Refuse Research Papers Samples For Students

The ethics of a patient refusal of treatment

Given a situation where a patient refuses a novel treatment procedure, or medication that is very essential for his treatment, would it be in the best interests of health care practitioner to force a patient to accept medication or a treatment procedure?

The ethics manual of the American college of physicians defines the primary commitment of the Health care practitioner to the patient as the best welfare of patients. However, sometimes patients may refuse to take any form of treatment procedure or medication proposed by a health care practitioner. In such situations, there are ethical issues and conflicts that arise between the ethical principles that ...

Introduction

There are conditions in which medical treatment is provided either forcefully or without informed consent. There are plenty of such incidents arising with patients suffering from personality disorders, dementia and even with cancer treatment for non-consenting minors. There are some fundamental questions that arise regarding the existing law. A minor, who has little understanding and intelligence about the cancer treatment, cannot comprehend fully as to what is involved in their treatment. Anyone aged 16-17 is supposed to be deciding the consent for their treatment.
There was a case of a child patient who was severely mentally and physically disabled child, ...

ABSTRACT

Ethical issues are something that is a reality in modern medicine. This is certainly true when it comes to religious, spiritual and philosophical belief systems. Sometimes these strongly held beliefs are on the part of patients, but there are times when beliefs are held by healthcare workers. There are ethical codes in place that protect a patient’s right to refuse treatments, like blood transfusions, if they ethically or morally feel that are not what they wish to do. There are also options available for healthcare workers who feel that they cannot ethically be involved in certain treatments or ...

The term pollution in the simplest and most basic meaning refers to the condition, situation and circumstance where harmful and toxic materials and substances find their way to the environment thereby making human life inhabitable and unhealthy. In the recent history and empirical evidence has confirmed that human activities have contributed to pollution to the environment and in effect exposing the human race to danger and threats. They hazardous human activities are evident in the most developed nation in the planet, whereby the industrial refuse are deposited to water bodies. With the above background in mind, marine or water ...

Introduction

In 2012, FedEx Corporation paid a whopping $3 million to settle the charges of discrimination against 21, 635 job applicants 61% of whom were female, 52% African American, 14% Hispanic, 2% Asian and 1% Native American (Greenhouse, 2012). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal law prohibiting employment discrimination based on race, sex, color, religion and national origin. EEOC is a federal organization which has the responsibility of enforcing this law. The EEOC statistics show that the highest number of discrimination charges ever registered was in the fiscal year that ended on 30th September 2010. Though Title ...

Abstract

This paper puts the legal and ethical issues of physician-assisted suicide in the context of the larger debate on privacy and the right to die, which can be divided into three constituent parts: (1) a patient’s constitutionally protected right to privacy in all matters involving end-of-life treatment decisions. So long as a patient has the mental capacity to make informed consent, the government does not have a legitimate interest to override end-of-life decisions. Critical to the analysis of a patient’s refusal of life-sustaining treatment is the burden of the state to prove a patient did not have ...

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Thesis on: The detrimental effects of drinking alcohol

Alcoholism is an addictive disease, which is characterized by increased and regular drinking of alcohol. It is a detrimental disease, and causes many harmful effects over the mind and body of the individual afflicted with it. His friends, family, and even in extreme cases, the society suffers from the detrimental effects of alcohol. The signs that a person is suffering from alcohol are an increasing consumption of alcohol intake, sole interest in drinking, denial that alcohol is a problem, etc. He may hide alcohol bottles, finish an entire rink in a few gulps, have an immense longing for drinking, and lose control ...

[University]

Climate change, or as it is more commonly known as global warming, is something that has been predominant in the world since the dawn of the industrial era. The world has been emitting all kinds of gasses that are harming and destroying the ozone layer as we know it. This destruction of the ozone layer causes temperatures to rise in the oceans and results in the melting of ice caps on both the south poles and the north poles. With such critical melting points emitting more water into the oceans, it sees a rapid change of climate throughout the ...

Attack at Mers-el-Kébir
The Second World War can be considered one of the deadliest wars in history especially in its early years as both the Allied and Axis Powers tried to subdue each other despite the losses it may incur due to the crossfire from both parties. Despite recovering from the first World War, the Europeans fought the growing fellow European state Germany with the United States while its allies Japan and Italy were also making their own attacks against the Allied Powers. While some of the most notable confrontations had paved the way to the end ...

Confidentiality and Shield Laws: Branzburg v. Hayes

Paul Branzburg was a news reporter who published stories about drug abuse in Kentucky (Calvert, C & Pember, 2011). The court asked him in 1971 to testify about sources that were obviously breaking the law by handling and trafficking in illegal substances but he declined citing source confidentiality (Calvert, C & Pember). Paul Pappas was a news reporter in Massachusetts who was asked to testify before a grand jury concerning sources within the Black Panthers (Calvert, C & Pember). The third journalist involved was Earl Caldwell who was also asked to testify about the Black Panthers before a Grand Jury (Calvert, C & ...

The problem of the sexual violence is still actual in the modern world. The people in the XXI century are spoilt by the toys of progress and technical evolution but the women today face the same problems as centuries ago. They should defend and prove their rights to their body. I have chosen three different newspaper articles where the sexual violence is discussed. They reflect the situation in the USA, the UK, and Germany. Observing the dynamics of solving the problem over the course of time all over the world we may see if the issue moves closer to ...

Introduction

Industries in West Virginia have violated the state-issued permit of pollution by releasing toxic substances such as coal ash and selenium into the local water supply. In addition to the threat toxic substances like coal ash and selenium pose to the health of the community, toxic water destroys the environment and destabilizes the local ecosystem of the areas impacted by such pollution. West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WVDEP) was formed as a guidance tool to aid persons to know when it is environmentally secure to withdraw water from the stream. This judgment is built on percentages of yearly ...

Medical professionals are often confronted with issues surrounding malpractice and negligence. Sanbar (2007) defines malpractice as negligence committed by a professional and which results in imposing physical, emotional, mental harm and/or financial losses as a result of his/her actions. This paper will assess three cases affecting nurses in relation to malpractice and negligence.
In a Rhode Island hospital, a baby boy born healthy had a few difficulties during breastfeeding. For this reason, the hospital’s pediatrician ordered for the supplementation of the baby’s feed with formula milk. Unfortunately, this order was not followed and as such the baby ...

Insider Trading

Insider Trading

Investors Suffer from Insider Trading

Insider trading presents an adverse effect for the investors and the country at large. In this regard, it prevents the fair quantum of supply and demand for the stocks and contributes towards having an artificial increment in the stock prices, thus enticing innocent investors to buy the stocks at increased prices than that of their original value (Stefano, 2011). Consequently, soon after the purchasing of the stocks, it plunges in the market bringing about immense losses for the investors that in turn contributes to a significant dip in SENSEX value which finally weakens a country's entire economy ( ...

Through the ages punishment as a sociocultural phenomenon has changed its aim and methods; however, the main meaning to community hardly transformed. In some cases, this stage is the only one key chance to get free, prove the innocence by acting on someone’s behalf. However, in the modern world people, as their ancestors, sometimes refuse to renounce their commitments.

Historical context

History of the human world offers a great number of cases, when people were protecting themselves in front of judges, juries and victims, but still unwilling to forsake their beliefs. Nicolaus Copernicus, Timothy Cole and, especially Socrates, are the ...

Introduction

A conscience clause is a legal clause in the United States that was implemented by George W. Bush that protects the right for pharmacists, physicians, and other health care providers from providing certain medical services due to the individual or group's religion or conscience (Nelson & Dark, 2003). A clause is usually used for situations like abortion and contraception. Unfortunately, when the roles of professionals in the medical world intertwine with personal belief systems, there will be a clash of values, opinions, and beliefs and the end result won't benefit anyone. A majority of the states follow conscience clauses. Most ...

For several decades now, the United States of America has been beset with issues pertaining to immigration, whether legal, illegal, or domestic immigration. Regardless of the type of migration, all three have varied effects and implications to the country known as the land of the free. America has fought to retain its independence and pushed forward to become a super country that other nations look up to. However, it is also a country that is a haven for different nationalities. In its efforts to provide better lives for its countrymen, the United States has also attracted other nationalities. Foreigners flock to the ...

Bill S.864 National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act
The National Nursing Shortage Reform and Patient Advocacy Act bill creates requirements for the acute care facilities to provide registered nurses based on the increased patients’ acuity as long as the minimum nurse-to-patient ratios are met all the time. Direct care registered nurses are mandated to act in the exclusive interest of their patients, and possess the right to be patient advocates. The bill seeks to address a number of policy issues such as the growing nationwide shortage of direct-care registered nurses in hospitals, provide minimum standards for patient ...

Motorcyclists and passengers requirement to wear helmets

With the increasing prices of fuel around the globe, motorcycles are seen by many as a perfect alternative to automobiles due to its fuel-efficiency, agility and easy parking. Most countries around the world, including the United States, have a huge motorcycle following due to this efficiency. However, while these alternate vehicles are indeed practical, the statistics of deaths related to motorcycle accidents have increased greatly each year especially in cases where in both the rider and the passenger are found without helmets. Where is society headed given the growing trend of motorcycle related deaths as many still prefer this alternative mode ...

A group of severe conditions known as eating disorders. An abnormal eating pattern is described as an "Eating Disorder”. Such pattern help in satisfying the psychological needs instead of physical requirements. The three most common eating disorders recorded are named as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating. Another condition is a dangerous desire to look thin and high fear of weight-gain. This fear lead to limited food intake. In these conditions, patients are worried about food and weight that is checked by the patients on a frequent basis. Many young people use other compensatory techniques to lose weight as vomiting, ...

Have we ever imagined of an incident where, college students refuse to play and protests for payments during the competition day? This means that, there will be no games for the fans to watch and cheer, and the university or college will earn nothing and have a loss for arranging the games. Should college athletes be paid is a question that is being discussed around many colleges in the US. It has become a controversial topic because it has a number of pros and cons. There are many questions that have been raised from the above topic. Should colleges pocket all the money ...

Executive summary

The essay addresses technology and its effects on our lives and the society. The role of technology in our lives has been interpreted with different intensity and varying perspectives by people. Some say without technology human lives would be impossible, a percentage of people assert that technology is a luxury and not a basic need. Other opinions refuse the significance of technology in our lives, while some believe that technology does play a minor role as far as the life of human beings is concerned. What is not clear to many is why technology, the most conspicuous fortune changer and the most sought ...

Same sex marriages, which are also referred to as gay marriages, have been among the most significant subjects, heavily debated by the communities all over the world. It is now a fashion to believe gay marriages to be a norm of life. Some people also believe, that gay marriages and their legalization is a step towards mariage equality, as this new aspect of human rights is currently referred to (Merevick, ND). But does it really have to do with human rights? This issue is being discussed by experts on human rights, such as Human Rights Commission in New Zealand (HRC, ND). And ...

Background

The quality of marriage is a very essential part of the family life that influences the health and well-being of an individual. Several studies have associated the quality of marriage to the quality of life of people. Some studies reported that a better marital quality is closely linked to less depression resulting to better health. To cut short, better marital quality may lead to a positive outcome in life. There are several factors that determine the quality of a good marriage. Some of these factors include ethnicity, gender and the like (Bowman and Dollahite).
At present, there has been a revolutionary change all ...

Psychology

Abstract
Selective mutism affect many children and can get worst if it is left mis-diagnozed. It is important for parents to know the signs and act early to prevent their child from suffering from this disorder later on in their life. The early diagnosis of the disorder is important, so too is the treatment options that are available for the child. If it is caught early on in the child’s life, it is easier for them to be treated and enabled to live a normal life. If it is not treated, the child may become an adult who ...

The military controls much of the political and economic state of Egyptian affairs. Throughout history, the images of Egypt's revolution show that the Egyptian military supported the civil disobedience in Tahrir Square. The recent events in Egypt show that Egyptian military forces maintain opposition to terrorism. Some Egyptians believe that the Muslim Brotherhood can gain unity amongst the Islamic countries in the future and create a united country and free Palestine. However, the fall of Hosni Mubarak, the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (SCAF), brought the military body to avow a peaceful conversion of authority within a democratic system. This fact ...

If you ask someone what they think about the Fifth Amendment, most people will likely point out that it provides citizens a right against self-incrimination. However, besides the well-known “plead the Fifth” clause, the Fifth Amendment provides a number of other important privileges and protections including the right to a grand jury for capital offences, the right to due process, the right to fair compensation when the government takes your property and a prohibition against being prosecuted or punished twice for the same crime. The Fifth Amendment was one of the original ten amendments included in the Bill of Rights that was passed ...

Abstract

Alternative dispute resolution has been hailed by many people for the crucial role it plays in finding solutions to disputes outside the courtroom. By definition, arbitration is an alternative dispute resolution technique that takes place out of the legal courts. In this kind of dispute resolution, a third party reviews the facts and evidence of two parties and imposes a legally binding decision. The fact that the parties to a dispute have total control over the process makes it more admirable as compared to the judicial process. The parties have the ability to make their own schedules and choose the arbitrators. For a ...

The idea of developing an electrically powered car has been around for more than a century now. This was mainly as a result of the increasing need to reduce the number of oil powered automobiles currently in use because they greatly contribute to environmental pollution and the ever fluctuating oil prices and unpredictable supplies as was observed in the oil crisis of 1970s. A significant breakthrough for this idea was in 1888 when the first electric car was made. It became popular in the 19th and early 20th century majorly because it was less noisy and produced low emissions. However, its ...

Question 1

The United States economy needs to be protected from the high-risk gambles in the securities/banking, a basis of the economy. The administrative agencies such as the Commodities Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) as well as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) should thus be at the forefront in protecting the economy by preventing these high-risk gambles in banking/securities.
These two administrative agencies played a key role in inspecting massive trading losses in JP Morgan Chase case. The investigation by SEC could only center on completeness and appropriateness of the financial reporting of JP Morgan Chase as well as other public disclosures. ...

Strategy number 1: While smiling and acting natural, not al all disturbed with the invitation received: “Oh, dear! I had no idea that you find me attractive. I am flattered and I really appreciate your invitation, but I do not feel the same way. Listen, I was just about to go meet up my boyfriend and his mother, so I have to go. Take care, bye!”
Strategy number 2: Indicating very little interest for the invitation, seeming preoccupied with something else: “Aha, so this is what you are interested in. While I do appreciate it, I cannot say ...

Feeding and eating disorder in infancy or early childhood is indicated by the failure of an infant or a child under say seven years, to eat well in order to grow normally and gain some weight over some period of time. This disorder can also be displayed by a significant weight loss over the same period of time. The feeling of a failure to achieve something is comparable to this disorder of feeding; however, there has not been enough medical or physiological explanation of the low intake of food or the slow growth rate.
Children or infants with feeding disorder do ...

Introduction

The desire of various countries to have a competitive health care system, a system where patients are able to get better medical services, has been on creating concern in the modern days. In order to make this a reality, most countries have come up with different strategies of ensuring better healthcare provision. For instance, they have enacted various laws and regulations to govern such provisions, which have led to the development of certain healthcare policies (Barr, 2011). These include policies regarding access to care, cost of care and quality of care among others policies. It is through these policies that have led ...

The National Science Foundation (NSF) was founded in 1950 as an independent Federal agency. It operates as a regional hospital and offers the following services:

Index Page

After-hours care Caters for the needs of patients who have personal queries that need medical attention.
Methods of Payment Entails methods and details of payment for outpatients and inpatients treatment and medication
Policy on bringing all medications to each visit Procedures for bringing in medicine to the hospital by visitors and other interested persons

Patients Privacy Guidelines for protecting each patient’s information and their details in the hospital

Patients Rights Rights that every patient is accorded to give them the freedom they need
Visiting Hours and ...

Pictures and Word on Those Pictures

Introduction
‘Your body is a battleground’, is an illustrious art work made by Barbara Kruger in the wake of 1989’s pro-choice march for women rights that took place in Washington D.C. Barbara Kruger is a conceptual artist, a feminist, a socio-political critic, a radical and a postmodern well-known for her atypical depiction of political and social dissent. Born in New Jersey, America in 1945, she attended School of Visual Arts, Syracuse University and later on studied art and design at Parsons School of Design in New York. She did various jobs of graphical designer, picture editor, head designer, and art director in the ...

Introduction

Since the launch of the global drive to eradicate polio in 1988, the incidences of polio have reduced by 99% . In spite the remarkable success of the eradication efforts that has been reported so far, there are countries where polio is still endemic. As of August 2012, there were 128 cases of polio that had been reported worldwide. 96% of these cases had been reported in the countries where polio is still endemic which are Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The number of polio cases that were reported in 2012 represents the least number of cases that has ever been ...

One of the principle purposes of advertisement is to influence minds of a target group in order to promote sales. However, sometimes advertisements questions when they target certain groups like children. This is because they come with certain effects on them. Unarguably, advertisements have a strong hold over the way individuals think or act. It is quite clear that the media dictates people’ needs and wants. In addition, plenty of theories prove that the media has extensive effects on children. Various creative minds that belong to advertisement agencies are frequently churning out fresh ideas on how to deliver messages to the public ( ...