Essays on Lung Cancer

Research Method LSS 2533

Assignment 1 - H00225779

Research questions and hypothesis

Q1:

RQ *How does smoking cause deaths?

H *Smoking causes deaths. Q2:

RQ*Why do smokers have bad breath?

H* Smoker have bad breath. Q3:

RQ*Can smokers be effected financially by smoking?

H* Smoking effects the financial status of smokers. Q4:

RQ* Are friendships with non-smokers a social treatment?

H* Friendship with non-smokers are part of social treatment. Q5:

RQ* Does smoking effect the smoker’s mood and make smokers angry?

H* Smoking effects the smoker’s mood and make them angry. Background research report and justification Smoking is one of the most impactful public health dangers worldwide. It is considered a leading cause of death, illness and impoverishment (WHO, 2016). Tobacco is a highly addictive substance with a well-documented impact on health. It can lead to serious respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, such as lung ...

Questions and Answers

What term is used to describe the benign condition that may have caused the mass ? The term used to describe benign condition that might have caused the lump in this patient is called Benign Breast Disease, of BBD. This is an umbrella term that can be use to describe a wide “spectrum of noncancerous changes in the breast” (McCance & Huether, 2014). The current patient does not have any fluid, or expression from the nipple, does not report pain or itching, and has no family history, so cancer is less likely the cause. As such, it would be considered ...

Introduction

Radiologic technologist refers to a healthcare professional that carries out diagnostic imaging processes (Hong et al., 2013). The diagnostic imaging procedures include magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography scan as well as X-ray examinations. Many of these professionals work full-time hence working at least 40hours a week. However, studies suggest that overworking these professionals lead to fatigue which brings about discrepancies in their operations (Nejati-Koshki et al., 2014).

Effect of overworking radiologic technologists

Overworking radiological technologists result from under-staffing these practitioners in a health care system (Niederwanger et al., 2013). Staff shortage is considered the leading cause of discrepancies and errors in radiology (Yi et ...

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Every year, various types of cancer kill millions of people. The problem of cancer disease is unique because of its complexity and importance to humankind. Cancers affect all segments of the population, causing enormous damage to society. Although malignant tumors are extremely diverse and complex for the perception, the risk factors and mechanisms of development of cancer are well known enough so that it becomes possible not only to heal, but also to engage in cancer prevention. Cancer is the most difficult and dangerous disease, since it can ...

Introduction

Cancer is a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The Prognosis of the diseases in many of the patients is also poor (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). The Economic cost involved in treating the conditions and other factors serve as an incentive for studies into approaches for the identification of high risk people. The development of brain metastases in patients diagnosed with lung cancer further amplifies the disease burden (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). This paper summarizes two articles in which the authors present content on the use markers in the identification of high risk populations.

Summary of Articles

The article by ...

Literature review

Kaasa, S. (2015). Is Cancer Pain Control Improved by a Simple WHO Pain Analgesic Ladder Approach Combined With Tumor-Directed Treatment?.Journal of Clinical Oncology, JCO647537.

Article summary

This article takes into consideration the role that the WHO analgesic ladder plays in addressing cancer pain in palliative care patients. The authors identify that cancer pain occurs in 90% of cancer patients but only half them are under proper pain management. To this effect, therefore, there is the need for applying opioids under the WHO ladder guidelines as a way of addressing cancer pain in oncology care patients.

This is a narrative qualitative research ...

A Case Study of Coca Cola Inc.

Coca Cola Inc. is a multinational beverage company with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. It has many managed and private bottlers globally. As the largest beverage producer in the world, Coca-Cola sells to more than one billion consumers every day. Its well-defined distribution has been the cornerstone for its global positioning. The head factory produces the concentrated syrup, which is transported to its local distributors. The syrup and the production process intellectually protected by the intellectual property laws. As such, the head office controls all its products, including safety concerns. The organization produces a variety of carbonated drinks among ...

Introduction

Cancer is a disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The prognosis of the diseases in many of the patients is also poor (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). The economic cost involved in treating the conditions and other factors serve as an incentive for studies into approaches for the identification of high risk people. The development of brain metastases in patients diagnosed with lung cancer further amplifies the disease burden (Adorno & Brownell, 2014). This paper summarizes two articles in which the authors present content on the use markers in the identification of high risk populations.

Summary of Articles

The article by ...

Summary

This seminar covers a broader spectrum of utility breath analysis by shortlisting and discussing interventions that can be used to assess and determine the existence of various diseases. The speaker’s point is mainly anchored on the manifestation of Nitric Oxide in the breadth, and how it invokes different medical implications in the breath. In a nutshell, this speech conclusively discusses how breath examination and analysis leads to the determination or realization of diseases such as Asthma, Pulmonary Hypertension, Heart Disease, Lung Cancer, and other diseases. The concept of breath analysis serves in the interest of medical diagnosis to ...

In reference to the case study, fibroadenomas is the term used in describing the benign condition that could have caused in patient’s breast mass. Essentially, fibroadenomas refers to a benign tumor that is made of the connective as well as the glandular tissue of the breast (Sala et al., 2015). As such, the condition is characterized by solid breast masses that are mainly round, painless and non-tender. Fibroademas usually occur in varying size whereby some are small while other are about eight centimeters in diameter. Fibrocystic breast disease is among the most common breast conditions that affects a ...

Tanya Cagnetti:

CANCER With the advancements in modernisation, many diseases have crept in into the human population. A good number of them are due to factors like sedentary lifestyle habits, improper dietary habits and a fast paced life. The hectic life nowadays leaves no time for the people to focus on their health. This leads to the development of numerous health issues which make the people suffer gravely in the long run. Some of these diseases may even prove to be fatal. One such disease is Cancer. It is a disease that can affect almost any part of the body and ...

Presentation of Problem

Smoking is a major concern in WSU. Currently, the institution’s smoking area is emitting so much smoke in the environment that in turn induces non-smokers to passive smoking (WSU, 2016). Passive smoking is involuntary smoking that occurs as a result of inhaling smoke from the cigarette tip and the one that is exhaled by an active smoker(s) (environmental tobacco smoke). Just like active smoking, passive smoking can have far-reaching consequences on the non-smoker’s health. For instance, both the smokers and non-smokers in the university are likely to be diagnosed with smoking-related illnesses such as lung cancer, ...

Assignment Number:

Description of Health Issue Smoking is the practice of burning substances and breathing in the resulting smoke so that it is tasted and further absorbed into the bloodstream of an individual. Smoking is a major health issue around the world as it causes various diseases. In Canada, health issues emanating from smoking are reported every day.100 Canadians are reportedly dying each day out of diseases related smoking (Smoking and Mortality, 2011). Furthermore, the smoke affects second-hand smokers as well, with 800 deaths being reported from victims of lung cancer and heart disease every year. Smoking affects the Canadian community ...

Fuel Cell Technologies in Passenger Cars

Fuel Cell Technology The last decade is characterized by the rapid development of research activity in the field of fuel cells, thus, creating the conditions for their uptake in electric systems. The basic fuel cells’ operating principle has been known for 150 years. However, a variety of technical and financial problems had kept them on the margins of technological applications (Brandon & Hart, 1999). The basic difference between a fuel cell and batteries is that while batteries store energy, fuel cells directly convert a fuel’s chemical energy into electricity by an electrochemical reaction (i.e. Without requiring combustion or movement ...

Smoking is one of the most harmful habits dangerous to the health of not only smokers but also others. Currently, smoking has become a massive "epidemic" common among men, women and even children. The fact that smoking is harmful to health know everyone, but not all realize the true extent of its impact. Damage to health damage is delayed in time and not immediate, but gradual, usually after 10-20 years after the onset of smoking. Therefore, many smokers at first do not notice changes in their health status and believe that nothing will happen to them in the future, ...

Introduction

Consumption of addictive psychoactive substances can be traced back to the earliest records of the human history. In ancient past, these psychoactive substances were consumed in various occasions: some priest consumed the substances during religious ceremonies; some substances such as opium were used for medicinal purposes; were consumed by the general population as they were socially accepted. People later devised various potent compounds which were easier to administer. As a result of high administration, addiction and abuse of these substances began. As early as in the 17th century, the concern of overuse of these substances and the loss of ...

Introduction

Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that starts in one of the lungs or both. In most cases, the cells develop in the air passages. The cells divide rapidly forming tumors, which may grow to extremely large sizes making it difficult to supply the oxygen to the bloodstream. There are tumors that remain in one place and do not spread, which are well known as benign tumors. There are malignant tumors, which are more dangerous as they easily spread to other body parts. When the cancer disaster spreads further, it may become extremely difficult to treat.

Literature review

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Background of the Problems

Theories Related to Successful Aging Bowling (2005) defined successful aging from a sociological perspective highlighting that "the substantial increases in life expectancy at birth achieved over the previous century, combined with medical advances, escalating health and social care costs, and higher expectations for older age, have led to international interest in how to promote a healthier old age and how to age successfully" (p.1). To this end, some research studies have outlined theories which can be applied to successful aging. DeLiema & Bengston (2015) examined both the activity theory and disengagement theory. Specifically, these theories have been stated to be ...

Abstract

Smoking and nicotine addiction is one of the issues that has been widely discussed and blogged globally. There are several divisive issues with regard to the effects smoking and how the problem should be dealt with globally. The public health officials use empirical evidence to prove that smoking causes problems like lung cancer, sexual impairment, and depression. The cigarette manufacturers on the other end oppose the idea that smoking can be directly linked to any of the three mentioned problems. The responses to such issues include various empirical studies trying to prove the health implications of smoking. This paper ...

I am concerned about smoking because it has been estimated that one billion people could die from smoking on the global level in the current century. This is a concern of public interest due to the fact that smoking does not only affect people who smoke, but also the non-smokers who are exposed to secondhand smoke. I do not think that people are completely aware of the severity of this issue, because they keep smoking in spite of all the warnings which are supposed to make them comprehend the hazardous effects of smoking. Smoking kills people and causes illnesses ...

Summary of Teaching Plan

Tobacco smoking is a global epidemic amongst the youths today. Like the adults, the youths are also exposed to great health problems. In the United States particularly, there are huge implications for the economic and public health concerns both now and in the future. Although smoking is the most preventable cause of death, the United States has suffers approximately 500,000 smoking related deaths every year (Hanewinkel, Isensee, Sargent, & Morgenstern, 2010). Although many people are aware of the dangers of smoking, many still fall prey and end up getting addicted to the habit. It is for this reason that ...

Introduction

Information, it is argued, is power. When patients are misinformed about chemotherapy handling, they imagine worst case scenarios; they expect over-blown worst case scenarios. A lot of side-effects are imagined and as a consequence, anxious patients undergo loss of control over their disease-causing psycho-social effects as hopelessness (Sauer & Voss, 2012). Furthermore, acute care nurse practitioner’s role is imperative in the management of psycho-education, imparting skills and cognitive resourcefulness required by patients during the crisis period. The quality of life, which is described as the general well-being with a strong relationship to the patient’s health perceptions and ability ...

Introduction

Lung cancer is a deadly form tumor that advances in the chest cavity. It is the leading cause of cancer deaths among both men and women in the United States. Due to the severity of respiratory complications posed by this medical complication, early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The discussion below is aimed to create enlightenment on the development and treatment of cancer. It also focuses on the current researches about this complication and outlines some of the proposed treatment approaches. For a fact, early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is essential since lack thereof results in death.

Symptoms

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Introduction

Studies relating to lung cancer treatment can save lives and make the lives of cancer patients more comfortable besides increasing the quality of life. According to Lardinois et al., (2003), there are three primary types of lung cancer; they include non-small cell, small cell, and carcinoid lung cancer. Statistically, non-small cell lung cancer, for example, Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma account for the highest occurrences of all lung cancers to a tune of 85% [1]. It has been established that both environmental and genetic factors do contribute to lung cancer significantly. Continued exposure to carcinogens, ionizing ...

Introduction

Research in lung cancer treatment can save lives and improve a patient’s quality of life. There are three main types of lung cancer: Non-small cell, small cell, and lung carcinoid cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer, such as Squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma make up about 85% of all lung cancers (Molina, Yang, Cassivi, Schild, & Adjei, 2008). Both environmental and genetic factors are significant in the cause of lung cancer. Chronic exposure to carcinogens, ionizing radiation, and viral infections can lead to alterations of the DNA in tissue lining the bronchial epithelium of the lungs. Furthermore, ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]} All drug delivery systems (DDS) use the nanostructures as drug containers. There are various types of these nanocontainers such as polymeric liposomal nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, magnetic nanoparticles and polymeric micelles (Singh and Lillard, 2009; Zarogoulidis et al., 2012). The mode of action of these nanostructures on the target site and the molecular proceedings occurring during this process provides a mechanistic foundation for drug discovery against cancerous developments. The several considerable points that an anti-cancer agent should have are targeted delivery to the impacted cells, least activity loss, ...

Finger clubbing is an important medical condition associated with various diseases. Several studies and researches have stated that it is most commonly seen and described as the condition where there is an evident enlargement of the fingers specifically the terminal segments of the digits (fingers or toes). This condition exists due to the production or overproliferation of the connective tissues in the middle of the matrix of the nail and the distal phalanx (Myers & Farquhar, 2001, pp. 341). The pathophysiology of finger clubbing has been studied by numerous scientists and health experts through the years. However, the formulation of ...

Introduction:

Occupational exposure to silica crystals has long been identified and recognized in most of the industries. There are various industries that involved the silica dusts, where some are highly exposed beyond the threshold limits for the substances. The problem with the occupational exposure of workers to silica crystals are often not taken seriously be employer and employee alike. Exposure to silica in the occupational environment results to health effects such as silicosis and other related diseases. People who are working with these crystals are prone to respiratory effects as well. There is a problem in the safety and health ...

Abstract

Cancer of the lungs is among the leading causes of cancer in the world. It has two forms; small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC constitutes about 85% of cases of lung cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its mutations are found to have an important role in this cancer. Therefore, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) can work effectively against NSCLC. Gefitinib, which is a first generation TKI, and afatinib, which is a second-generation TKI, are effective as a first-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. Erlotinib is effective as a second-line therapy for advanced NSCLC. ...

A significant population in the world smoke cigarettes, which is a harmful behavior. Various studies have indicated that smoking is among the leading but preventable causes of death and diseases around the world. Apart from health issues produced by smoking, financial issues also prevail and they are among the main predictors of quitting smoking. For instance, Sindelar and O'Malley (2013) found out that quitting smoking could help an individual to save about $3000 per year. Despite the financial, environmental, and health problems created by smoking cigarettes, many people argue that smoking provides various benefits, and they cannot imagine the ...

Learner's Full Name

Assignment Title Effects of Cigarette Smoking and Cancer Rates Smoking is injurious to health and causes numerous deaths every year. In the United States along lung cancer mortality rates have been estimated to be around 100 men per 100000 aged between 50 and 54 (.Numerous research articles, funded studies and an extensive body of epidemiological data links cigarette smoking to a wide variety of cancers. Long time smokers have been found to suffer from cancers of the lung, head and neck, urinary tract, pancreas and the bladder. Other studies on smoking related cancers have also found that smoking can ...

Introduction

Quite often, people who smoke tobacco are perceived to be at a higher risk of lung cancer and other conditions associated with the smoking of tobacco than the people who though do not smoke, live with smokers. However, this perception is not necessarily accurate. Individuals who are exposed to the smoke from a burning tobacco have equal or higher chances of developing conditions associated with tobacco-smoking than their counterparts who are active tobacco smokers. The smoke from a burning tobacco can be inhaled by a non-tobacco smoker involuntarily. This kind of smoke is referred to as a secondhand smoke ( ...

Is it fair for a luxury goods company to raise prices on their "It" bag of the season? Why or why not? It seems fair for a number of reasons. First, the price is one of the reasons why the bag is so special. If many people can afford it, it will loose its ‘desirability’, the sense of its ‘uniqueness’. Second, no one forces people to buy this bag for the high price, as this is not an essential good and people can live without it. Third, company raise prices, because they know that the demand for the items ...

Smoking is a widely prevalent hazardous habit that can predispose the smoker and the nearby passive smokers to a number of chronic diseases like cancer and cardiopulmonary disorders. One third of the world population are smokers. There are more than 1 billion male smokers and 250 million female smokers. Smoking rates are higher in industrialized countries, when compared to developing countries. Nevertheless, the phase of increase in smoking rate is higher in developing countries, while decreasing rates were observed in developed countries. According to World Health Report, smoking accounts for 3 million deaths annually ("Smoking Statistics", 2016). According to ...

The four search terms used include;

Lung cancer Smoking cessation Education Reduced mortality and morbidity Article Tønnesen, P., Carrozzi, L., Fagerström, K. O., Gratziou, C., Jimenez-Ruiz, C., Nardini, S., & West, R. (2007). Smoking cessation in patients with respiratory diseases: a high priority, integral component of therapy. European Respiratory Journal, 29(2), 390-417.

What future research need are identified at this site?

In relation to lung cancer, the site explores several aspects that have remained uncovered by research. On one hand, there is notable evidence from the site that smoking has over time been regarded and still remains a significant marker for lung cancer. It is therefore important that all interventions that are ...

Abstract

Secondhand smoke contains many chemicals, including substances that can stimulate the development of cardiovascular diseases. Regular exposure to cigarette smoke put people at risk of developing various diseases including cardiovascular dysfunction. This is true even to non-smokers, due to the thousands of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke. Inhalation of these substances may lead to serious and life-threatening health concerns. Consequently, those who are exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher possibility of developing lung, nasal and other forms of cancer and heart diseases. The toxic substances upset the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels which leads ...

Introduction

Nurses involvement in smoking cessation programs helps increase the success rate for these programs Smoking in Veterans is a major health issue with up to 28.2%of veterans being active smokers a figure that is significantly higher than the smoking rates within the general population

For Veterans, the smoking cessation programs need be tailored to the age, health history and mental status

The Health People 2020 regards tobacco use as a leading health indicator and with prolonged use it is regarded as a maker for lung cancer or other chronic illnesses

Smoking rates have been constant even at tike when smoking cessation techniques and programs have significantly advanced

Discussion The training and education of nurses on smoking cessation programs and interventions can help reduce the rates of smoking or improve the success rate ...

Abstract

Airborne hazards in the workplace cause illness and fatalities when dust and chemicals are inhaled at a workplace (UKHSE 2015). Besides breathing in airborne dust, another danger is that explosions start when dust ignites from sparking machinery especially from circular saws (Hedlund et al. 2014). The amount and type of airborne dust is regulated by the HSE. The Quantitative Risk Management Framework was identified as practical method for evaluating and finding solutions to control airborne dusts that cause explosions and health problems. Another evaluation tool is the Control Banding Tool that was developed specifically to assess the risk of ...

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

The proposal is related to the healthcare issues that are prevailing in the United States of America. One of the most devastating health complications is lung cancer, which together with prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers make up the most prevalent chronic diseases. To overcome this issue federal, state, and local healthcare institutes are constantly improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management for lung cancer. The paper highlight the healthcare issues and the role of ‘Blessed Hands Community-Based Lung Cancer Program” in providing better facilities to the patients that are suffering from such chronic illness. The vision, mission, and ...

What are the problem and purpose of the research article?

Yoong et al. (2013) in their research sought to explore the importance of integration palliative care within standard oncologic care for patients with advanced lung cancer. Palliative care has over the years been associated with hospice care and inpatient care while outpatient care has not had a system that can accommodate palliative care for patients with such illnesses. Patients with chronic and sever illnesses have to be incorporated in a system that affords them both curative and palliative care because for them it not just about healing and recovery but also a need to live a quality life even ...

Wagner, E. H., Ludman, E. J., Aiello Bowles, E. J., Peinfold, R., Reid, R., Rutter, C., & Chubak, J. (2013, November 25). Nurse Navigators in Early Cancer Care: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Retrieved from http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/early/2013/11/25/JCO.2013.51.7359.full.pdf+html

PICO question

In patients who have been diagnosed with breast, colorectal and lung cancer, are nurse navigator interventions more effective than the routine/normal care in improving quality of life and patient experience?

Part 1

The results are valid based on the fact that concept of bias was eliminated in the study process by selecting patients who were actually diagnosed with the three types of cancers thus upholding the ...

Yoong et al., (2013) in their qualitative article ‘Early palliative care in advanced lung cancer: a qualitative study’ focus on determining the importance and role of early ambulatory palliative care interventions for patients who have been diagnosed with lung cancer. The authors argue that over the last one decade, palliative care has grown in significance and utilization especially for patients with advanced forms of illness as well as their caregivers. This is within the context that palliative care has continually been associated with improved management and control of symptoms, improved quality of life and better moods, effective utilization of ...

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States not only as absolute numbers of persons in the general population but also as a proportion of the total population. (Ershler & Longo, 1997). Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, 2015). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, ...

Article 1: Radiation Associated Brainstem Injury

The tolerance of the central nervous system (CNS) to radiation treatment is significant to patient under treatment for metastatic or primary diseases associated with neck, brain and head. In most cases, brainstem injury is graded by most widespread toxicity criterion of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program based on symptoms. The first grade is considered mild, the second grade is moderate and without the capacity to interfere with daily living activities. The third grade presents extreme interference with the activities of daily living while the fourth grade is life threatening. The manifestation of severe radiation therapy induced central nervous system ...

1.0 Ensuring Worker Safety during Sustainable Woodworking, Furniture Making and Carpentry 1.1 Introduction Furniture building, cabinet making and carpentry in construction projects put workers at risk due to inhaling “finely divided” wood dust; in fact, wood dust is “a known human carcinogen” (Yuan et al. 2014; NTP 2014). “Small solid particles . . . below 75 μm (micrometer) in diameter, which settle out under their own weight but which may remain suspended for some time” are hazardous (WHO 1999). The Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) based on volume for inhalable wood dust is 5 mg/m3 while the ...

The contemporary world has seen the exponential rise of cancer prevalence in the aging population to somewhat alarming levels. This segment consists of individuals aged 65 years and above and is the fastest growing age group in the United States. Recent statistics indicate that one in every eight people in America aged 65 years, and above develops cancer, with women accounting for 58% of all cancer cases (Browner, n.d.). Since cancer risk increases with advancing age, the elderly account for 56% and 70% of all new cancer diagnoses and mortalities in the country (Browner, n.d.). The cancer burden in ...

The tests required to assess the health of the soil and water are easy enough to implement and include in any investigation. It is however hard to find the environmental factors that had led to the pollutants in the soil and water. This is because unless the source of the contaminants is found directly, there must be some sort of conjecture as to what the source is. Therefore it is extremely difficult to pinpoint the causation in the case of environmental pollutants and even more difficult to find what factor is at fault. Fajersztajin noted that even if measurement ...

Introduction

The only proven strategy to fight any form of cancer is early detection based on evidence and researchers. Based on current evidence, low-dose computed tomography (CT) is highly recommended for patients with high risk for lung cancer. Many researchers state the potential advantages of CT screening in such patients over conventional screening methods. The American Cancer Society and American Lung Cancer Association, early detection and CT screening is one of the best and only proven methods to fight lung cancer across all age groups. In the US, Lung Cancer is the lead cause of cancer-associated death with an alarming ...

Some people claim that smoking is a personal choice that adults make and hence whether it affects them or not, it is up to them. Although this is true, smoking has many adverse effects on the smokers, the community, and the government. There is no doubt that cigarettes smoke contains harmful chemicals that affect the body. According to Action on Smoking and Health (ASH) (2013), smoking is the primary cause of many preventable illnesses and death. Ash noted that in the UK, about one hundred thousand people die annually as a result of diseases related to smoking. In the ...

In a modern world people are drowning in the large volumes of data. Thousands of papers and researches are being published every day to support or refute some kind of statement. Is smoking associated with lung cancer? Did educational reform increase the efficiency of education system? Is the new medicine a better way of illness treatment? All these kinds of questions are trying to be answered by statistical analysis which often includes flaws and fallacies. Some institutions manipulate the statistics intentionally, while others fail to provide society with a reliable result because of a poor knowledge of statistical techniques.

According to Andrew ...

People are unconsciously embracing slow and painful death every single day. This is evident from the thousands of people who smoke cigarettes on a daily basis despite being warned and reminded that smoking is harmful and it kills. According to a report prepared by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or CDC, currently, 42.1 million of American adults are smokers (Jamal et al.). Furthermore, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services states that smoke-related illnesses accounts for around 480, 000 deaths annually in the United States, which makes cigarette smoking as the number one cause of ...

Even though physician assistants constitute a minute part of the workforce involved in healthcare, their distinctive roles in this industry are expanding with a rapidly constant speed. It has always been my aspiration to become a refined and flexible professional in the world of medicine who is capable of functioning in several specialty areas and in various practice arrangements. However, I consider that my hard work and determination along with the acquirement of proper training and fundamental education are the key characteristics that would facilitate me in becoming a sophisticated physician assistant. At the same time, it needs to ...

The environment includes all non-living and living things that occur on earth naturally. Such things include weather, climate, and natural resources that influence economic activities and human survival. The environment is affected negatively by several issues that include pollution, diseases, earthquakes and floods. Now and then organizations preach on environmental conservation but very few pay attention. Many people do not consider themselves environmentalists.

There are several environmental effects that have occurred in different areas over the years. For example, Ebola in West Africa, that is an epidemic that has killed many people. The United States of America experienced ...

1.A. Penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics in structure. The remodeling process takes place in the bacterial cell walls due to the presence of a layer called peptidoglycan layer, which includes the breakdown of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine and cross-linking peptide chains . Cross-linking peptide chains provide rigidity to the fluid cell wall. Transpeptidase, an enzyme used in the breaking of peptide chains also reforms the peptide bonds after the restructuring of the cell wall. The penicillin inhibits the enzyme transpeptidase, which prevents the peptide bonds from reforming. Thus, penicillin makes the cell walls weaker, which results ...

‘Thank you for Smoking’ is a satirical comedy drama movie based on Christopher`s Buckley`s novel of the same name. The movie is centered on the life experiences of Nick Naylor, a talented tobacco lobbyist and Vice President of a lobby group, ‘Academy of Tobacco’. The movie focuses on Nick`s experiences in his bid to defend cigarettes from being branded with a warning sign of a skull and crossbones labels on all packets. This anti-tobacco campaign is strongly levied by a congressman, Senator Finistirre, who introduces this bill to the Senate to legislate the branding of all cigarette packets with the ...

Quote ‘one man’s trash is another man’s treasure’ aptly suits Canada’s asbestos exports and its support for asbestos industry in developing countries. Canada is a country of ten provinces and three territories out of which only Quebec has asbestos mines. Quebec was the world’s first province to start a commercial mine in 1879 whose mines are still operational today. 97% of their production is exported to developing countries. Canadian citizens want asbestos banned due to its cancer causing factors but the government is dragging its feet on the policy. Within the country if closing these mines ...

Introduction

Smoking is universally accepted as one of the main problems affecting the modern society. This is a problem which does not come from nature. This is a problem which is created by us. Smoking is an activity which is voluntarily taken up by people of different ages, races, caste, creed and religion in full knowledge of its harmful effect. This not only affects the person who smokes but also indirectly affects the person nearby. Smoking is a source of an array of health hazards including cancer, respiratory problems and cardiovascular diseases. Smoking during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects in a child. This ...

Question 1

Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control hypothesized that the salt intake of children is increasing their risk of developing hypertension, similar to that seen in adults (Park, 2012). The study included over six thousand children between the ages of eight and eighteen, a good sample size for statistical analysis. One potential drawback in the design of the study is that it only involved a detailed interview of the children and not an actual measurement of their daily salt intake. However, the results were clear. Children appear to be eating as much salt as an adult every day and the higher ...

In carrying out a patient assessment, important components such as patient health history and physical health should be examined using a holistic approach. A nurse would require information from the patient, friends and family, diagnostic tests and patient medical records (Jarvis, 2004). A comprehensive assessment should include a detailed survey of physical signs such as weight and height, an assessment of the patient’s body systems and organs. On the other hand, a priority assessment is a short evaluation, normally completed within 5 minutes, which gives an overall evaluation of the patient. However, a more in-depth assessment of the patient is required to make a diagnosis.

First Chart Case

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“Air toxics” is defined as “air pollution,” where pollution is an “undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities.” In addition, the EPA (2012, July 16) says pollutants include compounds that are known or suspected to cause serious health effects, which may include, but are not limited to, cancer, reproductive effects, or birth defects, and/or to cause harmful environmental effects. The pollutants may come from natural sources (such as radon gas rising from the ground) or from man-made sources (such as chemical compounds emitted by factory smokestacks ...