Outsourcing Reports Samples For Students

Background of the Issue

With increasingly difficult organizational structures and continuously evolving markets, modern companies face more severe competition. This competitive market environment is no longer determined by the high level supply and demand curve and product features, as it used to be somewhat forty and even thirty years ago. Contemporary businesses have to learn to compete on price and upstream effectiveness to be able to develop sustainable competitive advantage in their respective markets. Past decades put in focus an emerging trend of production and manufacturing outsourcing, where large corporation found a great cost advantage in offshoring their operations in lower labor cost countries, ...

Response Paper - ‘Made in USA’

The article ‘Made in the USA’ On The Rise As Manufacturing Costs Drop by Moodley (2012) is an interesting compilation of Boston Consulting Group and other empirical studies on the newest trends in manufacturing and production operations across the globe. The argument that the article is trying to make is that we are moving towards the new era, where previously clear and well established practices of labor outsourcing to less cost-intensive countries set the dynamics of the international business environment. The core of the author´s argument is the statistics that reflect current trends of international companies, such as ...

I confirm that this is my own work and is the final version. I have acknowledged each use of the words or ideas of another person, whether written or oral.

Business Internal Assessment Proposal and Report

Research question
Should Embassy India outsource its IT services?
The question provides a sufficient platform to analyze Embassy India and determine whether outsourcing its IT services is economically viable for the organization. Embassy India is a middle level organization that specializes in retail operations. The organization’s IT services are currently supported in-house. This research question probes the pros and cons of outsourcing IT services to an external vendor ...

Question 1

For any organization that is making a consideration to replace its internal payroll system with payroll outsourcing system, the cost reductions and direct revenue enhancements for such a company, which is into the internal payroll system may include employees’ productivity increase since they can at this instant focus on engaging in more productive things hence improve the profitability. For example, this is essentially true for the small businesses having employee strength of 10 to 20. Additionally, another direct cost reduction could actually be, avoiding the IRS penalties. The IRS penalties dictate that 40 percent of the small businesses actually pay an ...

An investigation into IS outsourcing success: the role of quality and change management

Outsourcing is the implementation hiring outside an organization in order to meet the in-house needs of a firm. In the Information Systems industry, outsourcing is the utilization of the services of external expert agencies to maintain, manage or process internal data and Information systems. Originally, organizations outsourced their IS function to reduce costs. Presently though, firms outsource to attain technological flexibility, eliminate recurrent staffing problems and to buy time to concentrate on competencies. In his article, David Chou points out that a number of studies and reports have shown that IS outsourcing benefitted business operations and corporate profits.
Early research ...

Introduction

Denning (2013) had written “What Went Wrong At Boeing?” news article and reported about the failure of Boeing in its outsourcing and offshoring when the company outsourced some parts for the manufacturing and development of Boeing 787. The purpose of the article was to explore and explain the more focused and specific mistakes and errors made by Boeing in outsourcing and offshoring handling and strategic decision making. The company aimed to control and reduce the cost of in-house production of those parts for that the company lacks the required efficiencies and skills for such products. In the results of ...

Candidate Number: 004438-0045

Research Question:
Should the Embassy India outsource its IT services?
Theoretical framework:
Under the theoretical framework, the research explored the research question with an intention of providing full understanding of information technology. Deeper understanding of the research problem and how to go about it was the key in theoretical framework. With the guidance of research question, understanding outsourcing of information technology and possible consequences were researched. On the in-house, the research suggests that it is the best method for the right technology that will be profitable to the business. The research found out that in-house directly ...

Introduction

The success of any business venture is characterized by its ability to manage its assets, with respect to features such as the members of staff, the expenses incurred during the production process of its products as well as its distribution stratagems. The reason why most business entities and conglomerates fail to thrive in the long term is due to poor mismanagement of various core sectors hence leading to the redundancy for income generated and in an increase in the cost of productivity. The overall result is the decline in the trajectory of the business entity. Such was the characteristic ...

Introduction

Outsourcing can be defined as the sub contracting of any task, products or operations to a third party within a given duration of time in accordance with the contractual requirements. In most cases organizations usually outsource for products and services that it has the capability to produce using the available in-house resources (Burkholder, 2006). In addition, the services or products offered by the third party can be provided on-site or off-site depending on the cost effectiveness of the program. Decisions concerning whether to undertake outsourcing normally require a critical analysis of the benefits and disadvantages, with respect to the operational strategies of ...

Introduction

Telstra Corporation Limited is the Australia’s largest telecommunication and information provider. The company is responsible for the provision of a wide range of telecommunication services across Australia. Telstra Company provides basic services to businesses and individual homes, internet and mobile services, and telephone services. The company has service provision has been improved by the presence of fixed lines and mobile connections. Various studies show that deregulation within major telecommunication companies has always had a significant impact on employee relations. As a result of new and improved technology, digital technologies, and mobile telephones, competition among telecommunication companies has diversified. Many firms have ...

Businesses are set up purposes of providing a good or a service at a profitable price. In recent times, harsh economic conditions have forced businesspersons to resort on new ways of reducing operational costs. In the past managers would be faced by the difficult decision of downsizing their production and even staff in order to survive bad business. In recent times, outsourcing has emerged as one of the most popular cost reduction strategies (Carmel, and Tija, 2005).

Background

Outsourcing is the process through which one company contracts a different company to provide a service, which could easily be performed within the contracting company (Carmel, and ...

1. What are you (in the role of Kathy Dalton) going to present at the outsourcing strategy meeting in two weeks and why?
I would present the proposal for the three-tier Customer Support structure, which would include details on who will perform which function and the justification for such choices. For example, I will cite the proven performance of the selected outsourcing vendor to ensure executive management of their capabilities and their reliability. I will also justify why they can be assigned the tasks that will be outsourced to them with regards again to the outsourcing vendor’s ...

Outsourcing Strategies

Introduction
A small number of organizations function totally independently. As an alternative, organizations form partnerships with suppliers and contractors. Outsourcing permits organizations to conduct business in a more efficient and effective manner. While outsourcing is beneficial to an organization, knowing when to outsource and even describing outsourcing can be a challenging issue. Organizations can choose various tasks for which they wish to outsource. Organizations can outsource a single section of their routine operations, or they can set up outsourcing as a calculated part of their business (Vagadia, 2012).

Question Phase Motivation

The bank in this case decided to outsource for various reasons. ...

Introduction

Pakistan is a developing country and is the 26th largest nation in terms of purchasing power parity. A member of BRICS community, the nation has shown signs of becoming one of the world’s largest economies by 2025. In the past, the country had suffered from the ills of political disputes, energy constraints, poverty, growing population and non-conducive business environment that had halted the growth of the country. However, during the past few years, Pakistan has shown some optimistic signs of economic improvement with consistent growth in GDP and other macro-economic factors. Still, many factors such as social and ...

Outsourcing

Outsourcing is where the management gets some of the jobs done outside the organization instead of having in-house departments handle them. The outsourced jobs are either assigned to individuals or organizations (Cromie and Zott, 2013). Over the past decade, it has become one of the major trends in many human resource departments. Both small and large companies opt for outsourcing with an aim of recording growth and at the same time restraining the overhead and payroll costs.
It is vital for a company that is outsourcing services to ensure that they have strategies to manage the workers that are ...

Introduction

The largest chain of fashion stores, Zara, which is owned by Inditex, is among the companies that deal in fast fashion (Suzy 2012). With over 6000 stores all over the world and up to 13 billion Euros of revenue, the business is employing strong logistic focus that works as an advantage over the competitors. Zara knows how important it is to ensure that the order placed by customers is fulfilled, as a result, the company has laid down a well-calculated strategic decisions on logistic networks. The performance of the supply chain by the company is ensured by the design and operations of ...

Apple iPad had no real worries from competitors until Amazon introduced the Kindle Fire Tablet so the tech bloggers report. The product most like the Kindle Fire Tablet is Barnes & Noble Nook Color because they are similarly priced and offer similar applications (Rothman 2011). The costumer will make the best choice of tablet if they first consider what they want to do with their new gadget.

Amazon Kindle Fire Tablet is a perfect size for pockets so it can be carried everywhere without any annoying bulges or pokes. It measures 7 inches which sounds like it’s close to ...

Introduction

Businesses always increase their revenue generation capability and effectiveness in terms of productivity and effectiveness. They have accomplished the same thing by get their things in the right manner accordingly (Click & Duening, 2004). Training and development in terms of effectiveness can be an aspect that associated directly with the productivity of the employees who would then become able to generate effectiveness and high revenue recognition in the long run. Short Run and Long run effectiveness are effective for the corporations as far as generating their net income is concerned (Click & Duening, 2005).
Employees have to give some extra ...

Introduction and company background

Formed in 1824 by Peter Degraves, Cascade Brewery stands out as one of the oldest companies located in Australia. The company is specifically located in Hobart, Tasmania. Peter Degraves was an entrepreneur who had moved to Australia as an immigrant following the crises that were facing England during the era. He started Cascade Brewery on his own property but the company later flourished and possession was granted to the Foster's Group that currently runs it. Remarkably, the company majors in production of apple cider, homebrew, beers, as well as non-alcoholic beverages such as blackcurrant syrup, apple juice, and carbonated ...

Introduction

Internationalization is one of the strategies that businesses use for their growth. The strategy entails expansion into other markets and regions through various entry methods. In that view, the strategy entails various factors consideration as well as a change in organization structure. In that respect an organization that considers internationalization must consider the suitable structure as well as the environment of the new market as a means of enhancing its fit for the market. Thus, this report presents a summary of Blackberry’s considerations in the internationalization through the FDI method. The report presents considerations for aspects and the ...

Nowadays globalization is developing rapidly; more and more companies establish their subsidiaries in the foreign countries. Many organizations have presence all around the world. This process has either advantages or disadvantages; however, companies receive mostly positive outcomes of globalization, such as access to the new markets and outstanding talent, outsourcing of production and R&D, learning the experience of the foreign colleagues, and etc. This reported is devoted to identification of the ways of international business strategy’s improvement for Adidas Company.

Globalization

Globalization has made significant changes of the world economy. It foresees the following aspects:
Nations differences: the competitive ...

Introduction of staffing and Performance Appraisal in retail sector context

Staffing in Retail Sector
Retail sectors constitute the part of the economic market made up of businesses that sell well to the final consumer. The ultimate or the final consumer is the client who buys goods for personal use and not for business use. The retail sector encompasses various kinds of shops such as small and medium-sized stores and kiosk, large department stores, supermarket chains, mail-order business as well as online businesses. Staffing is an integral and a core process within the retail industry. Staffing includes a range of activities followed in the acquiring and maintaining a human personnel. ...

Organization Background information

The business of retail sector of UK keeps on changing with respect to the new technologies being introduced. E-commerce phase of retail sector is making the job easier for seeking a new market. The UK food sector is a highly competitive place for retailers as the trends of customers’ demand changes very fast. For opening and running successfully, the ABC retail food store, a highly motivated work team is be needed who can perform well in the tense situations faced by the retail sector due to fast changing consumer needs and demands (Crown, 2013). In the year 2015, the volume of sales ...

Information security threats and cyber attacks are problems that companies must deal with on a daily basis. Financial losses, customer dissatisfaction, and brand threats are only some of the consequences that can result if a company’s information system becomes compromised and is exploited by hackers or users with malicious intentions. As such, it is important for every company to assess the security threats that exist in the company so that these risks can be promptly managed.

In this regard, this paper discusses the security risks that exist in Logistix, Inc. In particular, this paper identifies and describes three of these ...

MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING REPORT

Introduction
This report covers budgeting, break-even analysis, and the analysis of make-or-buy decision. The budgeting details the purpose of a budget and the importance of involving staff in developing a budget. The report contains a direct material purchase budget (in units and in dollars), a direct labor budget (in hours and in dollars), and a manufacturing overhead budget. The break-even analysis compares the hammer division break-even point locally and in Myanmar. The break-even analysis indicates that the business will have a lower break-even point if they shift the hammer division to Myanmar because of lower fixed costs and reduced ...

The Business Structures and Competitiveness of Russia

Diamond Model of International Competitiveness

The concept of competitiveness is among the factors that have received widespread acceptance in the analysis of a nation’s prosperity despite limited understanding on the basic structures. An understanding of the factors determining the competitiveness of a country is the central factor in the diamond model of international competitiveness developed by Michael E. Porter. To begin with, it is ardently crucial to acknowledge the fact that improvement of sustainable standards of living should the central macroeconomic goal for any nation aspiring to be competitive in the global market. Other measures include the level of foreign ...

Welshwheels might consider focusing their build-up efforts on direct mail and internet sales. Getting into business is relatively easier in an e-commerce environment. Unfortunately, staying in business may be more difficult. Easy access means increased competition causing business to operate with very thin profit margins. Thus, for Welshwheels to be profitable, it must maintain high sales volumes, which in turn means developing and maintaining a big and loyal customer base. Attracting customers and transforming them into repeat buyers is the key profitability.
Electronic commerce involves purchasing and selling of commodities via the internet or computer networks. It embraces the ...

The Human Resource function has undergone a massive change since its recognition as a separate function in organizations. Originally conceptualized as an area which dealt with selection, recruitment, promotions, retirements, and Wage and salary administration, it gradually added organizational behavior components like leadership, teamwork, motivation, performance etc. in its portfolio. With globalization of business operations, certain issues like diversity management, ethics and social responsibility were added into its framework. After the introduction of IT, the HR functions became more complex, though accessibility became easier with internet enabled platforms. With the demands of the function, HR professionals had to equip ...

Quality and Project Management

SWOT analysis helps an individual or an organization to identify internal (Strengths (S) and Weaknesses (W)) and external (Opportunities (O) and Threats (T)) factors for success. The analysis then enables the individual or organization to focus on exploiting strengths and opportunities while addressing weaknesses and threats to improve performance. There are also other factors that affect a person or organization’s performance, which include political, economic, social and technological (PEST) factors. A PEST analysis considers each of the external forces particularly how they affect a person or organization. This is followed by the development of a plan for dealing with these forces ...

Executive Summary

Jinnikins Jeans functions in a highly competitive industry, and owing to cost pressure, it has taken some cost-cutting measures, such as outsourcing the manufacturing units to low cost countries like China and Sri Lanka, and laying off employees. Recently, the company has encountered a lot of people management issues. The lay-off measure has created a sense of insecurity among the existing employees, and attrition rate has become high. Since, most of the problems that the company is experiencing are people-centric, the company should take necessary steps to restructure the reward management system for motivating employees. This paper has touched upon the current ...

The scope of the project

The project focuses on a data collection and analytics company that uses web analytics together with its information technology systems to conduct both business and marketing research. The company has been operating for 2 years now. The following are various business requirements for the company that wishes to attain a 60% growth within the next 16 months. In order to achieve this, the company seeks to create a repository for collected data beyond standard relational databases. The company is in a process of acquiring a 10-terabyte data warehouse that is expected to grow at a rate of 20% per annum. The discussion below will focus ...

- Introduction
In order to perform an annual report analysis we will choose Apple Inc. as our target company. Apple Inc. is an American based company, with headquarters in Cupertino, California. It designs and manufactures mobile communication and media devices, personal computers, digital music players, computer software, and various digital applications. Apple’s major brands and trademarks include iPhone, iPad, Mac, iPod, Apple TV, iTunes and iCloud.Company operates in all major geographical regions: North and South Americas, Europe, Japan and Asia-Pacific. Apple Inc. is a publicly traded company listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange. It was first incorporated on ...

Management

Executive summary
This report analyzes the logistics industry. The Australian based company Panalpina is selected for the reader to achieve an internal view of the operations of such companies. Specifically, this study focuses on the value added services popular in the industry. The value added services offered by Panalpina are analyzed and assessed to determine if they are up to standard in the global industry. The report shows that Panalpina is company that is worth of the global recognition that it receives since its services are unique and complementary to meet the needs of diverse customers. The general ...

In his article Made in Canada: How Local Companies Can Compete with International Outsourcers Andrew Seale brings to the lime light the prospective loss of business faced by local manufactures due to the cheap low quality products being imported to the Canadian market. Small businesses are especially finding it very hard to compete with the large multinationals that are sourcing cheap labor from the developing countries (Seale n.p). Even local newspapers are currently outsourcing their print designs from Indian firms rendering the Canadian firms jobless.
Having identified this as a problem or threat to businesses in Canada, Seale seeks ...

This is an urgent reminder to all departmental heads to present their reports on which services they would like to outsource. The deadline for presenting all the reports had been set for Thursday 16th August 2012. As of now only two departments have presented their reports.

All departments had received a communication from the chief executive officer’s office (CEO) informing them of the board decision to approve the outsourcing of some of our operations. Each department head was to conduct an assessment of their function and determine which services could be outsourced with minimal risk to company secrets. They ...

Introduction

Business entities both in the contemporary society as well as in the past have different approaches in undertaking their business activities and such approaches focus on increasing the returns. The other objective of the majority of the companies is seeking to obtain stable markets as well as a clear expansion strategy that enables them to approach new markets and establish operations in new markets successfully. The clothing industry is a major industry across the globe with varying organizations operating in the industry. The majority of the companies have not developed specialized products based on the demographic segmentation of the ...

Inter-organizational Innovation Networks (IT): Role of cloud computing and big data on Business Model Innovation

ID number

Abstract

This report looks at how cloud computing and big data impact business model innovation and if these technologies enable companies to implement quicker and more efficient means to interact with customers and enhance their profitability and growth potential. Meta-analysis was conducted by accessing peer-reviewed literature which targets issues surrounding the research problem and research questions. Despite the uncertainty in terms of knowledge and expertise in the IT industry due to rapid technological developments there are still opportunities to be leveraged by businesses. However, in answer to the research questions it is found that cloud computing and big ...

Executive Summary

For the purpose of writing a report on tourism marketing, we have chosen Singapore Airlines. The reason behind choosing this airline is because it is regarded as one the biggest airlines in the world and has its headquarters in Singapore. Singapore has always been a major attraction for tourists and those who visit Singapore must also travel via the national airline so as to make the journey more memorable. The revenues of Singapore Airline have always been growing, however, the recent rise in competition within the airline industry has led to low turnover ratios. A survey has indicated that ...

Korra Dancewear Company was established by Karolina Swietoniowska in 2013.The long time dancer with a love for design started creating her own dancing apparel and was brainstorming on how to make her business profitable. Based in Mississauga, Ontario her company was mostly online and it was through the internet that she was able to market and make sales for the apparel. She delivered the items personally in her car so as to reduce on distribution costs. This paper conducts a PEST and SWOT analysis for the business. It also seeks to identify the best consumer market by conducting a ...

Introduction

According to Hughes and Ferrett, “construction is the largest industry in the UK” (1). It accounts for approximately 8% of the country’s GDP (Hughes and Ferret 1). Hughes and Ferrett further state that the construction industry accounts for more than 10% of the jobs in the country (Hughes and Ferret 1). The implication is that the contribution of the construction industry to the country’s economy is immense.
In the year 2010, there were 300,000 construction companies employing more than 2.5 million workers (Hughes and Ferrett 1). However, despite its importance to the economy, the construction industry ...

Introduction

The creation of an e-commerce business operation can be challenging but yet the results, and returns are rewarding if the on-line business is able to perform well. For the purpose of this paper, the Cliptomania Web Store is analyzed, and different aspects will be covered. The areas that are analyzed will include the problem statement, key success factors of the company, SWOT analysis to analyze the internal business environment, the solution to the problems and the evaluation of the solution for business success. The Cliptomania is a well-established and well-organized web-store. The main owner of the brand is Santos, and ...

Introduction

Mattel Toy Company was established in 1945 by Elliot Handler and Harold Matson and had its headquarters in El Segundo, California. Mattel Company is a distinguished global leader in the manufacture, design, and marketing of a variety of toy products. The Toy Company’s products are organized into three distinct business groups. Namely: the Mattel boys and girls brands, the Fisher- price brands and the American girl brands. The Mattel boys and girls brand comprises of Barbie dolls and accessories, Polly pocket, Batman, Superman and the hot wheels. In addition, the Fisher-price brand also consists of the little people, power wheels ...

Business, Society, and Policy

The Name of the School (University)
The City and State Where it is Located
Business, Society, and Policy

Introduction

Child labour is one of the biggest problems being faced by the industrial world in the current business environment. Despite the best efforts from governments around the world, it was very difficult to curb the menace effectively. The problem of child labour is severe in the developing countries like India, China, and many African countries. The practice of employing children has an adverse impact not only on the future lives of children but also on the society they live ...

Introduction

This is a feasibility study on the proposed Xanadu contract management system. This study aims to prove or disprove the financial prudence of creating and implementing the said system. The proposed contract management system will be responsible for handling outsourced system development contracts.
This feasibility study was commissioned by Sr. Vice president of the Xanadu Bellevue Branch, Ann Casey, with authority from the corporate headquarters in George Town, Cayman. The investigation has been executed by the Alpha group whose members include John Tyrion, Grace Stark, Alex Snow, and Arya White.
The new system is aimed at processing invoice ...

Abstract

With virtually everything going international, globalization has become an inevitable concept. Technology has reduced, and to some extent eliminated the miles between the nations across the world – a situation that has seen business among people and organization from various countries flourish. The shortening and elimination of the distances has seen a rapid growth in the number of multinational corporations in the last three decades. Research indicates that internationalization of the firm is no longer an affair for the big organizations. On the contrary, small and medium enterprises are operating globally, with e-commerce being the main form of business. With globalization come ...

Introduction

The report will be based on the purchase technological hardware that will benefit the company. The purchase process will require the respective departments to do research on the costs, functions and accessibility of the system. This will go a long way in ensuring the best machinery has been concluded upon. In any transaction there is need to have in depth research on the best in the market while still exhausting and checking the competitor products. This report will give recommendations and a conclusion on the product selected for purchase by management. the two companies in focus are Hewlett Packard and Apple.

Purpose of the purchase

...

Table of Contents

Introduction
3

Role of Mobile devices as “Rich Sensors”
3
Emergent Theme of “Near-Real Time Data Consistency”
5
Mobile Opportunism
7
Certain Fundamental Challenges of Mobility
9
Conclusion
10
Bibliography
11

Telecommunication world is an environment that has seen magnificent changes especially over the last two decades. The changes experienced are more pronounced in mobile communication systems and improvement of related technologies. In this report, the learner takes a closer look at mobile devices, merging themes in line with mobility and identification of mobile opportunism, ...

In order to properly outline the ethical dilemmas of conducting business it is necessary first clearly define what a business is and what are the boundaries within which we want to place these ethical considerations. This is the starting point of this essay. For the purpose of this discussion we will define business as "a voluntary association of individuals, united by a network of contracts" organized to achieve a specified end. In a cornerstone article on normative theories of business author, John Hasnas, asserts that “because businesses consist in nothing more than a multitude of voluntary agreements among individuals any attempt to provide a general account ...

The IT industry has been one of the fastest-growing industries in the world today. Numerous companies have been put up in the past 20 years to cater to the increasing demands for different IT related services. These companies usually have different services and products to offer with to their clients. Some concentrate on hardware, some on software and still others focus on other support services.

One of these emerging IT companies is Accenture, which started as a global management and technology solutions company and eventually ventured on outsourcing services. It started out as a company in the 1950’s and boast ...

Report for product transporting

Introduction
Preparation of protein EcCLpS in lab environment requires much time as well as controlled environment. ClpS protein is a member of the Clp family of proteins displaying modular structure. It is essentially a bacterial adaptor protein. Artificially prepared CLpS protein is sought by companies, especially pharmaceutical companies, for research; especially for ELISA, western blot experiments, antibody production, Right-Over –Expression Lysate and Left Control. It is researched for its application as antigen standard for colipase. As it is a specialized production, care has to be taken in its handling and dispersing to the end client. Specific conditions need to be maintained ...

Each year, technological breakthroughs and gadgets have flocked the market to cater the adoring public. Many would even change their gadgets regularly to fit the trend, and would await the next releases from the top brands in the business. Every new item is improved to its optimum performance, and it is also the top of its competition in its unique way. This trend enables the market to keep up with the demand and find new ways to cater to the public’s needs for the period. Although not many would give enough interest with them, some are awaiting the ...

Levi Strauss & Co was established in 1853 in San Francisco, California (Ristau, 2009, p.128). This company is known for the manufacture of jean wear like Dockers which is a popular wear among many youth today. In addition, the company has over the years been the biggest producer of Denim jeans that is used by many blue-collar workers within the United States due to the toughness and durability of the material used.
Levi Strauss & Co has been successful in the past due to the fact that the American consumer base has embraced jean wear as being a casual trade mark within ...

‘A Whole New Mind: Why Right Brainers Will Rule the Future’ is a book written by Daniel Pink and was first published in 2005. In this book, Pink attempts to address the role of creative thinking in shaping society and other aspects that will determine success in future. This paper analyzes the themes in the book and the lessons we can draw from the book.
Pink starts the book by describing the four major ages; agricultural age which was characterized by farmers, industrial age which was characterized by factory workers, Information age characterized by knowledge workers and conceptual age ...