period was after the dark ages and lasted from the 14th to the 15th Century (Gardener et al. 14). During this period, Donatello was one of the best skilled artists. Donatello was an Italian sculptor (1386-1466) (Gardener et al. 14). Donatello designs the funeral monument to the anti-pope John XXIII and positions it between two columns inside the baptistery. The style of the work is classical antiquity and reflects the grandest Italian tomb in the medieval times. Donatello retains considerable elements of classical antiquity. The ...

The High Renaissance is the classical period of the artistic Renaissance culture. At this time, the center of Italian art moved from Florence to Rome. There are numerous monumental buildings, sculptures, frescoes and paintings created in this period. Antiquity now being studied more thoroughly and is reproduced more strictly and consistently. Artists with greater ingenuity and imagination are reassessing and transforming all that is considered appropriate to borrow in from the Greco-Roman art. This period is associated primarily with the names of three brilliant artists of the Renaissance: Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, as well as with ...

The treatise "Sun Tzu", the authorship of which, according to general belief, belongs to the famous military commander Sun Wu, has long been revered in China as the chief military canon. The title of "canonical" means, among other things, that the book is intended for not easy and superficial reading, but slow and in-depth, for memorization, almost soaking it in oneself to the last word. For "canon" in China - as in every cultural tradition - it is ultimately nothing else than a literary image of the infinite diversity of the creative abundance of life itself. It does not contain ...

There have been major composers over the last few centuries. These have been from periods such as the Baroque, the Classical, the Romantic, and those of the 20th century. During these periods there were composers who set themselves apart through the creation of truly inspiring or memorable work that pushed the limits and the restrictions of their times to create something original. Many of these composers have even been able to cross the divide between these different styles, being representations of multiple genres of their period. In understanding the backgrounds of these composers, the biographical information about their ...

Ancient Greek Vessels

The ancient Greek applied bronze, stone, glass, ivory, silver, terracotta, and other materials to design fabrics and vases. To the people of Ancient Greek, bronze was the material of choice due to its inexpensive nature, strength, resilience, and lightweight. The Greek people fashioned weapons, tools, ornaments such as horse decorations and clothing from bronze. Greeks designed vessels and vases to enable meet their daily needs. The Greek manages to make various qualities of materials by use of precious metals they largely apply vanish due to melting and reuse. The vessels of antiquity are cheaper unlike the ones established with ...

The Christian movement begins in Jerusalem as a minor sect of Judaism that gradually separated from the beliefs of Judaism to spread quickly in the Roman world. Eventually, Christianity emerges as a formidable religion compared to other religions in the day long before the emergence of Constantine. Christianity is the first religion to receive support from the state (Barnes, 2010). This enables the religion to become a crucial force in the barbaric period. The role of historical Christianity in the first seven centuries is to absorb elements of ancient civilization and channel them to the middle Ages (Stark, 2006). Christianity expresses a ...

Hellenistic Portrait Head

The Menil collection has artwork in ancient antiquity that range from Paleolithic to the Christian eras. The Paleolithic objects date from 22000 – 15000 BC (Smith 89). The Asia Minor artwork is a prehistoric Greek antiquity from Hellenistic period. The marble head that appears in the Menil collection, Houston represents a figure of a mature man with a small beard. The man turns his head to face the left side. This statue has short hair that has coils placed in rows. The coils emanate from a cowlick stand and have a coiffure with completion of bangs. The eyebrows have diagonal knots forcing arched furrows on the ...

More challenges conventional Renaissance views of Women in Utopia

Thomas More coined the word Utopia in his book that was about the conventional Renaissance views of women and feminism. Utopia is a fictional place in which More has written about the discourse of Raphael Hythloday. The views about women from well-known people are quoted in this novel and incorporated in the fictional land of Utopia. In his book, More has discussed the role of women and the way they are treated in the society In contrast and comparison with the utopia. More has his own strong opinions and values on the situation which might seem outright disgraceful to some feminist ...

The Copernican revolution is a paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the universe that has postulated that the Earth is the center of the universe, a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of our solar system. This event was one of the starting points of the beginning of the scientific revolution of the XVI century. Copernican theory was tantamount to a revolutionary restructuring not only in astronomy and science, but also in the methods of scientific research and knowledge. It has led to radical changes in the way of thinking of scientists, turning it from conventional and rigid dogma ...

Introduction

This paper analyzes the fall Europe into the dark ages (middle ages) after the collapse of the Roman Empire while the Islamic world entered into a golden age of learning and culture. In relation to the paper discusses the social, cultural, political and religious factors which accounted for the transformation of a largely Bedouin society into the center of the world learning while the collapse of the roman empire led to nearly a thousand years of backwardness among Europeans.

Analysis

Western medieval studies considered the beginning of the collapse of the Middle Ages the Western Roman Empire at the end of the 5th ...

At the wake of the 15th century, a young Italian man found himself in the trap of the spell of the classical past. In spite of his limited educational exposure, the romans and the Greeks seemed to be speaking directly to him. The story of the Cyriacus when the author gives a recap of this young merchant whose life has been shaped by the trading activities. As much as it’s assumed that the Romans would speak to him through books, the truth of the matter is that Cyriacus of Ancona used to get the information about the romans and the ...

The life and work of Ciriaco Pizzicolli (Cyriacus of Ancona) is in various ways a reflection of the Renaissance. Ciriaco was born into a family of merchants that travelled east to Constantinople, Greece, and even to Alexandria for business ventures (Belozerskaya, 2009). It was during these travels that Ciriaco gained a profound interest and engagement in studying the antiquity remains and their relation to situations in his country of origin, which he also examined with great attention (Belozerskaya, 2009). He became one of the earliest individuals to combine their occupations with the study of ruins. This hence shows the significance of him ...

Middle ages in the European history lasted from the 5th century to 15th century. The era began during the collapse of the Roman Empire and later merged into Age of Discovery and Renaissance. It is worth noting that middle age refers to the middle era of the western history, which is divided into three. These include the Modern period, the medieval period, as well as the antiquity period. Middle age is a period that is mostly associated with the end of antiquity. Middle age was affected by the migration of people in the 3rd century (Newman, 2001). During these era ...

How important was Petrarch to the Emergence of Renaissance humanism?

How important was Petrarch to the Emergence of Renaissance humanism? During the Renaissance period, Francesco Petrarch was a famous Italian writer and poet. He took the forefront among many of his contemporaries in the inauguration of the ‘revival of antiquity’, also known as the humanist movement. Humanists were the scholars and writers in the fourteenth, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries who aimed to emulate and recover the ancient literature. Their enthusiasm in the classical world and culture shaped the artistic and literary production in Europe. Petrarch had a passion for antiquity, and his works had the immense impact in the ...

- Juvenile Delinquency - Theories of Delinquency Throughout history, communities and experts have varying opinions when it comes to explaining why there are juveniles or minors violating rules and laws. According to Martin (2005), early experts and communities tried to explain juvenile delinquency with two theories: demonism and naturalism. Naturalism pertains to the ‘practice of linking human affairs with the natural world, justifying human behavior with the influence of nature.’ For example, if the change due to lunar and solar cycles, human behavior is also affected by these forces. Ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean use this theory ...

Influences of two Art periods

Influences of two arts The Medieval literature is related to the feudal era. With the subordination to religious ideology, it carried a significant spiritual values​​, discovering and protecting a person, revealing new sides of a soul, to differ material aspects from those values which were emphasized by antique literature. Thus, the humanism of early medieval Latin literature was reinforced by another Christian humanism the dogma of the Church in the Middle Ages was not so humane.

1. Christianity 2. Ancient heritage 3. Folklore Christianity of the Medieval era is different from our idea now. In the Middle Ages, ...

The possibility of an afterlife

- Brief summary of the topic The fundamental question in the discussion of the afterlife is what that life will look like. When a person dies, the body becomes incapable of movement, though the body does not just disintegrate. In the Book of Psalms, chapter 104, verse 29, it is stated that it is God who gives life, and is also the one who takes that life away. Burying the remains of the person generally is done when the body is placed into a cave or pit, where the remains of the person will join the remains of the other ...

There has been an effort to look into the history of creativity and inspiration in art. Many critics have tried to find the origin of the organized art periods that can be traced to ancient times. Art has a broad definition and can be referred to as a form of expressing ourselves and how we see ourselves and the environment around us. Art enables people to find themselves and lose themselves at the same time. It gives the description of how the world is perceived through our senses. Art can also be used to assist us in being focused and staying ...

Many civilizations have and still do treat the minorities in different ways. There are those religious organizations that are liberal and allow the minorities to thrive peacefully among themselves. Other religions oppress and persecute the minorities. Islam is one of the religions that are critically quoted as been the worst oppressors of the minorities since antiquity times. Muslims since ancient times have and still do hold with contempt the minorities in the Muslim states. There are several indicators as recorded by Lewis Bernard pp. 227-235. The Pact of Umar on page 217 outline the rules the minorities, specifically ...

- THE OCENTRIC PERIOD: - 500BCE – 0 - Middle Age – Byzantium - ARISTOCRATIC PERIOD: - Renaissance (1450-1550) - The Age of Enlightenment (1550-1789)

IDEAS AND THOUGHT

RESEARCH JOURNAL I. OCENTRIC PERIOD: 1. 500BCE – 0:

Ancient and modern have the following characteristics: - Art was not the beauty residence: it is not the definition of beauty with art. - Reasoning about art theory and beauty developed independently of each other.

Socrates

Socrates was born in Athens in 470 BC. His father, Sofroniks, was a stonemason and his mother a midwife. From his father, Socrates learned the craft ...

Religion, or belief in a god or multiple gods as well as belief-related activities, such as praying or worshipping, has various and history-motivated established manifestations in different countries. Religion has existed for centuries, starting with the holy antiquity, and reversed its direction due to a number of reasons ever since then. Religion in Europe changed its course from being politics-oriented to being apolitical, maintaining neutrality, granting political power its much needed laicized status after centuries of the Holy Inquisition and de facto governance of secular affairs. The USA, the country founded by puritan pilgrims seeking opportunities to freely exercise their religious ...

Time of inception of Islam – was a period of intense social and political struggle, of the rapid destruction of the primitive society and the formation of early class society in the Arabian Peninsula, a time when struggle between the two world empires – the Byzantine Empire and Iran – escalated. The rise of Islam is connected both with the influence and development of monotheistic religions – Judaism and Christianity, and the evolution of the religious consciousness of the population of Arabia, with specific forms of Arabian syncretistic monotheism. Population few Middle East cities survived only with a help of maintenance of the caravan routes ...

The work of humanist scholars as well as the renewed interest in classical learning was the greatest influence of the Italian Renaissance. The term renaissance in Italian means rebirth, and the Italian renaissance era is best known for the renewed interest in the culture of renewed classical antiquity after the period that the rebirth humanists referred to as the Dark Ages (Ben-Ezra, p. 230). The influence of these humanists greatly shaped the Renaissance writing, thinkers, art, and education because of the fact that the humanism ideas were spread across all aspects of life (Raadt, p. 511). More specifically, humanism ...

The Code of Hammurabi – it is one of the oldest monuments in the sphere of ​​legislation. It is a black basalt pillar on which cuneiform inscriptions on the classic Babylonian dialect of Akkadian are located, which include two hundred eighty-two articles from various areas of law. The Code of Hammurabi was created by the king of Babylon Hammurabi, who reigned in round 1793-1750 years BC and made Babylon the biggest cultural, economic and political center of Asia Minor of those times. The Code of Hammurabi – is one of the most important sources of the ancient Babylonian law and of the ...

Periodically throughout the last two millennia or so, Pagans, or followers of classical polytheisms found themselves facing oppression or persecution. As the influence of Christianity grew, the term “pagan” was used to broadly describe any non-Christians. Attempts to suppress Paganism successfully erased many Pagan rituals and demolished or covered sacred sites, but early Christianity was far from uniform between different regions and different blendings of Paganism and Christianity occasionally emerged. Examining varied pagan traditions and beliefs and understanding the interaction between Paganism and Judaism and Christianity and Paganism when Christianity was a young religion allows greater insight into some traditions ...

When studying classical history, there is a tendency to think of the entire Mediterranean has been largely the same. In particular, westerners often think of Greeks and Romans as more less the same people, if with a different language and slightly different philosophy. Nothing could be further from the truth. Of course, there were similarities. In addition, both cultures had been deeply influenced by the other cultures around them. In particular, the traditions of the Persian Empire had a strong influence on the Greeks (who conquered them under Alexander the great) and the Romans, who had to fight their descendants. In their ...

Introduction

The development of medicine and medical care during the American civil war were significant due to its watershed impact on social and military evolution. The Civil War was the bloodiest war in the history of America, and had the war that had the most impact in the field of medicine. Civil war medical care providers such as surgeons had to learn fast and develop new techniques as the number of injured people were too high. The high number of the injured fighters included top officers and commanders in the military, which intensified and prompted the need for new developments. ...

Dark Ages is the term referred to as the period of cultural and economic regression that occurred in Europe succeeding the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476. This period refers to the Middle Ages, A.D. 450 until A.D 1000 and is called the Dark Ages because it denotes a period of grief, torture and plague. During this era, the Roman territory was divided where Kings and mounted Knights emerged. Vikings and barbarians from northern and central Europe conquered Rome and brought havoc to the fallen empire. Imperialism was replaced with feudal system where citizens were protected inside walled ...

Module

Response to Reading For the greatest part of the historic period prior to 1800, visual culture was informed by the Classical traditions of Ancient Greece and Rome. The ideal of Classical antiquity set the norm for how art should be made and how it should be experienced. In this respect, particular evaluative standards about what is appropriate visual culture existed linking it to the Classical ideal and excluding everything else. The modern period saw the re examination of these values and contemporary visual culture specialists have expanded the field in order to include not only the traditional artistic ...

There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but how these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. The Great Pyramid of Giza outside the modern city of Cairo in Egypt was in antiquity one of the Seven Wonders of the World and is today the only monument from the list that survives (Brier, 2007). The Great Pyramid is the largest of a group of three pyramids situated one next to ...

Rabbinic Judaism is a way of life of the Jewish community as described by the Rabbis. The six centuries after the destruction of the Jerusalem temple are referred to as the late antiquity period. During that period, Rabbinic Judaism was among the prominent religions in Israel and Babylonia. The religious leaders during that time wrote three documents that have fostered the understanding of Rabbinic Judaism namely the Mishnah and the two Talmuds (p. 7584). Other documents include commentaries on the books of the Law (Torah) as well as Siddur-the Jewish prayer book. The Torah contains the sacred teachings of Moses ...

Soccer

INTRODUCTION Soccer was introductory amplify in England in the 19th century. Soccer is also referred to as Football in some other countries like Ireland, Australia, Canada and other countries where it is popular. FIFA or Federation International de Football Association was founded in 1904 as the main federation of soccer teams around the world. Soccer is one of the most popular sports in Europe and in the Americas. It has a vigorous and impressive history in the world of sports. The sport is basically being played by two groups of 11 players and each team using a soccer ball. The ...